Navegando por Palavras-chave "Essential oils"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atividade antimicrobiana em óleos essenciais e suas aplicações na indústria de alimentos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-12-13) Silva, Natalia Pires da [UNIFESP]; Venturini, Anna Cecilia [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8531229038363609; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3415667504071906Os óleos essenciais são substâncias líquidas de origem vegetal que possuem grande importância na natureza relacionado a proteção das plantas. Na indústria são utilizados em diferentes segmentos, pela sua diversidade de aromas e poder de fixação de fragrâncias sendo utilizados na fabricação de cremes, perfumes e sabonetes; por possuírem propriedades terapêuticas digestivas, sedativas e analgésicas também são utilizados como medicamentos fitoterápicos. E pelas propriedades antimicrobianas de alguns óleos essenciais, vêm sendo muito explorados na indústria alimentícia, sendo utilizados como conservantes naturais, diminuindo a utilização de conservantes sintéticos como aditivos, onde além de aumentar a vida de prateleira dos alimentos, aumenta-se também a segurança alimentar. Na indústria de alimentos os óleos essenciais podem ser utilizados na conservação de alimentos como carnes, frutas e vegetais, leites e serem incorporados livremente ou encapsulados nas embalagens dos alimentos de forma a diminuir a contaminação destes por microrganismos e aumentar sua vida de prateleira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os óleos essenciais com maior potencial antimicrobiano para aplicações na indústria de alimentícia.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação da atividade biológica de metabólitos de Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), Plectranthus amboinicus e Plectranthus barbatus (Lamiaceae)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-02-19) Santos, Nara Oshiro dos [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This study aimed to identify substances with antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antitumor activities of extract and essential oil from the leaves of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown and evaluate the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of essential oils from leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng and Plectranthus barbatus Andrews. The major compounds identified in the essential oil of L. alba leaves were monoterpenes nerol/geraniol (27%) and neral/geranial (22%), the ketone, 6-methyl-5- hepten-2-one (12%) and sesquiterpene, (E)-caryophyllene (9%). This oil showed cytotoxic activity in vitro against B16F10 (murine melanoma) with IC50 of 45.82 µg/mL. Furthermore, it was found that the oil has antimicrobial activity in vitro, inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The dichloromethane phase obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of this species showed activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis with IC50 of 50.8 µg/mL and among the active groups of fractions were identified triterpenes mixture of oleanolic and ursolic acids, in addition to the steroid stigmasterol, all described in L. alba for the first time. The essential oil from leaves of P. amboinicus presented as major compounds carvacrol (38%), γ-terpinene (15%), (Z)-caryophyllene (14%) and p-cymene (12%), showing cytotoxic activity against B16F10 with IC50 similar to standard drug, however, twice more specific, in addition, showed antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, C. albicans, C. neoformans (serotype D), C. gattii (serotypes B and C) and S. cerevisiae. In turn, essential oil from leaves of P. barbatus presentes as major compounds (Z) -caryophyllene (18%), germacrene -D (17%), viridiflorene (14%), cyclosativene (10%) and α -pinene (9%), and has demonstrated activity against C. neoformans (serotype A) and C. gattii (serotype C).
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação dos efeitos dos constituintes de óleos essenciais (timol, carvacrol e p-cimeno) na inflamação pulmonar aguda induzida por instilação de LPS em camundongos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2015-05-05) Guerreiro, Marina Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Prado, Carla Maximo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a diffuse inflammatory response, due to activation of pro-inflammatory agents and oxidants. Despite the high mortality, which affects 40% of patients, there are no specific therapeutic tool for the treatment, which is still based in protective ventilation and in the treatment of the underlying disease and the use of corticosteroids. Extensive research and the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in compounds extracted from plants have been great scientific interest, since many biological effects are shown related to the treatment with medicinal pants. Aim: 1. To evaluate the effects of treatment with thymol, carvacrol and p-cymene, monoterpenes, derived from essential oils of Lippia gracillis e L. sidoides plants, in respiratory mechanics and pulmonary histopathology in an experimental model of acute lung injury (ALI); 2. To evaluate if the presence and/or the position of hydroxyl radical in the chemical structure interferes in the bioactivity of these compounds in the model studied. Methods: Male Balb/c mice received LPS or saline intratracheally. After 6 hours of instillation, animals were treated with thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene (doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg / kg intranasal), dexamethasone (5 mg / kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle. After 24 hours from the time of LPS instillation we evaluated: the respiratory mechanics; inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (Bhavnani and Ballow) and peripheral blood, and total protein levels and proinflammatory cytokines in BALF, isoprostane, NF-?B, and the amount of collagen fibers in the lung tissue. Results: We show first that 6 hours after instillation of LPS, the animals had increased pulmonary inflammation compared to the control, and that this response increased in 24 hours, however changes in lung mechanics occurred only in 24 hours. Then we determined by means of a dose response curve, that 20mg/Kg was the most effective dose for the reduction of neutrophils for the three compounds evaluated. We observed that treatment with the three components of essential oils improved the respiratory function, reduced the amount of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and BALF. Moreover, these treatments reduced the total protein content, IL-8 and IL-6 in BALF, the amount of collagen fibers and in the positive area of isoprostane in lung tissue. The cytokine IL-1? was not reduced by p-cymene compound and none of the compounds altered the levels of TNF-?. Moreover, thymol and carvacrol significantly reduced expression of P-65-NF-?B in the lung. These results were similar to those obtained with treatment with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Thymol and Carvacrol showed anti-inflammatory effect in a model of ALI, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and inhibiting the activation of p-65-NF-?B, suggesting that the position of the hydroxyl group in the chemical structure does not interfere with the biological effect in this experimental model. Although the p-cymene compound, which has no hydroxyl group in its chemical structure, has reduced lung inflammation and oxidative stress, the mechanisms involved were different from those observed in thymol and carvacrol, since it had no effect on the expression of NF -?B and levels of IL-1? in lung. Together our results suggest that these compounds have significant therapeutic interest to treat inflammatory lung diseases, particularly ARDS and further studies are needed to clarify the exactly mechanisms of action and the importance of the hydroxyl in its structure.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosChemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Chromolaena laevigata during Flowering and Fruiting Stages(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-04-01) Murakami, Cynthia; Lago, Joao H. G. [UNIFESP]; Perazzo, Fabio F. [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Karen S. [UNIFESP]; Lima, Marcos E. L.; Moreno, Paulo R. H.; Young, Maria C. M.; Inst Bot; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)The chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from the leaves, stems, capitula, and cypselas of Chromolaena laevigata were evaluated at two different phenological stages, flowering and fruiting. Thirty-eight compounds were identified in the crude oils by GC/MS. the sesquiterpene laevigatin was the major constituent of the leaf, capitulum, and cypsela oils, while the sesquiterpene spathulenol was the main component in the stem oils. the antimicrobial activities of the oils were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Stem oil obtained from Chromolaena laevigata during the fruiting stage generally showed the highest activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5g/ml against Candida albicans and S. aureus, and 500g/ml against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Pure laevigatin exhibited MIC values of 500 and 125g/ml against C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively, indicating that this constituent could be responsible, at least in part, for the antimicrobial activities detected in the crude oils. More studies concerning the biological activities of isolated derivatives are required to improve our knowledge of the antimicrobial potential of volatile compounds present in native plants.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais: estudo químico e avaliação biológica da atividade biológica das espécies Allophylus edulis e Guarea macrophylla(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-04-28) Ribeiro Filho, Waldemar Alves [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The plant species are a number of sources of volatile substances of low molecular mass, known as secondary metabolites or natural products. The use of many of these metabolites, such as pharmaceuticals or antifungal agents has stimulated research on the plant species to be described from the point of view phytochemical by the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Many of the drugs used in therapy today are derived from plants, and the search for species with antimicrobial and antitumor properties have been intensified in recent years due to the increasing problems associated with the use of various antibiotics. This project aims to study the chemical and biological evaluation of essential oils extracted from two plant species: Allophylus edulis and Guarea macrophylla. This work included the collection of plant species, obtaining essential oils from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in Clevenger type apparatus, the identification of the chemical constituents and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Plants were selected taking into consideration the accessibility and availability of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Itutinga - Pilões in the city of Cubatão, and in the case of A. edulis, weighed up the lack of scientific studies detailing the chemical composition of volatile oils and biological activity. Gas chromatography was chosen as the analytical technique to effect the separation of the chemical constituents and mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of them. As a parameter for this determination was proposed the use of Kovatz Retention Index (KI), which compares the retention time of a complex mixture with the retention time of a series of alkanes, allowing for a later comparison with values tabulated in the literature. For the first time it was performed the analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils of A. edulis. Evaluated for antimicrobial activity, essential oils of the two species were inactive. Regarding the evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of the species A. edulis and G. macrophylla showed good activity against the murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Revisão bibliográfica sobre comparação de metodologias convencionais de extração de óleos essenciais(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-11-22) Costa, Leonardo Duarte da [UNIFESP]; La Scalea, Mauro Aquiles [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7658650469184706Óleos essenciais de origem vegetal têm sido cada vez mais utilizados, não só como matéria-prima em diversos tipos de produtos de higiene e limpeza, mas também como alternativa no tratamento de problemas da saúde pela população em geral. Por terem baixo rendimento na extração, a escolha do método a ser utilizado é de extrema importância na indústria, uma vez que, falhas nesta etapa do processo podem influenciar na qualidade e também na quantidade de óleo essencial extraído. Atualmente, empresas de saúde e beleza tem sido alvo de críticas por não possuírem práticas de negócios ambientalmente amigáveis. No entanto, com o avanço do movimento de sustentabilidade, esse setor se tornou cada vez mais consciente da necessidade urgente de mudança. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é reunir os métodos de extração de óleos essenciais, traçando uma comparação entre métodos convencionais e sustentáveis, além da viabilidade das técnicas encontradas. Os métodos de extração abordados foram a hidrodestilação, a extração por solventes orgânicos, a prensagem a frio, a extração por micro-ondas, a extração por ultrassom e por fim, a extração por solventes verdes. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando artigos científicos e livros sobre o tema, foram traçadas as principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada método. Os principais critérios avaliados foram: a pureza e diversidade dos extratos obtidos, gastos econômicos envolvidos, alinhamento com os princípios da Química Verde e o interesse das indústrias nas metodologias escolhidas.