Navegando por Palavras-chave "Eye infections, bacterial"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise laboratorial das ceratites infecciosas secundárias à cirurgia refrativa(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2005-06-01) Leal, Fernando [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Campos, Mauro Silveira de Queiroz [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: To describe the laboratory findings in patients with infectious keratitis, who underwent refractive surgery, correlating the surgical procedure and the time of infection manifestation, and the results of culture and smears. METHODS: The previous samples were obtained from patients submitted to radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at the Ophthalmology Department of UNIFESP. The infections were classified as early, when they occurred up to 30 days after the surgery, and late when diagnosed after 30 days. RESULTS: In 93 samples, 39 (42%) came from patients submitted to radial keratotomy, 14 (36%) being early infections and 25 (64%) late; 38 (41%) of LASIK, 21 (55%) being early and 17 (45%) late; 16 (17%) of photorefractive keratectomy, 10 (62.5%) being early and 6 (37.5%) late. Eighty-six samples were submitted to culture and smears for bacteria, 43 cultures (50%) and 43 smears (50%) were positive. Seventy-two samples were submitted to culture and smears for fungi, 2 cultures (3%) and 4 smears (6%) were positive. CONCLUSION: The agreement between culture and smear results was 80.2%; regarding the type of surgery there was no statistically significant relationship between time of onset of infection and surgery.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Características laboratoriais das ceratites e conjuntivites causadas por Streptococcus sp(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2004-10-01) Solari, Helena Parente [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Luciene Barbosa de [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: To evaluate laboratorial findings of Streptococcus keratitis and conjunctivitis, analyzing the different species and the results of bacterial susceptibility to an antibiotics. METHODS: Retrospective study of the records from the External Disease Laboratory of the Ophthalmology Department of the Federal University of São Paulo, with conjunctival or corneal positive bacterial culture for Streptococcus sp, between January 1995 and December 2001. The collected data were age, Streptococcus species and the bacterial susceptibility to the following antibiotics: cephalotin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramicin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and vancomicin. RESULTS: The most frequent species were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans. Regarding bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics we found a higher susceptibility to the following antibiotics: cephalotin, quinolones and vancomicin. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the commercially available topic antibiotics, the quinolones presented better results when compared to the aminoglycosides.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Contact lens-associated microbial keratitis(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2008-12-01) Moriyama, Aline Silveira [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: Contact lens-associated microbial keratitis is a severe condition with sight-threatening potential and increasing incidence. Information regarding the etiological agents is essential in guiding management and may vary geographically. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological results of corneal scrapings collected from patients presenting with contact lens-associated microbial keratitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the records of all patients who were clinically diagnosed with contact lens-associated microbial keratitis and had corneal scrapings sent to the Laboratory of Ocular Microbiology, UNIFESP/EPM during a 5-year period from January 2002 to December 2007. RESULTS: The etiological agent was identified in 239 patients. Bacterial isolates accounted for 166 (69.46%) cases, Acanthamoeba for 95 (39.75%) cases and fungi for 4 (1.67%) cases. Among the bacterial infections, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was demonstrated in 74 cases, while Pseudomonas spp was found in 32 patients. All coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Resistance to gentamicin was documented in a single case of Pseudomonas. Fourth-generation flouoroquinolone resistance was not observed among Pseudomonas cases. CONCLUSION: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent isolate, and such data must be considered when determining empiric treatment. Second-generation fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin showed a good antibacterial profile and therefore could be good options for initial management.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Deep stromal mycobacterial keratitis: viable bacteria after six months of treatment: case report and literature review(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2005-08-01) Gusmão, Filipe Brandão Accioly de [UNIFESP]; Alvarenga, Lênio [UNIFESP]; Barbosa, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Sampaio, Jorge; Leao, Sylvia Cardoso [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Laboratório FleuryTo report the presence of viable mycobacteria in a patient with keratitis treated for 6 months. Species identification was performed using the PRA method (polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease analysis). Clonality was evaluated with RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and ERIC-PCR (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus - polymerase chain reaction) methods. The patient reported trauma due to a metallic foreign body 3 weeks prior to presentation. Initial corneal scraping cultures revealed Mycobacterium abscessus. After 6 months of topical and systemic treatment the patient presented with no active inflammation and was considered clinically cured. An optic penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Culture of the excised cornea revealed Mycobacterium abscessus. Both isolates had the same clonal origin. The most interesting finding of this case report was the positive culture of the excised cornea after 6 months of intensive specific topical therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature showing this possibility in the treatment of Mycobacterial keratitis. Thus, Mycobacterium abscessus may present viable bacteria after long-term treatment and should be followed carefully for a long period of time after tapering the medication.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Distribuição das ceratites infecciosas em hospital terciário no Brasil(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2013-12-01) Marujo, Fábio Iglesias; Hirai, Flávio Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Sato, Elcio Hideo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: To investigate the seasonality of infectious keratitis in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Charts from the Ocular Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Federal University of São Paulo were reviewed from 2005 to 2009. Infectious keratitis were defined as those with positive culture. Data were distributed monthly and linear regressions with seasonal dummy models were used to test for seasonal trends. RESULTS: Total of 1,468 cases of keratitis was diagnosed during the study period. Bacterial keratitis were reponsible for 80.3% of all cases, followed by fungal (7%), and Acanthamoeba (6%); 6.7% were mixed cases. Statistical tests showed that there were no seasonal trends for bacteria (p=0.064), fungi (p=0.379), Acanthamoeba (p=0.062) or mixed infections (p=0.441). Conclusions: No seasonal trends for infectious keratitis were observed in our sample.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Endoftalmites bacterianas com culturas positivas: uma revisão de 6 anos(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2008-10-01) Bispo, Paulo José Martins [UNIFESP]; Melo, Gustavo Barreto de [UNIFESP]; D'azevedo, Pedro Alves; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Pignatari, Antonio Carlos Campos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre - FFFCMPA Departamento de Microbiologia e ParasitologiaPURPOSE: To assess the distribution of microorganisms isolated from patients with bacterial endophthalmitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical and microbiological records of patients with suspected diagnosis of endophthalmitis and bacterial culture-proven at the Department of Ophthalmology, UNIFESP, between January 1 2000 and December 31 2005. RESULTS: 153 (33.9%) of 451 patients showed positive bacterial culture. A total of 155 microorganisms were isolated, 79.35% were gram-positive and 20.65% gram-negative. Staphylococcus (CoNS) (41.94%) were the most frequently isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility for gram-negative microorganisms was as follows: amikacin 87.10%, tobramycin 80.65%, ciprofloxacin 96.67%, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin 100%, ceftazidime 85.0%, and gentamicin 80.65%. Vancomycin sensitivity among gram-positive microorganisms was 100%. S. aureus and CoNS showed 83.33% of susceptibility to oxacillin, 89.61% to ciprofloxacin and 100% to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. The main acquisition mechanism was postoperative (60.65%). CONCLUSION: We detected a low sensitivity of vitreous/aqueous culture for the etiologic diagnosis of endophthalmitis. The empiric antimicrobial therapy or prophylaxis should be active against gram-positive bacteria, particularly staphylococci. Surveillance studies of bacterial resistance are important for a better utilization of antimicrobials in this clinical setting.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities to methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from eye infection(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2007-03-01) Oliveira, Adália Dias Dourado [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Belfort, Rubens Junior [UNIFESP]; Gayoso, Maria de Fátima; Francisco, Waldemar; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasPURPOSE: To evaluate the fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of ocular isolate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), identified at the Microbiology Laboratory - UNIFESP. DESIGN: Experimental laboratory investigation. METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 21 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) and 22 methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCoNS) to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were determined, using the E-test method standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI/NCCLS). RESULTS: The MIC90s (µg/ml) for the second generation of tested fluoroquinolones were higher than the fourth generation, especially for the methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci group. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci are more susceptible to quinolones than are methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and that fourth generation fluoroquinolones appear to be more potent, affecting even coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains resistant to second generation fluoroquinolones.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Microbial keratitis in the elderly: a 32-year review(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2010-08-01) Passos, Renato Magalhães [UNIFESP]; Cariello, Angelino Julio [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: To describe the demographic characteristics, associated factors and causative agents of infectious keratitis in the elderly in a tertiary referral center in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients aged 60 years and over with a presumptive diagnosis of infectious keratitis who had material collected for microbiological analysis, between the years 1975 and 2007 (32-year span). RESULTS: From a total of 7,060 age-independent cases of microbial keratitis, 1,545 cases in the elderly were reviewed, which had a mean age of 71.0 ± 7.8 years, ranging from 60 to 101 years. There were 707 males (45.6%) and 838 females (54.3%). Associated factors were: past ocular surgery (25.1%), ocular trauma (7.2%) and contact lens use (3.0%). Bacterioscopy was positive in 40.5% of cases. Culture positivity for any agent was 53.5% (bacteria 47.0%, fungi 6.1%, Acanthamoeba 0.4%). The most frequent bacteria were the gram-positive cocci (mostly coagulase-negative Staphylococci) and gram-negative bacilli (mostly the genera Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Proteus), while the most frequent fungi were the filamentous (mostly the genus Fusarium). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents a large series of microbial keratitis in the elderly in a single referral center. The most important factor associated with this condition in the elderly was past ocular surgery. The most frequent causative agents were bacteria, especially gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Molecular biology applied to the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2009-10-01) Bispo, Paulo José Martins [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Pignatari, Antonio Carlos Campos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Bacterial endophthalmitis is a serious but uncommon intraocular infection which frequently results in vision loss. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are associated with better visual outcome. Conventional microbiological methods are currently used for microbiological characterization of eyes with suspected endophthalmitis. However, the sensitivity of bacterial detection from aqueous and vitreous humor using microbiology techniques is poor, and time-consuming to confirm the results. The application of molecular methods enhances significantly laboratory confirmation of bacterial endophthalmitis, demanding a shorter time to draw a definitive result and thereby promoting the early initiation of a more specific therapy to limit the empirical or unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. PCR-based techniques, including post-PCR methods such RFLP, DNA probe hybridization and DNA sequencing have been successfully used for the diagnostic elucidation of clinically suspected bacterial endophthalmitis cases, showing promising application in the routine practice of ocular microbiology laboratories.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro dos Staphylococcus coagulase negativa oculares(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2007-12-01) Gayoso, Maria de Fátima Azevedo [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Adália Dias Dourado [UNIFESP]; d'Azevedo, Pedro Alves [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Francisco, Waldemar; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)PURPOSE: To assess the in vitro susceptibility of conjunctival and corneal coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) to methicillin, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. METHODS: A total of 707 conjunctival and corneal CoNS disk diffusion test results were retrospectively analyzed, from January 2000 through December 2003. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2003, there was an increase in number of CoNS isolated from conjunctiva (n=57 to n=153) and cornea (n=28 to n=78). The frequency of conjunctival and corneal methicillin-resistant CoNS also increased (1.8 to 19.6% and 14.3 to 29.3%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between fluoroquinolones-resistant CoNS percentages in conjunctiva (ofloxacin: 1.8 to 7.8% and ciprofloxacin: 3.5 to 9.2%) and cornea (ofloxacin: 14.3 to 9.0% and ciprofloxacin: 14.3 to 10.3%). Evaluating the results of the conjunctival samples, there was increased resistance to tobramycin (15.8 to 34.0%) and to gentamycin (10.5 to 25.5%). There was no change in resistance of corneal isolates to tobramycin (28.6 to 26.9%) and to gentamycin (21.4 to 23.1%). CONCLUSIONS: there was a decrease in in vitro CoNS susceptibility to methicillin, tobramycin and gentamycin. Fuoroquinolones represented by ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin demonstrated stable in vitro susceptibility.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Uso ocular de água boricada: condições de manuseio e ocorrência de contaminação(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2007-03-01) José, Andrea Cotait Kara [UNIFESP]; Branco, Bruno Castelo [UNIFESP]; Ohkawara, Lílian Emi [UNIFESP]; Yu, Maria Cecília Zorat [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)PURPOSE: To evaluate use conditions and detect contamination in bottles of boric acid solution. METHODS: A convenience sample of 42 recruited patients using boric acid solution came to the Ophthalmology Emergency Room of the São Paulo Hospital from February to March of 2003. Cultures were taken from material of the conjunctival sac, inner surface of bottle edge, inner part of cap and from 1 ml of boric acid solution of each bottle. RESULTS: Of the 42 boric acid solution bottles, 17 (40.5%) showed contamination: 1 (2.4%) in the solution, 17 (40.5%) in the inner cap and 6 (14.3%) in the inner part of the bottle edge. Of the 17 contaminated bottles, 10 (58.8%) were handled inappropriately and 13 (76.5%) of the bottles were not discharged after first use. The most common microorganisms found in the caps and edges of the bottles were Staphylococcus sp (69.6%), followed by Gram-positive bacillus (26.1%). Sixteen bottles (38.1%) had been opened more than a month ago and 5 (31.3%) of those showed contamination. The boric acid solution bottle directions shown on the labels were incomplete and not clear. The use of boric acid solution was on recommendation of their own, friends or relatives in 26 (61.9%) cases; pharmacists in 8 (19.0%) cases, ophthalmologists in 5 (11.9%) cases and general practitioners in 3 (7.1%) cases. CONCLUSION: In most cases, the topic use of boric acid solution was recommended by non-physicians. The bottles, in general, were handled inappropriately, and hence presented a much higher level of contamination that did the boric acid solution inside. The lower level of contamination in the solution is possibly associated with the anti-septic characteristics of the boric acid solution.