Repositório Institucional - Unifesp :: Navegando por Palavras-chave "Ethnography"

Navegando por Palavras-chave "Ethnography"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento para tuberculose: uma etnografia no Instituto Clemente Ferreira - São Paulo/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-09-18) Posses, Isabela Pellacani Pereira das [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]; Matsue, Regina Yoshie [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0117573990594433; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1474930426841995; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2656572425835545; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Esta dissertação visa compreender a adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose sob o ponto de vista dos pacientes e profissionais de saúde por meio de uma aproximação etnográfica em um ambulatório de atenção terciária à pessoas com tuberculose da cidade de São Paulo/SP, o Instituto Clemente Ferreira. A pesquisa de campo desenvolveu-se de junho a dezembro de 2014 e foram utilizadas as técnicas da observação participante e entrevistas. O material empírico foi interpretado pela perspectiva das ciências socias aplicadas à saúde. Os resultados deste trabalho nos possibilitou compreender um pouco da concepção de doença que os pacientes possuem, qual o impacto que a tuberculose causa no cotidiano deles, como lidam com a necessidade de realizar um tratamento, quais elementos incentivam ou impedem a adesão ao tratamento e ainda como os profissionais de saúde dessa instituição prestam assistência a esses pacientes e suas atitudes e percepções sobre aqueles pacientes que descontinuam o tratamento. Destaca-se que o processo de adesão não diz respeito apenas a ingestão diária de medicação, mas, sobretudo, ao contexto socio-cultural onde o tratamento acontece e a postura de profissionais de saúde que desconsideram a complexidade desse fenômeno e assim rotulam e marginalizam aqueles pacientes que descontinuam o tratamento.
Somente Metadadados
A concepção do cuidado em saúde mental a partir dos relatos de usuários de um CAPS: uma abordagem etnográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-31) Medeiros, Victor Hugo Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Maria Inês Badaró [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
This study begins with the report of the Brazilian experience in Mental Health field, the history of closing the insane asylums and its social process called deinstitutionalization in the city of Santos, Sao Paulo. The conception and creation of community services to substitute the old structures and the incorporation of public policies which emphasizes the universal access to health services and integrality in mental healthcare are portrayed. The main goal of the research is to comprehend the conceptions of users (or citizens) of mental healthcare, and following up on how those conceptions create relations out of the experiences in a community mental health service (CAPS) in Santos, Sao Paulo, and out of the Italian deinstitutionalization works. Articles, theses and dissertations analysis with users of those services point to many strong abilities of the institution regarding the community-centered care, hospitality, liberty and advocacy in rights and guarantees. Medication, health care access and the relationship between users, professionals and services are important points of analysis, balanced between meaningful life related activities and being captured on those services. Regarding methodology, an ethnographic approach was used along with the participant observation. The field was a community health care unit and its everyday scenes, in order to be connected with the way of producing mental health care. Focus group with eight users of the service was conducted, field diaries were widely used. Those methodological approaches gathered data which were processed by thematic analysis, and revealed the therapeutic potential of the actions at the CAPS, with relevant thoughts on the a) inside/outside frontiers and barriers on the unit, b) the complexity in the user-professional relationship and c) the social mandate of the health services. We enlight the need of listening to the actual needs of the users in order to develop reasonable therapeutic projects and promote direct and meaningful participation of the users in the everyday decisions of the service. Transformation is welcome and fundamental to new experiences and inventions in Mental Health, such as hospitality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descaminhos das escrituras antropológicas da dor
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-10) Ribeiro, Michelli De Souza [UNIFESP]; Sarti, Cynthia Andersen [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
This work seeks to present some of the particularities of ethnographic work located in ethnographic regions tensioned by the consequences of State violence perpetrated during the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) and military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983). It took as an ethnographic field what, in the course of my master's research, I named as anthropological writings on pain, that is, the analysis of ethnographic texts that embody memories and experiences of mourning, pain and suffering experienced by victims and/or relatives of victims of state violence and witnessed by anthropologists in the field. Observing the trails, the gaps and folds of the speeches and narratives of these texts, it questioned the moral and emotional effects of these research experiences on the researchers, paying attention to the way these moral and emotional reactions to pain and vulnerabilities of others unfolded on ethical and epistemological issues for the field of anthropological research thus situated. The connections made between these texts throughout the research were thus subsidized by an analysis focused on the peculiarities of the values, feelings and moralities that cross the daily relations established between anthropologists and their interlocutors in the course of field research, and the moral agency of suffering that seems to be implicated in the possible compromises of various orders - moral, emotional and political - of these researchers in relation to the demands for empathy and recognition of those who suffer and occupy the public sphere with their suffering, claiming truth, justice and reparation for their pain.
Somente Metadadados
O desempenho escolar de alunos da periferia: elementos para uma etnografia de construção de representações sobre fracasso escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011) Mecena, Elizane Henrique de [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Marcos Cezar de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6855478178963979; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2577218370216575; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This paper aims to comprehend the representants parents, students, teachers and education professionals from a suburb school in a big city have concerning school failure. The chosen approach considered urban researches (VELHO and KUSCHNIR, 2003) because it is believed the school not as an institution apart from the social dynamic as a whole. In order to engage this action, a theoretical-methodological hub was taken for the social configuration study (ELIAS, 2000, LAHIRE, 2004), of the interdependencies and the social relations complexities that may exist in the phenomenon called school failure from suburb students (LAHIRE, 2004). The ethonography (GEERTZ 2008; WOODS 1987,1999 ), together with its researches sources was the prioritized tool to engage an participative research (WHYTE, 2005) which would be able to unravel the representants of the involved groups had in the neighborhood, the school and in possible students profiles (KAPLAN 2009) towards the evaluations from the central state education organ. This organ states to be able to see with this evaluation the development of its schools units as a portrait (picture). Therefore, in the counter-face, the photography (DUBOIS, 1993; ADAMS, 2000; SONTAG 2003, COUTINHO, 2009; SOUTAGE 2010) was also present in this paper making it possible the analysis of an imagery speech which was shown, on the other hand, the site, the people and the school, also supplied conceptual elements where a greater approach was possible as a way to see the school used by the state organ. The use of the tools in the ethonograpical research, as well as the means brought by the camera contributed to make my approach even closer to the people who participated in this research and for me to be absorbed little by little by the community in a duality of belonging and also keeping me as a foreigner in the search to understand the found dynamics. The observations were written down in field notebooks, which were added to the applied structured and semi-structured survey questions contents and from the interviews transcriptions. I have organized groups and searched data in the files and in the school documents. This research was carried out in a suburb school that was evaluated by Saresp (Evaluation System of School Performance in São Paulo) as one the 100th worst schools from the state of São Paulo in performance in 2007. The study subjects were the groups from the morning and afternoon shifts from the 5th grade from elementary school until the 3rd year of high school , teachers, parents, students, and school professionals who participated in the research and made the analysis possible. The overall situation was analyzed according to BAUMAN (2003,2005,2008,2009); LAHIRE (2004); DUBET (2008). The analysis showed that who make the everyday school know the difficulties found in order to achieve school success, showed their feelings, their conflicts inside and outside the school to overcome the school failure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O desempenho escolar de alunos da periferia: elementos para uma etnografia de construção de representações sobre fracasso escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-08-23) Mecena, Elizane Henrique de [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Marcos Cezar de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This paper aims to comprehend the representants parents, students, teachers and education professionals from a suburb school in a big city have concerning school failure. The chosen approach considered urban researches (VELHO and KUSCHNIR, 2003) because it is believed the school not as an institution apart from the social dynamic as a whole. In order to engage this action, a theoretical-methodological hub was taken for the social configuration study (ELIAS, 2000, LAHIRE, 2004), of the interdependencies and the social relations complexities that may exist in the phenomenon called school failure from suburb students (LAHIRE, 2004). The ethonography (GEERTZ 2008; WOODS 1987,1999 ), together with its researches sources was the prioritized tool to engage an participative research (WHYTE, 2005) which would be able to unravel the representants of the involved groups had in the neighborhood, the school and in possible students profiles (KAPLAN 2009) towards the evaluations from the central state education organ. This organ states to be able to see with this evaluation the development of its schools units as a portrait (picture). Therefore, in the counter-face, the photography (DUBOIS, 1993; ADAMS, 2000; SONTAG 2003, COUTINHO, 2009; SOUTAGE 2010) was also present in this paper making it possible the analysis of an imagery speech which was shown, on the other hand, the site, the people and the school, also supplied conceptual elements where a greater approach was possible as a way to see the school used by the state organ. The use of the tools in the ethonograpical research, as well as the means brought by the camera contributed to make my approach even closer to the people who participated in this research and for me to be absorbed little by little by the community in a duality of belonging and also keeping me as a foreigner in the search to understand the found dynamics. The observations were written down in field notebooks, which were added to the applied structured and semi-structured survey questions contents and from the interviews transcriptions. I have organized groups and searched data in the files and in the school documents. This research was carried out in a suburb school that was evaluated by Saresp (Evaluation System of School Performance in São Paulo) as one the 100th worst schools from the state of São Paulo in performance in 2007. The study subjects were the groups from the morning and afternoon shifts from the 5th grade from elementary school until the 3rd year of high school , teachers, parents, students, and school professionals who participated in the research and made the analysis possible. The overall situation was analyzed according to BAUMAN (2003,2005,2008,2009); LAHIRE (2004); DUBET (2008). The analysis showed that who make the everyday school know the difficulties found in order to achieve school success, showed their feelings, their conflicts inside and outside the school to overcome the school failure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"A Divina Luz Que Ilumina As Criações": A Cultura Do Samba Autoral Na Comunidade Samba Da Vela
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-09-03) Augusto, Viviane Viola [UNIFESP]; Silva, Jose Carlos Gomes Da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This Research Deals With The Organization Of The Samba Da Vela Community, Whose Development Was Carried Out, Above All, By The Ethnographic Register. In The Course Of The Research, We Need To Use Other Media, Interviews And Audiovisual Records. The First Factor Of Analysis Was The Selection Criteria Of The Sambas To Integrate The Community Notebooks And, Consequently, The Factors For The Composer And Other Non-Musicians To Be Considered As Members Of The Community. After Analyzing These Items, A Brief Presentation Of The History Of Samba Da Vela And The Movement Of Samba Communities In São Paulo, We Did A Survey Of The Topics Presented In The Notebooks Of The Last Four Years, With The Objective Of Verifying How The Recurrent Themes Ensure The Criteria Analyzed And The Maintenance Of The Ideals Of The Samba Wheel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A escolarização em ambiente hospitalar: o direito e a vida entre a educação e a saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-09-13) Quiroga, Fernando Lionel [UNIFESP]; Covic, Amalia Neide [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
In this research, we defend the thesis that from the experience of schooling in hospital environment, specifically from the model of the mobile school, it is possible to return essential meanings to schooling. We start from the hypothesis that the notion of learning approaches, in this circumstance, the notion of vitality. The restitution of this original sense is due to the individual contact with the forms of knowledge that oppose themselves to the tradition of regular school, whose learning is mediated by structures that distance the student from learning objects - structure marked mainly by a character of impersonality. As during the treatment all dimensions of life are resized, it is assumed that the knowledges are also re-appropriated, in a different way. The main objective of this research program was to understand the experience of schooling of adolescents with cancer at the Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP) - Support Group for Adolescent and Child with Cancer (Graacc) / Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) . From a methodological point of view, this study was divided into three work fronts: i) survey of the theoretical framework; ii) ethnographic research; iii) data analysis. This enterprise resulted in two blocks that make up the whole of this thesis. In the first part, it is discussed, in a series of articles, notions that stand in the background of this investigation. The concept of biopolitics; The perspective of interpretative anthropology as a methodological possibility for studies of this nature; The study of the interface between hospital and school institutions; And the phenomenological possibility of the study about the relationship between health and disease are the major themes that make up this first block. The second part, or second movement, consisted in the writing of seven life stories, being 4 of adolescents and 3 of teachers (one being a coordinator). This endeavor represented an effort to show how life, during the treatment phase due to neoplastic disease, not only reshapes body, ethical and psychological aspects, but also allows the re-dimensioning of meanings related to the school from the experience of its continuity in the hospital environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estresse e Modos de Andar a Vida: uma contribuição de Canguilhem para a compreensão da Síndrome Geral de Adaptação
(Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo.Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública., 2012-09-01) Santos, Maurici Tadeu Ferreira dos [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Mara Helena de Andrea [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
With the help of Canguilhem - for whom man and environment, considered separately, cannot be normal - an ethnography was undertaken in a condominium located in the city of São Paulo, having as parameter the notion of normativity, according to which the organisms, in their interactions with the infidelities of the environment, develop norms for adaptation. During six months we interviewed 16 residents about their daily life activities and their ways of interpreting and facing events considered stressful. Given the close association with the living conditions of these residents, the approach proved to be adequate to capture the multiplicity of sensations mentioned by respondents. To adapt the analysis to Canguilhem's idea that life is polarity, we translated these sensations into the categories frustrating - gratifying and considered them as manners to engender ways of walking through life. Thus, we perceived that events considered pleasurable or painful, and referred to in a diffuse and nonspecific way, may trigger adaptive disorders often interpreted as stress by those who experience them.
Somente Metadadados
Ethnographic exercises as activities in public space: social occupational therapy in art, culture and politics
(Univ Sao Paulo, Escola De Enfermagem De Ribeirao Preto, 2016) Galvani, Debora [UNIFESP]; Barros, Denise Dias; Pastore, Marina Di Napoli; Sato, Miki Takao
Ethnographic exercises are discussed - as proposed by the Metuia Project/USP between 2007 and 2013 - as an activity able to enhance the recognition of the compound, plural and sometimes contradictory knowledge, but produced creatively in the intellectual and social do, in the interaction among students, occupational therapists, researchers and homeless people. It starts from the need to develop an understanding of the significant activities of artists working in the public spaces in Sao Paulo, as it persists as a plurality of meanings that the street acquires amid disputes of interests and cultural tensions, but also interconnections and creativity. The itinerant life and social areas' characteristics, combined with reflections of urban anthropology and ethnographic research favored the theoretical and practical teaching in dialogic territorial shares of social occupational therapy. This article is the result of reflections built from the research Circuits and religious practices in life trajectories of adult homeless people in city of Sao Paulo, associated with university extension project linked to Metuia Project/USP, called Point meeting and culture: social networks, culture and social occupational therapy. In conclusion, on the one hand, there is need for renewed reflection about the occupational therapist's place, considering the asymmetries of the relations in the construction of knowledge. On the other hand, it indicates that the produced activities, necessarily, in dialogical relations, only share meanings when inserted into the experience of the difference in consistent proposals with its own plasticity and in the middle of specific social and cultural contexts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experiências de vida de pacientes esquizofrênicos e seus familiares: uma perspectiva cultural da doença
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-04-28) Guimarães, Patricia Neves [UNIFESP]; Coviello, Denise Martin [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
A esquizofrenia é um dos principais transtornos psiquiátricos, cujas causas são ainda amplamente desconhecidas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as concepções socioculturais relacionadas à experiência subjetiva de pacientes esquizofrênicos e seus familiares, nos seguintes aspectos: a) estudar modelos explicativos e significados formulados por pacientes, familiares e comunidade para entender a esquizofrenia; b) descrever comportamentos e práticas populares de familiares utilizadas no processo do cuidado do paciente esquizofrênico; c) explorar a interação entre a família, o paciente esquizofrênico e a comunidade próxima. Foi realizada uma etnografia utilizando a observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade, abordando questões referentes às experiências e crenças de pacientes crônicos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e seus familiares, em tratamento no Ambulatório de Saúde Mental da cidade de Montes Claros. Foram entrevistados 46 indivíduos: 16 pacientes, 23 familiares e 07 membros da comunidade. Familiares e pacientes vivem em precárias condições socioeconômicas. Pacientes, familiares e a comunidade compartilham crenças semelhantes quanto à etiologia e curso da doença. A esquizofrenia, para pacientes e familiares, não é reconhecida como uma doença; ela é um transtorno de causa espiritual e tem como principais modelos explicativos o resguardo quebrado, os espíritos, o encosto e os feitiços. Os espíritos geracionais são vistos como responsáveis pela transmissão e manifestação da doença por hereditariedade. A doença passa de um membro para o outro por maldição. Pacientes e familiares buscam ajuda terapêutica, principalmente nos “curandeiros”, no espiritismo e nas igrejas evangélicas, o que nem sempre resulta em melhora. As “vozes” que os pacientes ouvem são interpretadas pelos familiares como vozes espirituais, possibilitando a perspectiva de um aspecto positivo na relação entre familiares e pacientes. A loucura, para pacientes, familiares e comunidade, está associada à inconsciência dos acontecimentos e atitudes em torno de si. Ser “louco” está relacionado ao uso de medicação antipsicótica, o que é uma barreira para a adesão ao tratamento. Não poder participar socialmente do mundo é uma fonte de sofrimento para os pacientes. O relacionamento familiar é permeado de agressividade e violência de ambos os lados. As famílias usam a violência: a) por medo; b) como defesa das agressões recebidas; c) para controle do comportamento do paciente; d) por acreditarem que as agressões dos pacientes são premeditadas; e) por não compreenderem o que acontece com os pacientes. O comportamento violento do paciente é visto como um problema de caráter moral. Na perspectiva da comunidade, o paciente esquizofrênico é perigoso e ameaçador. O contexto sociocultural deve ser considerado ao se pensar políticas de intervenção que priorizem a melhoria de vida para pacientes e familiares. As políticas públicas de saúde mental precisam lidar com os desafios das realidades locais, da dinâmica familiar e da violência, que estão inseridos no contexto do cuidado terapêutico. A etnografia realizada com pacientes, familiares e vizinhos mostrou a complexidade do cuidado do paciente esquizofrênico e necessária articulação de várias áreas do conhecimento para se ter uma aproximação mais realista da vida cotidiana dos participantes.
Somente Metadadados
Impactos do suicídio testemunhado no centro da metrópole de São Paulo: uma etnografia no hotspot Viaduto do Chá
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-17) Cornejo, Elis Regina Souza Peito Urtubia [UNIFESP]; Marquetti, Fernanda Cristina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Suicide is a multidetermined phenomenon that has distinct socially constructed meanings. historically. These conceptions, in turn, institute the way society deals with the suicide. It is a taboo theme and a kind of death that subverts the ways of dying in the West, a fact that increases sociocultural prejudice around the theme and makes it difficult to express from the grief and grief of the people who were impacted by a suicide: the survivors. Addressing the suicide that occurs on public roads, this research aimed to know what are the experiences of survivors witnessing suicide around the Tea Viaduct hotspot, place that is often used for suicide attempts in the center of the metropolis of São Paulo. Understanding the viaduct as a place of sociability, the use of ethnography in the city was the method chosen to unveil the symbolic processes of these survivors facing the act. As research instruments were used the participant observation, the field diary, the open interview with witnesses and photography as an audiovisual resource. The analysis was guided the contributions of Interpretive Anthropology in the dialogue with Suicidology authors to grasp the meanings, understandings and impacts of suicide in narratives and memories of those passers by. From the narratives of the survivors belonging to that place, four categories of analysis were built in order to list their different experiences in witnessing suicide: manifestation of interdiction, understanding of the suicide phenomenon, reactions to hotspot testimony and insights. The results show that the experience of the testimony of suicide on public roads explains the significance of this exposure in life of the surviving witnesses, especially when lived in the metropolis. Despite the similarities found in the experiences of survivors bereaved by suicide in general, the testimony of a suicide on public roads reserves its uniqueness, especially as regards the extent of the impacts and their collective meanings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Itinerários de sujeitos no contexto do cracke as variações do cuidado
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-04-14) Heise, Maira [UNIFESP]; Castro-Silva, Carlos Roberto de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0357820757162104; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2360762263821350; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The use of drugs is characterized as present practice since the beginning of mankind and currently its abuse achieved worrying dimensions, setting a picture as a public health problem. Care becomes one of the major axis driversof public policies aimed at people who use crackand its driving gains a variety of meanings that comes to the scene. The theme of this research is inserted in this context which investigated and analyzed the intinerary of the individuals who are crackusers and care demonstrations from their experience in the streets. This is a qualitative research using the ethnographic method using the document research and the participant observation as tools for recognizing the reality and valuation of the marked individuals through meetings held within five months of observation. Also, evaluations were prepared targeting deepening the knowledge of individuals. The field diaries were the main drivers of the entire analytical process using the analysis and interpretation of the information used to Depth Hermeneutics. The information was organized from the three levelsof analysis: social and historical analysis, formal analysis andinterpretation / reinterpretation. From this methodological reference emerged three axes which contribute to a better understanding of the itineraries: path of life and care, experience and office in the streets and the subjective production of care. It was noticed that the itineraries of those who use crackare a complex phenomenon to be subsumed into generality. The itineraries are simultaneous and natural resulting of life trajectories, variations in care expressions and contexts of different relationships which involve people as well as communities and institutions. Daily follow-up also allowed us an enlarged view of health care aiming promoting actions of life and the valuation of good meetings in micro political spaces.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O jeito de ser livreiro no Brasil: notas sobre o mercado de bens simbólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-22) Silva, Sergio Eduardo Sampaio [UNIFESP]; El Far, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This work is a conscious effort to put a light on the collective sentiment between the booksellers, that becomes evident in the way they act, feel and think between their peers. Historically and sociologically, the concept of habitus, investigated from the group's own memory, presents itself as an analytical tool to describe and reflect on the social configurations of the book market in each period of its history. Researching in the long term, about two hundred years of existence, it is possible to analyze the changes and the permanence of the general characteristics of the behavior of printer-editor-booksellers in Brazil. The present study shows that, over time, professionals have been (re) producing their own ways of making economic and symbolic exchanges between authors, intermediaries, and readers, directly interfering with the book's supply and demand. During the history of the way of being a bookseller, it is observed that, at first, a single person added several functions, both in practice (printing and selling), as well as symbolically (writing and editing). Over time, book professionals remained interdependent from the point of view of production and distribution but separated into three distinct sub-behaviors: printers associated themselves with the industrialists; editors with intellectuals; and the booksellers with merchants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mães Waldorf: gestação e parto na comunidade antroposófica
(Univ Estadual Paulista-Unesp, 2018) Bastos, Raquel Litterio de; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]
Recent research in the Social Sciences and Colective Health points to different forms in contemporary attitudes toward the act of giving birth. During a six-month period in 2013, we carried out an ethnographic study of anthroposophical healing in Demetria, a neighborhood in the city of Botucatu in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. In this paper we seek to draw reflections about the guidelines set out in Anthroposophy's romantic medicine as it applies to gestation and birth in a rural anthroposophical community and to the relationships established with biomedicine and with health services. Contact with mothers and pregnant women showed there to be an emotional grammar through which these women seek out physical purification and control of their bodies, as well as a religious silence when it comes to facing the pains of giving birth, as a form of showing courage. When they seek to access health services, expectations about the birth are found to be distant from the practices and conceptions of conventional medicine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Olhar e ouvir as crianças sob a perspectiva antropológica: significados das formas de comunicação de crianças na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021) Oliveira, Simone Carvalho de [UNIFESP]; Nakamura, Eunice [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5029273945514325; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859494185569376; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
O presente estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de Educação Infantil do município de Santos, tendo como objetivo geral, por meio do diálogo entre as Ciências Sociais, particularmente a Antropologia e a Saúde, investigar as formas de comunicação das crianças a partir dos aspectos socioculturais envolvidos. Buscou-se problematizar as interações das crianças, entre elas e com as adultas, e observá-las enquanto sujeitos sociais completos e em transformação. A pesquisa teve como base o método etnográfico, utilizando a técnica da observação participante, para compreender as crianças e a linguagem em um contexto sociocultural específico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as crianças se expressam o tempo todo na rotina da creche. Elas parecem brincar de se comunicar e é por meio dessa liberdade de manipular a comunicação que elas adquirem, elaboram, mas também produzem e expressam a cultura. As crianças transgridem as regras o tempo todo, dialogam com as adultas e seus pares por meio da linguagem padrão compartilhada, mas também parecem vivenciar a comunicação de maneira diferente, nem sempre compreendida ou considerada adequada pelas adultas. Elas operam gestos, sons, olhares, palavras, gritos, melodias, movimentos, isolados e combinados. Muitas dessas formas são consideradas inadequadas e, portanto, inibidas pelas adultas no seu papel de educadora. Outras formas de comunicação podem não ser reconhecidas pelas adultas por imprimir um caráter diferente do repertório cultural estabelecido. Porém, o que pode ser visto como uma maneira simplificada de se comunicar, na verdade, parece representar a dificuldade das adultas em reconhecer nas várias formas de comunicação das crianças o caráter dinâmico da cultura e o papel ativo que elas desempenham nesse processo de transformação criativa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os relatos do Caminho-Morte: etnografia e tradução de poéticas ameríndias
(Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo, 2012-12-01) Cesarino, Pedro De Niemeyer [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The article addresses aspects of the ethnography and the translation of the poetry of Amerindian peoples from the South American lowlands, particularly the Marubo (Javari valley, Amazon). I begin with a brief review of theoretical perspectives that are central to understanding the subject and go on to argue that the work of translational re-creation of songs and narratives derived from oral performances should be carried out in tandem with the work of conceptual translation. Finally, I provide a bilingual rendering of a long narrative testimony on posthumous fate and the formation of the Way of the Dead (The Reports of the Death-Path), as given by Marubo shaman Armando Cherõpapa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O remédio é o menor dos problemas: seguindo redes na adesão ao tratamento de aids
(Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo.Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública., 2014-06-01) Rossi, Pedro Santo [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This essay intends to question Bruno Latour’s methodological proposal. In research on people living with HIV and their adherence dilemmas, using Latour’s proposal, we sought to address the following issues: how does one bring the universes of people living with HIV closer, without fractioning their lives? How does one understand the relationship established between PLHIV (People living with HIV) and their medication without setting aside the issue of medication management from other experiences? Despite the obstacles, common to those who decide to follow certain itineraries (the dangers of the journey, as Brazilian author Guimarães Rosa would say), the research guided by the methodology proposed by Latour – the ethnographic methodology of the “Actor-Network Theory” – allowed us to follow the actors’ steps, although timidly and initially, without fractioning their lives and without making isolated cutouts, monitoring what happens in a network and is interconnected, interfering and suffering interference. The ethnography carried out led us through tortuous paths, forcing us to venture into confusing itineraries, networks of humans and non-humans, medications, swimming pools, NGOs, health care, and a network of relationships among people living with HIV, through the difficult paths that our interlocutors developed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Significados de Sofrimento e Dor: Visões de Profissionais e de Pessoas em Tratamento com Auriculopuntura e Toque Terapêutico
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-08-19) Ignatti, Carmencita [UNIFESP]; Nakamura, Eunice [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5029273945514325; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8728816440087687; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Os fenômenos de dor e sofrimento são desafiadores para pessoas, profissionais e serviços de saúde. Na busca de entender significados da relação entre sofrimento e dor, foram destacadas as causas que transcendem as dimensões biológicas e psicossomáticas, envolvendo fatores culturais subjacentes. A pesquisa etnográfica teve como objetivo geral investigar os significados de sofrimento e dor, na visão de profissionais e pessoas em tratamento por dois tipos de Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares (MAC)/Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS): o Toque Terapêutico e a Auriculoterapia. Os objetivos específicos foram compreender as percepções das pessoas em tratamento com o Toque Terapêutico ou Auriculoterapia sobre dor e sofrimento e identificar a atuação dos profissionais nesse modo de cuidado. Ao privilegiar a abordagem etnográfica, a pesquisa baseou-se na perspectiva hermenêutica de Geertz, centrando-se na observação mais aproximada e aprofundada, que permitisse um mergulho no universo pesquisado, visando à compreensão da intensidade que o sofrimento representa, bem como seu alcance nos aspectos pessoal, familiar e social. A pesquisa ocorreu no Centro Thermal da Lama Negra de Peruibe ou Lamario, designado como unidade de referência para atendimento com as PICS, após a implantação da Política Municipal de Práticas Integrativas (Lei 3587/2018). Os usuários foram atendidos por voluntários do Movimento de Educação Popular em Saúde (MOPS). Os profissionais da Auriculoterapia observados foram um médico e uma terapeuta holística e do Toque Terapêutico uma terapeuta holística. Foram selecionados doze usuários assim distribuídos: para Auriculoterapia com a terapeuta holística, seis iniciaram e três completaram o ciclo de sessões; para Auriculoterapia com médico, cinco mulheres completaram todas as sessões e para o Toque Terapêutico com a terapeuta holística, duas mulheres completaram os ciclos, sendo que uma usuária foi atendida com as duas práticas. As narrativas referiram reclamações semelhantes de dores rebeldes, limitantes, caminhantes, causadoras de transtornos emocionais, relacionais e sociais; histórico de infância pobre, difícil, com dificuldades no relacionamento familiar, incluindo abandono, perdas, violência física e moral e ainda sofrimentos físicos e psíquicos ao lidar com as limitações impostas em sua rotina; desgastes com a sucessão de consultas e medicações sem obtenção da cura esperada; ônus financeiro e efeitos indesejáveis que resultaram em agravamento de sua condição. Os profissionais se mostraram sensibilizados, estabelecendo conexões com os usuários, ultrapassando o distanciamento profissional, relacionando-se em horizontalidade, afetividade, atenção e interesse em apresentar opções de alívio, para além da terapêutica. Os resultados decorreram de um conjunto de ações agregadas à prática em si e que compreenderam o modo como as pessoas foram recepcionadas, escutadas, tratadas, orientadas e consideradas em sua inteireza e humanidade. Evidenciou-se a importância do modo de cuidado que favoreceu a interação entre usuários e profissionais estabelecendo uma relação afetiva baseada no acolhimento e na escuta, proporcionado um vínculo de confiança fundamental ao sucesso do tratamento e abrindo a possibilidade de resgatar a identidade social perdida, reintegrando essas pessoas à malha social da qual estavam apartadas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Stress em profissionais de enfermagem: um estudo etnográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-07-28) Martins, Maria das Graças Teles [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The aim of this study was to apprehend, by means of an ethnographic approach, the social representations of stress in nurses that work at the Intensive Therapy Unit and Surgical Unit in a public hospital of João Pessoa (PB). We intended to understand how nurses think, feel, elaborate, associate and represent stress in different contexts of their professional and social lives. Through narratives and verbal and non-verbal discourses of the interlocutors, we tried to verify how they elaborate what they call stress, associating and defining it in their social and cultural quotidian.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tempo, corpo e interações face a face: corporeidades de crianças com doenças crônicas neurológicas. Uma etnografia entre o hospital e a escola.
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-12) Marques, Mariana Pasqual [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Marcos Cezar De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This thesis investigated the logic that transforms certain singularities of the body of children with chronic neurological diseases into social vulnerabilities or sufferings. The ethnographic research was conducted between 2016 and 2017 at the pediatric neurology clinic of Hospital das Clinicas, in the city of São Paulo, and in a public school of early childhood education in the city of Embu das Artes, in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The field work was organized from experimental tables with a fixed transverse column (scenarios). This form of organizing, articulating and analyzing the ethnographic findings resulted from the encounter with the work “Practical Reasons - On the Theory of Action” of Pierre Bourdieu (1996). From the tables, the field research was articulated with the main theoretical references of this research: the interactionist literature of Erving Goffman (2012, 1981); the current debate on body and corporality, above all from Thomaz Csordas (2015); the readings that he and Loic Wacquan (2006, 2007) make of Pierre Bordieu (1983, 1996, 1998) and the notion of time constructed by Norbert Elias (1998). This articulation provided critical arguments regarding the naturalization of the logics of analysis and intervention that predominate in the experience of children with reduced mobility. This thesis integrates the set of research of LAEVI - Laboratory of Educational Anthropology and Infantile Vulnerabilities of Unifesp Guarulhos, and reaffirms the importance of studies of everyday life, of looking "inside" institutions - spaces and times in which the interactions constructed, lived and linked by symbolic networks and sociability, conform identities and their possibilities to exist. In the end, the research reaffirmed that the logic that produces vulnerabilities and social suffering in children with chronic neurological diseases and in their families, especially women-mothers, is binary, practical, linear, dualistic, adult-centric and the perpetuator of gender inequalities.

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