Navegando por Palavras-chave "Exercise training"

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    Adolescentes jogadoras de handebol apresentam conteúdo mineral ósseo superior ao de adolescentes jogadoras de futebol: um estudo transversal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-01-18) Fagundes, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa de; Andrade, Marilia dos Santos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8618739762906389; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3289964716112944; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5352738309999132
    Introdução: A adolescência é o período de vida em que se obtém entre 40 e 60% da massa óssea, algo extremamente importante para prevenção de osteoporose na fase adulta. Entre os vários fatores que podem estimular esse ganho de massa óssea está a prática de atividade física. Entretanto, não está claro na literatura que tipo de atividade física é capaz de gerar maiores ganhos. Objetivo: Comparar o conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO), a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e a massa magra de adolescentes atletas (jogadoras de futebol e jogadoras de handebol) e um padrão de referência norte-americano com o intuito de verificar o efeito da modalidade esportiva praticada sobre a massa óssea e massa magra. Métodos: Este estudo transversal mediu o CMO, a DMO, a DMO total do corpo menos cabeça (TBLH) e a massa magra usando absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) em 115 jogadoras de handebol (15,5 ± 1,3 anos, 165,2 ± 5,6 cm e 61,9 ± 9,3 kg) e em 142 jogadoras de futebol (15,5 ± 1,5 anos, 163,7 ± 6,6 cm e 56,5 ± 7,7 kg). Além disso, 136 adolescentes mulheres formaram o grupo de valores padrão de referência norte-americano (15,1 ± 1,3 anos, 163,5 ± 5,8 cm e 67,2 ± 19,4 kg), cujos dados referentes à massa óssea foram extraídos do estudo “National Health and Nutrition Survey” (NHANES). Resultados: Observou-se que jogadoras de handebol, quando comparadas às futebolistas, apresentaram valores maiores de CMO em membros superiores (294,8±40,2 g e 270,7±45,7 g, p < 0,001), membros inferiores (1011,6±145,5 g e 967,7±144,3 g, p = 0,035), tronco (911,1±182,5 g e 841,6±163,7 g, p = 0,001), costelas (312,4±69,9 g e 272,9±58,0 g, p < 0,001), vértebras (245,1±46,8 g e 222,0±45,1 g, p < 0,001) e massa óssea total (2708,7±384,1 g e 2534,8±386,0 g, p < 0,001), respectivamente. Os valores do padrão de referência norte-americano para o CMO em membros inferiores (740,6±132,3 g, p < 0,001), tronco (539,7±98,6 g, p < 0,001), costelas (138,2±29,9 g, p < 0,001), pelve (238,9±54,6 g, p < 0,001), vértebras (152,8±26.4 g, p < 0,001) e massa óssea total (1987,5±311.3 g, p < 0,001) foram inferiores quando comparadas às adolescentes das duas modalidades esportivas. As jogadoras de handebol, quando comparadas às futebolistas, também apresentaram valores maiores de DMO em tronco (1,02±0,87 g/cm2 e 0,99±0,83 g/cm2 , p=0,017), costelas (0,77±0,06 g/cm2 e 0,74±0,05 g/cm2 , p<0,001) e vértebras (1,15±0,11 g/cm2 e 1,09±0,12 g/cm2 , p<0,001). As adolescentes atletas apresentaram DMO superior a apresentada pelo padrão de referência norte-americano para todas as medidas realizadas (membros superiores, inferiores, tronco, costelas, pelve, coluna e total) (p<0,005). Com relação à massa magra, não houve diferença entre os 3 grupos com relação à massa magra de membros superiores (p=0,112) e massa magra total (p=0,524). Porém, a massa magra de membros inferiores foi menor no grupo do ix padrão de referência norte-americano do que nos grupos de jogadoras de futebol e handebol (p=0,001). Conclusões: Meninas adolescentes que praticam handebol por pelo menos um ano apresentam CMO superior ao encontrado em adolescente praticantes de futebol. Além disso, as adolescentes atletas das duas modalidades apresentam CMO e DMO superiores ao padrão de referência norte-americano. Esses resultados podem ser usados por médicos, profissionais de saúde e educação física para justificar a escolha de uma modalidade esportiva específica para aumento de CMO e DMO em meninas adolescentes.
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    Aerobic exercise training in heart failure: impact on sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac and skeletal muscle function
    (Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 2011-09-01) Brum, Patricia Chakur; Bacurau, Aline Villa Nova; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista; Vanzelli, Andréa Somolanji; Negrao, Carlos Eduardo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Stanford Univ
    Heart failure is a common endpoint for many forms of cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic neurohumoral excitation (i.e., sympathetic hyperactivity) has been considered to be a hallmark of heart failure and is associated with a poor prognosis, cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, and skeletal myopathy. Aerobic exercise training is efficient in counteracting sympathetic hyperactivity and its toxic effects on cardiac and skeletal muscles. In this review, we describe the effects of aerobic exercise training on sympathetic hyperactivity, skeletal myopathy, as well as cardiac function and remodeling in human and animal heart failure. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of aerobic exercise training.
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    Análise e caracterização dos impactos causado pela inflamação nos aspectos psicobiológicos de atletas com overtraining
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-02-25) Barros, Lucas Santos Pimentel Almeida [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9928572887023286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491409324338140; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O treinamento desportivo é capaz de promover estímulos sobre o organismo afim de capacitar e proporcionar adaptações positivas. Entretanto, quando os estímulos sobrepõem a capacidade de recuperação do organismo é possível que ocorram adaptações psicobiológicas negativas, como alterações do humor e fadiga, nas quais podem ser relacionadas ao processo inflamatório exacerbado no organismo ocasionado pelo overtraining. Objetivos: Compreender a relação do overtraining com a carga de treinamento e a recuperação; compreender os efeitos causados pela inflamação nas alterações psicobiológicas induzidas pelo exercício em atletas com overtraining. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa desenvolvida a partir de dados extraídos de livros e artigos, de língua inglesa e portuguesa, na base de dados do PubMed e Lilacs, abrangendo o período de 2000 a 2020. Conclusão: O planejamento do treinamento associado com uma recuperação adequada aos estímulos estressores do treinamento é essencial para o desenvolvimento esportivo do atleta e para atenuar a possibilidade da instalação de alterações psicobiológicas relacionados ao overtraining. A existência da relação entre o processo inflamatório ocasionada pelo exercício e possíveis alterações no humor, motivação e fadiga dos atletas com OT devem ser levadas em conta na compreensão da história natural do OT.
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    Cardiovascular control in experimental diabetes
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2002-09-01) De Angelis, Katia; Schaan, Beatriz D'Agord; Maeda, C.y.; Dal Lago, Pedro; Wichi, Rogerio Brandao [UNIFESP]; Irigoyen, Maria Claudia [UNIFESP]; Universidade de Santo Amaro UNIPESQ Laboratório de Cardiovascular; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul FAENFI Curso de Fisioterapia
    Several studies have reported impairment in cardiovascular function and control in diabetes. The studies cited in this review were carried out from a few days up to 3 months after streptozotocin administration and were concerned with the control of the circulation. We observed that early changes (5 days) in blood pressure control by different peripheral receptors were maintained for several months. Moreover, the impairment of reflex responses observed after baroreceptor and chemoreceptor stimulation was probably related to changes in the efferent limb of the reflex arc (sympathetic and parasympathetic), but changes also in the central nervous system could not be excluded. Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity during volume expansion were blunted in streptozotocin-treated rats, indicating an adaptive natriuretic and diuretic response in the diabetic state. The improvement of diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction induced by exercise training seems to be related to changes in the autonomic nervous system. Complementary studies about the complex interaction between circulation control systems are clearly needed to adequately address the management of pathophysiological changes associated with diabetes.
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    Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre a apoptose da musculatura esquelética de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-02-18) Matsuo Junior, Eduardo Hiroshi [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9969803499258672; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0088252656781637; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A hipertensão arterial é uma doença que está associada com alterações na musculatura esquelética, podendo existir fenótipos pró-apoptóticos que podem levar às disfunções deste órgão, trazendo sérios riscos e prejuízos à saúde, como fadiga excessiva e menor força e contratilidade. Sobre a apoptose, este evento é responsável pela morte celular programada, ou seja, ele regula o desaparecimento das células de forma ordenada e bem definida, sendo um evento essencial para a vida do ser humano. Porém, na hipertensão arterial, o evento apoptótico ocorre de maneira desordenada, ou seja, em excesso e causando prejuízos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo analisou o efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre a apoptose na musculatura esquelética de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Neste estudo utilizamos 12 ratos SHR e 12 ratos Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), com oito semanas de vida. Estes foram divididos em quatro grupos, seis SHR – Treinados, seis SHR – Sedentários, seis WKY – Treinados, seis WKY – Sedentários. Os animais dos grupos treinados realizaram um protocolo de treinamento físico em esteira rolante durante 13 semanas, realizando sessões de 60 minutos, 5 vezes por semana, a uma intensidade de 55% do VO2 máximo. Nesse mesmo período, em um dia que não era realizado o treinamento físico, eram feitas as coletas de dados da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e frequência cardíaca (FC) de todos os animais, por meio da pletismografia caudal. Além dos parâmetros de PAS e FC, foram coletados os dados do teste de tolerância ao esforço físico progressivo, além das análises de genotoxicidade do DNA dos músculos esqueléticos sóleo e plantar. Em relação ao teste de tolerância ao esforço físico progressivo, os animais que realizaram o protocolo de treinamento físico, apresentaram resultados superiores em comparação aos grupos sedentários. Sobre os dados de PAS (pós treinamento) houve diferença estatística em comparação aos grupos WKY e SHR, já em relação aos tratamentos, os animais treinados obtiveram números mais acentuados em comparação aos animais sedentários, isso ocorreu para ambos os grupos. No teste de genotoxicidade dos músculos esqueléticos sóleo e plantar, os resultados mostraram que não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Por fim, podemos concluir que o treinamento físico foi eficaz aumentando a capacidade de esforço físico progressivo, e diminuindo a PAS (dos quais os valores pré estava mais elevados no grupo SHR). Em relação aos resultados de genotoxicidade dos músculos esqueléticos, não houve diferença significativa. Entretanto, como existem outros fatores específicos relacionados a hipertensão arterial e apoptose, antes da submissão do presente estudo para publicação, será realizada a análise de imunohistoquímica, para a quantificação das atividades das proteínas pró e anti apoptóticas, para uma possível validação dos resultados de genotoxicidade.
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    Efeitos comparativos de diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico na massa muscular esquelética de ratos diabéticos: natação e esteira rolante
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-03-13) Moura, Elizabeth de Orleans Carvalho de [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7179837567280020; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome which may affect many organs and systems. Regular physical exercise is associated with attenuation of diabetes complications in people with type 1 DM (DM1). Physical training (PT) has long been the subject of scientific research in the treatment of diabetes . However, there are still few studies comparing the different training protocols available to people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats of aerobic TF performed with the aerobic swimming to TF effects performed on a treadmill. Thus, 42 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups diabetic control (DS), non-diabetic (CS) diabetic trained on the treadmill (DE) and diabetic trained on swimming (DN) . To induce type 1 diabetes, animals received 70 mg / kg of intravenous streptozotocin. The trained groups performed 8 weeks of TF in their respective ergometers at maximum lactate steady state intensity (MLSS). We evaluated the following data: exercise tolerance, MLSS, glycemic control and body weight, water and food intake, excretion of urine and feces, soleus and EDL muscles wet weight, muscle glycogen and the cross-sectional area of soleus and EDL muscles. Data were analyzed using one or two-way repeated way ANOVA with Bonferroni pos hoc comparisons. We found that the glycemic profile in DN group showed the smallest variation between the means throughout the experiment. Only in the last week the DE group increased average compared to DN and CS groups. Regarding body mass variation both TF protocols offered no significant differences. In relation to food and water intake, DS, DN and DE groups showed higher consumption compared to CS group. The trained groupsDN (137.16 ± 16.85) and DE (125.33 ± 21.51) showed a significant increase in water consumption during post-exercise period when compared to DS group (14.10 ± 11 16). Excretion of feces and urine were higher in DN (28.74 ± 4.98; 149.54 ± 31.02) and DE (40.85 ± 14.76; 136.44 ± 31.09) groups when compared to CS (7.45 ± 3.45; 21.9 ± 9.60) and DS (17.67 ± 4.69; 56.45 ± 19.57) groups. At maximal exercise test DE group (27.96 ± 4.53) was larger than DN (23.37 ± 5.46) although both showed higher exercise tolerance in the post-exercise period when compared to the DS group (16.05 ± 3.73). In MLSS, DE group only showed a significant increase when comparing post- versus pre-exercise. There was no statistical difference between TF protocols studied regarding wet weight of soleus and EDL. Regarding cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, only the ED group (3184.49 ± 1018.31; 1898.07 ± 481.54) showed higher cross-sectional area for both soleus and EDL muscles when compared to all CS groups (1039.35 ± 168.98; 819.65 ± 130.15), DS (689.62 ± 54.82; 504.19 ± 174.49) and DN (1110.99 ± 221.27; 702.56 ± 149.19). However, analysis of muscle glycogen in EDL showed that DN and DE groups (1277.0 ± 365.55; 1001.2 ± 288.25) had higher concentrations compared to CS and DS (647.9 ± 150.72; 20.9 ± 83.86), DN being greater than DE. For muscle glycogen of soleus muscle, there was statistical diference (p?0.05) between all groups, being DN and DE groups (813.5 ± 350.65; 696.4 ± 148.05) higher than DS (257.2 ± 95.78).Only DN was higher than CS (452.2 ± 178.94) For soleus muscle, we found a statistical difference between all groups (p = 0.05) Thus, our data suggests that both aerobic TF protocols in animals with DM1offered benefits in aspects such as reduced variation of blood glucose levels, improved resistance to physical exertion, increased cross-sectional area, increase in muscle glycogen concentration and an improvement in MLSS when compared to control animals. Regarding the variables glycemic profile, maximal exercise test, cross-sectional area and MLSS was possible to visualize difference between DN and DE groups. The glycemic profile of DN group showed a small variation between the measurements concerning the trial period although no statistical difference was found. At maximal exercise test DE group animals showed better performance and higher cross-sectional area when compared to DN group. MLSS in the DE group showed improvement in the first half of TF protocol, which can suggest that training on the treadmill was more effective.
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    Effects of exercise training associated with continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
    (Springer, 2012-09-01) Ackel-D'Elia, Carolina [UNIFESP]; Silva, Antonio Carlos da [UNIFESP]; Santos-Silva, Rogerio [UNIFESP]; Truksinas, Eveli [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Bolivar Saldanha [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 2-month exercise training associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the subjective and objective sleep measurements, quality of life, and mood in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients.Male patients were randomized into two treatment groups: CPAP (n = 19) and CPAP + exercise (n = 13). All patients completed 1 month of sleep hygiene, 2 months of treatment (CPAP or CPAP + exercise), and 1 week of washout (no treatment). Fletcher and Luckett sleep questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale, sleep diaries, polysomnography, SF-36 inventory of quality of life, Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, neck circumference, and body composition were evaluated. CPAP + exercise group also underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after treatment.Both treatments were effective in improving subjective sleepiness but CPAP + exercise treatment was more effective in maintaining this improvement after washout. No significant differences were found in most of the sleep parameters studied in both groups. CPAP + exercise group showed lower values of tension and fatigue on POMS and higher values of physical functioning, general health perception, and vitality on SF-36 after treatment.A 2-month exercise training associated with CPAP treatment for OSAS patients has a positive impact on subjective daytime sleepiness, quality of life (physical functioning and general health perception), and mood state (tension and fatigue).
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    Endurance exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and reticulum stress in adipose and hepatic tissue in obese rats
    (Springer, 2011-09-01) Luz, Gabrielle da; Frederico, Marisa Jadna Silva; Silva, Sabrina da; Vitto, Marcelo Fontana; Cesconetto, Patricia Acordi; Pinho, Ricardo Aurino de; Pauli, José Rodrigo [UNIFESP]; Silva, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da; Cintra, Dennys Esper; Ropelle, Eduardo Rochete; Souza, Claudio Teodoro de; Univ Extremo Catarinense; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    Obesity-induced endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to underlie the induction of obesity-induced JNK and NF-kappa B activation inflammatory responses, and generation of peripheral insulin resistance. On the other hand, exercise has been used as a crucial tool in obese and diabetic patients, and may reduce inflammatory pathway stimulation. However, the ability of exercise training to reverse endoplasmatic reticulum stress in adipose and hepatic tissue in obesity has not been investigated in the literature. Here, we demonstrate that exercise training ameliorates ER stress and insulin resistance in DIO-induced rats. Rats were fed with standard rodent chow (3,948 kcal kg(-1)) or high-fat diet (5,358 kcal kg(-1)) for 2 months. After that rats were submitted to swimming training (1 h per day, 5 days for week with 5% overload of the body weight for 8 weeks). Samples from epididymal fat and liver were obtained and western blot analysis was performed. Our results showed that swimming protocol reduces pro-inflammatory molecules (JNK, I kappa B and NF-kappa B) in adipose and hepatic tissues. in addition, exercise leads to reduction in ER stress, by reducing PERK and eIF2 alpha phosphorylation in these tissues. in parallel, an increase in insulin pathway signaling was observed, as confirmed by increases in IR, IRSs and Akt phosphorylation following exercise training in DIO rats. Thus, results suggest that exercise can reduce ER stress, improving insulin resistance in adipose and hepatic tissue.
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    Exercício físico aeróbio potencializa a terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo em ratos com infarto do miocárdio
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-11-11) Vieira, Stella de Souza [UNIFESP]; Serra, Andrey Jorge [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6499058447489317; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8786513800216063; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Aims: To analyze the effect of prior exercise training to myocardial infarction (MI) in the cardiac remodeling of rats undergoing therapy with mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSC). Methods: The study included 130 Fisher-344 rats allocated in one of the following groups: SHAM; IMC (infarcted control); T+IM (animals trained previously to IM); IM+CDTA (infarcted animals treated with ADSC); T+IM+CDTA (animals trained previously to IM and treated with ADSC) Exercise training consisted of five weekly sessions of 90 minutes of swimming, for nine weeks. The following analyses were conducted: peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), cardiac structure and function, myocardial inotropism, apoptosis and capillary density. Molecular analyses were performed with quantitative PCR and Western blot. The myocardial detection of ADSC was performed after 60 minutes and seven days of transplantation by SRY gene expression and radiolabeling Results: Cell therapy led to attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy (SHAM 139±4; IMC 244±3*; T+IM 199±2*; IM+CDTA 171±2#; T+IM+CDTA 163±1#. *p<0,05 vs. SHAM e #p<0,05 vs. IMC), cavity dilatation (SHAM 3±5; IMC 26±5*; T+IM 29±4*; IM+CDTA 17±2; T+IM+CDTA 16±2. *p<0,05 vs. SHAM), improvement in ventricular function (SHAM 24±6; IMC -18±2*; T+IM -12±4*; IM+CDTA 19±3; T+IM+CDTA 38±2) and increased myocardial inotropismo (SHAM 54±1; IMC 31±7*; T+IM 22±8*; IM+CDTA 35±1; T+IM+CDTA 42±2#. *p<0,05 vs. SHAM e #p<0,05 vs. IMC).. Additional benefits of CDTA to capillarity, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the infarcted myocardium were found. The effects of cell therapy were potentiated with the exercise. This effect may be related to higher ADSC content in myocardial tissue and attenuation of inflammatory profile related to exercise. Conclusion: Exercise training positively influenced cell therapy-related attenuation in post-infarction cardiac remodeling, in which the benefits were related to changes in the myocardial microenvironment, providing improved receptor niche for transplantation.
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    Exercise training improves hypertension-induced autonomic dysfunction without influencing properties of peripheral cardiac vagus nerve
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Neto, Octavio Barbosa; de Sordi, Carla Cristina; da Mota, Gustavo Ribeiro; Marocolo, Moacir; Chriguer, Rosangela Soares [UNIFESP]; Dias da Silva, Valdo Jose
    We examined the vagal transfer function of autonomic heart rate (HR) control in anesthetized sedentary and exercise-trained Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). To this end, male SHR and Wystar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with 48-50 weeks of age-old were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SHRS, n = 12) and trained (SHRT, n = 14) hypertensive rats, sedentary (WKYS, n = 13) and trained (WKYT, n = 13) normotensive rats. The trained groups were submitted to swimming protocol for 9 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), HR, HR variability (HRV), BP variability (BPV), baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac tonus were recorded in baseline conditions. Following, electric stimulation of peripheral vagus nerve was performed in anesthetized conditions. Resting bradycardia was observed in SHRT and WKYT when compared to their respective sedentary groups (p < 0.001). The BP was lower in SHRT than in SHRS (p < 0.001). The SHRT and WKYT rats showed higher baroreflex-mediated tachycardia values when compared to their respective sedentary counterparts (p < 0.001). Baroreflex bradycardic response in SHRT was higher than in SHRS (p < 0.005). The SHRT and WKYT rats showed a decreased sympathetic activity in comparison to their respective sedentary groups (p < 0.05). The cardiac vagal tonus was higher in SHRT than in SHRS (p < 0.05). Regarding the dynamic transducer properties of peripheral vagus nerve to the heart no difference was observed among the groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that exercise training decreased BP in SHR and improved cardiovascular autonomic balance to the heart without changes in transduction properties of peripheral cardiac vagus nerve.
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    Exercise training in rats impairs the replenishment of white adipose tissue after partial lipectomy
    (Springer, 2010-06-01) Habitante, Carlos Alexandre; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Allain Amador [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi [UNIFESP]; Estadella, Debora [UNIFESP]; Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Claudia Maria da Penha Oller do [UNIFESP]; Univ Fed Mato Grosso; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on the metabolism of rats following the partial removal of fat pads. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to the partial removal (L) of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RET) and epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), or a sham operation (Sh). Seven days after surgery, both sets of rats were subdivided into exercised (LE or ShE) (swimming 90 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) and sedentary (LS or ShS) groups. Partial removal of the fat pads increased the lipogenesis rates in both the RET and EPI and decreased the weight and lypolysis rate of the EPI, while the RET weight was not significantly affected by lipectomy. in both lipectomized and sham-operated groups, exercise training caused a reduction in carcass lipid content, food intake, RET and EPI weights, and RET lipogenesis rate. On the other hand, the exercise training increased the percentage of diet-derived lipid accumulation in both tissues, either in sham and lipectomized rats. These results confirmed that regrowth is not uniform and depends on the particular fat pad that is excised. They also demonstrated that exercise training following the partial removal of fat pads modified adipose tissue metabolism, impaired the replenishment of adipose tissue, and decrease body adiposity.
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    Exercise training prevents the deterioration in the arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in chronic heart failure patients
    (Amer Physiological Soc, 2015-05-01) Groehs, Raphaela Vilar; Toschi-Dias, Edgar; Antunes-Correa, Ligia de Moraes; Trevizan, Patricia Fernandes; Rondon, Maria Urbana Pinto Brandão; Oliveira, Patricia; Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes; Almeida, Dirceu Rodrigues de [UNIFESP]; Middlekauff, Holly R.; Negrao, Carlos Eduardo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Calif Los Angeles
    Arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (ABRMSNA) is impaired in chronic systolic heart failure (CHF). the purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training would improve the gain and reduce the time delay of ABRMSNA in CHF patients. Twenty-six CHF patients, New York Heart Association Functional Class II-III, EF <= 40%, peak (V) over dot O-2 <= 20 ml.kg(-1).min(-1) were divided into two groups: untrained (UT, n = 13, 57 +/- 3 years) and exercise trained (ET, n = 13, 49 +/- 3 years). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was directly recorded by microneurography technique. Arterial pressure was measured on a beat-to-beat basis. Time series of MSNA and systolic arterial pressure were analyzed by autoregressive spectral analysis. the gain and time delay of ABRMSNA was obtained by bivariate autoregressive analysis. Exercise training was performed on a cycle ergometer at moderate intensity, three 60-min sessions per week for 16 wk. Baseline MSNA, gain and time delay of ABRMSNA, and low frequency of MSNA (LFMSNA) to high-frequency ratio (HFMSNA) (LFMSNA/HFMSNA) were similar between groups. ET significantly decreased MSNA. MSNA was unchanged in the UT patients. the gain and time delay of ABRMSNA were unchanged in the ET patients. in contrast, the gain of ABRMSNA was significantly reduced [3.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2, arbitrary units (au)/mmHg, P = 0.04] and the time delay of ABRMSNA was significantly increased (4.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 1.0 s, P = 0.05) in the UT patients. LFMSNA-to-HFMSNA ratio tended to be lower in the ET patients (P < 0.08). Exercise training prevents the deterioration of ABRMSNA in CHF patients.
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    Exercise Training Reduces PGE(2) Levels and Induces Recovery from Steatosis in Tumor-bearing Rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-12-01) Lira, Fabio dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Yamashita, Alex Shimura; Carnevali, Luiz Carlos; Gonçalves, Daniela Caetano; Lima, Waldecir Paula; Rosa Neto, José Cesar [UNIFESP]; Caperuto, Erico Chagas; Rosa, Luis Fernando Bicudo Pereira Costa; Seelaender, Marilia Cerqueira Leite; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The effects of endurance training on PGE(2) levels and upon the maximal activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system were studied in rats bearing the Walker 256 carciosarcoma. Animals were randomly assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumor-bearing (ST), exercised control (EC), and as an exercised tumor-bearing (ET) group. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60% VO2 max) for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. We examined the mRNA expression (RT-PCR) and maximal activity (radio-assay) of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system enzymes (CPT I and CPT II), as well as the gene expression of fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP) in the liver. PGE(2) content was measured in the serum, in tumor cells, and in the liver (ELISA). CPT I and CPT II maximal activity were decreased (p < 0.01) in ST when compared with SC. in contrast, serum PGE(2) was increased (p < 0.05) in cachectic animals as compared with SC. in the liver, PGE(2) content was also increased (p < 0.05) when compared with SC. Endurance training restored maximal CPT I and CPT II activity in the tumor-bearing animals (p < 0.0001). Exercise training induced PGE(2) levels to return to control values in the liver of tumor-bearing training rats (p < 0.05) and decreased the eicosanoid content in the tumor (p < 0.01). in conclusion, endurance training was capable of reestablishing liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system activity associated with decreased PGE(2) levels in cachectic tumor-bearing animals, preventing steatosis.
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    Exercise training versus T3 and T4 hormones treatment: The differential benefits of thyroid hormones on the parasympathetic drive of infarcted rats
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Teixeira, Rayane Brinck; Zimmer, Alexsandra; de Castro, Alexandre Luz; Carraro, Cristina Campos; Casali, Karina Rabello [UNIFESP]; Machuca Dias, Ingrid Goncalves [UNIFEP]; Guerra Godoy, Alessandra Eifler; Litvin, Isnard Elman; Bello-Klein, Adriane; da Rosa Araujo, Alex Sander
    Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether beneficial effects of thyroid hormones are comparable to those provided by the aerobic exercise training, to verify its applicability as a therapeutic alternative to reverse the pathological cardiac remodeling post-infarction. Materials and methods: Male rats were divided into SHAM-operated (SHAM), myocardial infarction (MI), MI subjected to exercise training (MIE), and MI who received T3 and T4 treatment (MIH) (n=8/group). MI, MIE and MIH groups underwent an infarction surgery while SHAM was SHAM-operated. One-week post-surgery, MIE and MIH groups started the exercise training protocol (moderate intensity on treadmill), or the T3 (1.2 mu g/100 g/day) and T4 (4.8 mu g/100 g/day) hormones treatment by gavage, respectively, meanwhile SHAM and MI had no intervention for 9 weeks. The groups were accompanied until 74 days after surgery, when all animals were anesthetized, left ventricle echocardiography and femoral catheterization were performed, followed by euthanasia and left ventricle collection for morphological, oxidative stress, and intracellular kinases expression analysis. Key findings: Thyroid hormones treatment was more effective in cardiac dilation and infarction area reduction, while exercise training provided more protection against fibrosis. Thyroid hormones treatment increased the lipoperoxidation and decreased GSHPx activity as compared to MI group, increased the t-Akt2 expression as compared to SHAM group, and increased the vascular parasympathetic drive. Significance: Thyroid hormones treatment provided differential benefits on the LV function and autonomic modulation as compared to the exercise training. Nevertheless, the redox unbalance induced by thyroid hormones highlights the importance of more studies targeting the ideal duration of this treatment.
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    Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction induces molecular, mitochondrial, histological, and functional alterations in rat respiratory and limb skeletal muscle
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-03-01) Bowen, T. Scott; Rolim, Natale P. L.; Fischer, Tina; Baekkerud, Fredrik H.; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Werner, Sarah; Bronstad, Eivind; Rognmo, Oivind; Mangner, Norman; Linke, Axel; Schuler, Gerhard; Silva, Gustavo J. J.; Wisloff, Ulrik; Adams, Volker; Optimex Study Grp; Univ Leipzig; Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    AimsPeripheral muscle dysfunction is a key mechanism contributing to exercise intolerance (i.e. breathlessness and fatigue) in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); however, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown. We therefore used an animal model to elucidate potential molecular, mitochondrial, histological, and functional alterations induced by HFpEF in the diaphragm and soleus, while also determining the possible benefits associated with exercise training.Methods and resultsFemale Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a low (CON; n = 10) or high salt (HFpEF; n = 11) diet of 0.3% or 8% NaCl, respectively, or a high salt diet in combination with treadmill exercise training (n = 11). Compared with low-salt rats, high-salt rats developed (P < 0.05) HFpEF. Compared with CON, the diaphragm of HFpEF rats demonstrated (P < 0.05): a fibre type shift from fast-to-slow twitch; fibre atrophy; a decreased pro-oxidative but increased anti-oxidant capacity; reduced proteasome activation; impaired in situ mitochondrial respiration; and in vitro muscle weakness and increased fatigability. the soleus also demonstrated numerous alterations (P < 0.05), including fibre atrophy, decreased anti-oxidant capacity, reduced mitochondrial density, and increased fatigability. Exercise training, however, prevented mitochondrial and functional impairments in both the diaphragm and soleus (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings are the first to demonstrate that HFpEF induces significant molecular, mitochondrial, histological, and functional alterations in the diaphragm and soleus, which were attenuated by exercise training. These data therefore reveal novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic treatments of exercise intolerance in HFpEF.
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    Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2011-08-24) Lira, Fabio Santos de [UNIFESP]; Yamashita, Alex S.; Rosa Neto, José Cesar [UNIFESP]; Tavares, Fabio L.; Caperuto, Erico; Carnevali, Luiz C.; Pimentel, Gustavo Duarte [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]; Batista, Miguel L.; Laviano, Alessandro; Rossi-Fanelli, Filippo; Seelaender, Marilia; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Sapienza Univ Rome
    Aim: We tested the effects of a cancer cachexia-anorexia sydrome upon the balance of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus of sedentary or trained tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats.Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), and sedentary pair-fed (SPF) groups or, exercised control (EC), exercised tumour-bearing (ET) and exercised pair-fed (EPF) groups. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60%VO(2max)) for 60 min/d, 5 days/wk, for 8 wks. We evaluated food intake, leptin and cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL1 beta) levels in the hypothalamus.Results: the cumulative food intake and serum leptin concentration were reduced in ST compared to SC. Leptin gene expression in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was increased in SPF in comparison with SC and ST, and in the mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT) the same parameter was decreased in ST in relation to SC. Leptin levels in RPAT and MEAT were decreased in ST, when compared with SC. Exercise training was also able to reduce tumour weight when compared to ST group. in the hypothalamus, IL-1 beta and IL-10 gene expression was higher in ST than in SC and SPF. Cytokine concentration in hypothalamus was higher in ST (TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, p < 0.05), compared with SC and SPF. These pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations were restored to control values (p < 0.05), when the animals were submitted to endurance training.Conclusion: Cancer-induced anorexia leads towards a pro-inflammatory state in the hypothalamus, which is prevented by endurance training which induces an anti-inflammatory state, with concomitant decrease of tumour weight.
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    Os impactos da covid-19 no sistema cardiorrespiratório e a importância do exercício físico para a recuperação
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022) Teixeira, Lucas Antônio Conde [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3780643805093220; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: Apesar de ser uma doença nova, alguns estudos já evidenciaram a presença de algumas alterações importantes no sistema cardiorrespiratório de indivíduos que foram acometidos pela COVID-19. Por outro lado, é sabido que o treinamento físico, principalmente o aeróbico, tem efeitos bastante significativos nesse sistema. Objetivo: Analisar os impactos causados pela COVID-19 no sistema cardiorrespiratório e verificar os efeitos do treinamento físico nessas alterações. Métodos: O trabalho consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados: PUBMED (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health), SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) e LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde). Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: sistema cardiorrespiratório, exercício físico e COVID-19. Como critérios de inclusão: artigos de revisão e originais publicados em Português, Inglês e Espanhol. Resultados: A busca totalizou 20 estudos científicos. Destes, 7 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos e analisados. Os principais achados demonstraram que a lesão pulmonar causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 leva à hipoxemia, em que a pressão parcial de oxigênio circulante e a saturação de oxigênio diminuem continuamente, levando ao acúmulo de radicais livres de oxigênio, ácido lático e outros metabólitos, os quais, circulando pelo corpo inteiro, tornam inevitáveis as lesões celulares do miocárdio. Assim, a lesão cardíaca pode ocorrer também devido à descompensação entre a demanda exigida pela infecção e a capacidade de oferta de nutrientes e oxigênio pelo coração em que, para garantir o suprimento de metabólitos celulares sistêmicos e a demanda de energia, o bombeamento sanguíneo é intensificado, ocasionando disfunção e insuficiência cardíaca, e podendo resultar em infarto do miocárdio tipo 2. A prática constante de exercício estimula a homeostase do organismo causando adaptações ao mesmo, melhorando assim os prejuízos causados pela COVID-19 tanto nos pulmões quanto no tecido cardíaco, além de proteger o organismo de tais alterações, nos casos de indivíduos treinados previamente à contaminação por COVID-19. Conclusão: A COVID-19 causa diversas alterações no sistema cardiovascular, sendo as principais as lesões cardíacas e pulmonares, levando a completa alteração do funcionamento desse sistema, principalmente nos casos mais graves da doença. No entanto, já é sabido que a prática de exercício físico melhora o condicionamento físico melhorando assim o sistema cardiorrespiratório, atuando tanto como proteção para tais alterações quanto para a recuperação do mesmo.
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    Moderate exercise training modulates cytokine profile and sleep in elderly people
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-12-01) Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]; Viana, Valter Antonio Rocha [UNIFESP]; Boscolo, Rita Aurélia [UNIFESP]; Grassmann, Viviane [UNIFESP]; Santana, Marcos Gonçalves de [UNIFESP]; Lira, Fábio Santos de [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ So Santa Catarina
    Aging causes several physiological alterations, including alterations in sleep. It is possible that difficulty sleeping can be exacerbated by increased inflammation in older individuals. Moderate exercise training may be a modality of non-pharmacological treatment for sleep disorders and inflammation. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep in elderly people as well as their cytokine profiles. Additionally, we examined the effect of exercise training on quality of life parameters using a SF-36 questionnaire. Twenty-two male, sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 24 week at a work rate equivalent to their ventilatory aerobic threshold. the environment was kept at a temperature of 23 +/- 2 degrees C, with a humidity of 60 +/- 5%. Blood and polysomnograph were collected twice: at baseline (1 week before training began) and after 6 months of training. Training increased aerobic capacity parameters (p < 0.0001), decreased REM latency (p < 0.02), and decreased time awake (p <0.05). After training, the levels of IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.0001) and the ratio of TNF-alpha/IL-10 (p < 0.0001) were decreased, whereas IL-10 levels were increased after training (p < 0.001). Furthermore, exercise training was shown to improve quality of life parameters. Our results suggest that 6 months of training can improve sleep in the elderly and is related to the anti-inflammatory effect of moderate training, which modifies cytokine profiles. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Molecular basis for the improvement in muscle metaboreflex and mechanoreflex control in exercise-trained humans with chronic heart failure
    (Amer Physiological Soc, 2014-12-01) Antunes-Correa, Ligia de Moraes; Nobre, Thais Simões; Groehs, Raphaela Vilar; Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes; Fernandes, Tiago; Couto, Gisele Kruger; Rondon, Maria Urbana Pinto Brandão; Oliveira, Patricia; Lima, Marta; Mathias, Wilson; Brum, Patricia Chakur; Mady, Charles; Almeida, Dirceu Rodrigues de [UNIFESP]; Rossoni, Luciana Venturini; Oliveira, Edilamar Menezes de; Middlekauff, Holly R.; Negrao, Carlos Eduardo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Calif Los Angeles
    Previous studies have demonstrated that muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex controls are altered in heart failure (HF), which seems to be due to changes in cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and changes in receptors on afferent neurons, including transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) and cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1). the purpose of the present study was to test the hypotheses: 1) exercise training (ET) alters the muscle metaboreflex and mechanoreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in HF patients. 2) the alteration in metaboreflex control is accompanied by increased expression of TRPV1 and CB1 receptors in skeletal muscle. 3) the alteration in mechanoreflex control is accompanied by COX-2 pathway in skeletal muscle. Thirty-four consecutive HF patients with ejection fractions <40% were randomized to untrained (n = 17; 54 +/- 2 yr) or exercise-trained (n = 17; 56 +/- 2 yr) groups. MSNA was recorded by microneurography. Mechanoreceptors were activated by passive exercise and metaboreceptors by postexercise circulatory arrest (PECA). COX-2 pathway, TRPV1, and CB1 receptors were measured in muscle biopsies. Following ET, resting MSNA was decreased compared with untrained group. During PECA (metaboreflex), MSNA responses were increased, which was accompanied by the expression of TRPV1 and CB1 receptors. During passive exercise (mechanoreflex), MSNA responses were decreased, which was accompanied by decreased expression of COX-2, prostaglandin-E-2 receptor-4, and thromboxane-A(2) receptor and by decreased in muscle inflammation, as indicated by increased miRNA-146 levels and the stable NF-kappa B/I kappa B-alpha ratio. in conclusion, ET alters muscle metaboreflex and mechanoreflex control of MSNA in HF patients. This alteration with ET is accompanied by alteration in TRPV1 and CB1 expression and COX-2 pathway and inflammation in skeletal muscle.
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    Redução compensatória da atividade física espontânea e expressão hipotalâmica de orexina em camundongos: efeitos do exercício físico e idade
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-12-01) Quintanilha, Ana Carolina Silvares [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Camila Aparecida Machado de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4886067148875464; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0883669993598915; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A perturbação da homeostase energética por meio do exercício físico (EF) pode desencadear um mecanismo de compensação que diminui a atividade física espontânea (AFE), reduzindo assim a efetividade de estratégias que se utilizam do EF para aumento do gasto energético diário ou para reduzir os danos oriundos do comportamento sedentário. O mecanismo pelo qual o sistema nervoso central (SNC) monitora o exercício e o gasto energético associado a ele não é plenamente conhecido. A orexina é um neuropeptídeo diretamente envolvido com a homeostase energética, atuando em diversos núcleos encefálicos no controle da alimentação e do gasto energético, estando também intimamente ligada à AFE. A fim de verificar os efeitos da manipulação de intensidade, volume e treinamento sobre a compensação da AFE em resposta ao exercício físico, camundongos C57bl/6 realizaram exercício agudo em esteira nas intensidades de 25, 50 e 75% da capacidade máxima individualizada, a volumes de 20, 30 e 40 minutos. Parte desses animais também realizou treinamento contínuo de 8 semanas. Os camundongos tiveram sua AFE monitorada antes e depois das sessões agudas. Além disso, analisamos a expressão de orexina no hipotálamo lateral desses animais para verificar seu possível envolvimento na redução compensatória da AFE pós-exercício. Nossos resultados indicam que a compensação não segue um padrão dose-resposta face à manipulação de parâmetros do exercício físico em intensidade ou volume. O treinamento também não foi capaz de reduzir a compensação na AFE pós-exercício tanto em animais jovens, quanto de meia-idade. Embora diretamente ligada aos processos de AFE, não foi possível associar a expressão hipotalâmica lateral de orexina com os níveis de compensação devido a uma grande variação intra e intergrupo, indicando que serão necessários mais estudos sobre orexina na área do exercício físico. Por fim, nossos resultados sugerem que um exercício de maior duração e intensidade moderada seja mais eficaz para obtenção de um balanço energético negativo, uma vez que a compensação da AFE foi semelhante a que ocorreu após um exercício de curta duração.