Navegando por Palavras-chave "FASTING"

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    THE EFFECT OF FASTING AND REFEEDING ON OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION BY RATS
    (Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 1992-01-01) Griggio, Mauro Antonio [UNIFESP]; Luz, Jacqueline [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, SMT; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Oxygen consumption is usually measured on fasted animals to avoid the thermal effect of feeding. However, fasting itself may decrease oxygen consumption as a way of conserving energy. The present study was undertaken to determine how long the fasting period should be to avoid the thermal effect of feeding without promoting a further decrease in oxygen consumption by the activation of energy-conservation mechanisms. Oxygen consumption was also measured to evaluate the effect of refeeding after different fasting periods. There was a 16% decrease in oxygen consumption from 0 to 12 h fasting related to the thermal effect of feeding, followed by a less intense (12%) decrease from 12 to 48 h fasting resulting from the energy conservation mechanism. During refeeding, oxygen consumption was higher during the first 30-min period than during the last 30-min period of the 1-h measurement, indicating the probable presence of a cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis. We conclude that 12-h fasting is the most appropriate period to avoid the thermal effect of feeding without significantly stimulating the energy conservation mechanism.
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    Effects of fasting and food restriction on sympathetic activity in brown adipose-tissue in mice.
    (Springer, 1992-11-01) Griggio, Mauro Antonio [UNIFESP]; Richard, D.; Leblanc, J.; UNIV LAVAL; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The activity of the sympathetic nervous system in mice that were either fed ad libitum, food restricted or fasted was estimated by measuring the accumulation of dopamine following the inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. Mice in each group were injected with the dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor 1-cyclohexyl-2-mercaptoimidazole and were exposed to either 30-degrees-C (warm) or 4-degrees-C (cold). Mice were killed 1 h after the injection. Both heart and brown adipose tissue were then quickly removed and homogenized in ice-cold perchloric acid. Dopamine and noradrenaline were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Regardless of whether mice were warm or cold exposed, both content and concentration of brown adipose tissue and dopamine were predictably higher in 1-cyclohexyl-2-mercaptoimidazole-injected mice than in non-injected animals. in mice fed ad libitum, post-injection content and concentration of dopamine in both brown adipose tissue and heart were higher in cold-exposed mice than in warm-exposed animals. in food-restricted and fasted mice, post-injection concentrations of dopamine in brown adipose tissue were higher in cold-exposed mice than in warm-exposed animals. in food-restricted and fasted mice there was no difference between warm- and cold-exposed animals with respect to post-injection contents and concentrations of dopamine in heart tissue. in fasted mice there was no difference between warm- and cold-exposed animals in post-injection content of dopamine in brown adipose tissue. This study provides further evidence that fasting, in contrast to food restriction, may blunt the tissue sympathetic nervous system response in brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice.
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    ENERGY-BALANCE OF RATS SUBJECTED TO CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT FOOD RESTRICTION
    (Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 1995-09-01) Luz, Jacqueline [UNIFESP]; Griggio, Mauro Antonio [UNIFESP]; Natrieli, R. M.; Aumond, Mariana Dantas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Data from our laboratory have demonstrated that food restriction leads to alterations in energy balance such as reduced energy expenditure as an energy conservation mechanism. Food restriction may be imposed on the animals in different ways. The most common is to give equal daily amounts of restricted food. Alternatively, food may be given once every two or three days so that the food intake is not constant with the animal tending to eat more on the first day and be very restricted during the subsequent days of the period. The former model may elicit habituation to the low food intake while the latter may decrease the habituation stimulus since the food intake is not constant. Energy balance was determined in 3 groups of female rats weighing 206.7 +/- 2.0 g (N = 6 each): control (C), which received food ad libitum; continuously food restricted (CR), which received 8 g of food daily, and intermittently food restricted (IR), which received 24 g of food every 3 days. On the 21st day of treatment, the animals from both food-restricted groups showed a similar reduction of body weight (-47.9 +/- 5.1 and -55.8 +/- 4.0 g for CR and IR, respectively) and body energy (-501.0 +/- 65.5 and -427.0 +/- 82.1 for CR and IR, respectively), and they had similar energy expenditure (2643 +/- 72 and 2518 +/- 97 for CR and IR, respectively) which was different from ad libitum controls (4.6 +/- 2.9 body weight gain, 277.3 +/- 42.5 body energy gain and 4574 +/- 290 energy expenditure). Body weight decreased continuously in the CR group while in the IR group it followed the pattern of food intake with up-and-down shifts. We conclude that the energy balance pattern presented by food-restricted animals is the same regardless of the form of food restriction imposed.
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    Esvaziamento gástrico após administração oral de contraste em tomografia computadorizada do abdômen: descrição de seis casos
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004-06-01) Martins, Fernando Antonio Nogueira da Cruz [UNIFESP]; Amaral, José Luiz Gomes do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary injury due to gastric contents aspiration is a complication related to airway protective reflexes loss. Tomography imaging with digestive tract contrast requires special care for children below five years of age requiring general anesthesia or sedation to assure immobility during the procedure. General anesthesia induction or sedation after contrast ingestion may pose substantial risk for gastric contents bronchoaspiration, so contrast administration by gastric tube is often used after tracheal intubation, since time elapsed for emptying gastric contrast is unknown. This practice means increased anesthesia duration and leads to issues about the possibility of gastric emptying in less than one hour. Six patients submitted to abdominal tomography were evaluated concerning gastric emptying by tomographic slices in stomach topography to establish whether residual liquid contents remain in that organ after contrast administration. CASES REPORT: Participated in this study 6 children undergoing abdominal tomography. Two conscious children presented expressive gastric liquid residual 50 and 45 minutes, respectively, after oral contrast ingestion. Four anesthetized children have also presented gastric liquid residual 40-50 minutes after contrast administration through gastric tube. In two of them remarkable gastric liquid content remained even after stomach aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: In all studied cases, forty to fifty minutes were not enough for gastric emptying after contrast administration and even stomach aspiration trough gastric tube has resulted in significant residual liquid.