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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise química e biológica dos constituintes fixos e voláteis de Casearia sylvestris sw. (Salicaceae)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2013-10-05) Bou, Diego Dinis [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The present work aimed at the isolation of the chemical constituents of C. sylvestris (Salicaceae), as well as evaluating the cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines and assays for detection of anti-Leishmania activity and anti-Trypanosoma, beyond the description of constituents the essential oil, the major component structural modification and evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of oil and its derivatives. The hexane phase obtained from MeOH extract of leaves of C. sylvestris was subjected to fractionation steps on Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, CCDP and HPLC gel. After several purification steps were identified by spectroscopic techniques, casearins A, B, G, J, and a novel diterpene clerodane-dinor. The cytotoxic effect of these compounds was evaluated against tumor cell lines (B16F10, A2058, HL-60, HCT, MCF7, HeLa cells) using the MTT method, and the activity of anti-Leishmania promastigotes front L. braziliensis, L. amazonensis, L. infantum and anti-Trypanosoma activity against T. cruzi. The tests showed that the antiparasitic casearins showed EC50 values very significant for promastigotes of Leishmania, but also showed high toxicity. Stood out however, the activities against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi with EC50 = 0.53 g / mL for J. casearin was also observed that casearins cause changes in the permeability of the plasma membrane of T. cruzi through the trials of spectrofluorometry. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that the isolated casearins also showed promising results EC50 for tumor cell lines tested, suggesting that the cytotoxic activity is directly related to casearins. The oil 23 comprises substances proved, and the -zingiberene the major component (48%). The cytotoxic Oil analysis showed that addition of the crude oil, zingiberene and derivatives also exhibited cytotoxic activity. The results suggest a potential for the prototypes of antitumor drugs and antiparasitic, from casearins and zingiberene.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(-)-carvone in the elevated T-maze(Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2012-03-01) Hatano, Viviane Yumi [UNIFESP]; Torricelli, Aline Serra [UNIFESP]; Giassi, Ana Catarina Casari; Coslope, L.a.; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); University of Ottawa Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Parque Nacional da Chapada DiamantinaLippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) is widely used in different regions of Central and South America as a tranquilizer. The plant’s anxiolytic properties, however, merit investigation. The present study evaluated the effects of repeated daily (14 days) intraperitoneal (ip) treatment with an essential oil (EO) from a chemotype of L. alba (LA, chemotype II, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg; N = 6-8) and (R)-(-)-carvone (25 mg/kg; N = 8-12), the main constituent of this chemotype, on male Wistar rats (weighing 250 g at the beginning of the experiments) submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM allows the measurement of two defensive responses: inhibitory avoidance and one-way escape. In terms of psychopathology, these responses have been related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder, respectively. Treatment with the EO impaired ETM avoidance latencies, without altering escape, in a way similar to the reference drug diazepam (P < 0.05) (avoidance 2: control = 84.6 ± 35.2; EO 12.5 mg/kg = 11.8 ± 3.8; EO 25 mg/kg = 14.6 ± 2.7; diazepam = 7 ± 2.1). (R)-(-)-carvone also significantly altered this same response (P < 0.05; avoidance 1: control = 91.9 ± 31.5; carvone = 11.6 ± 1.8; diazepam = 8.1 ± 3.3). These results were not due to motor changes since no significant effects were detected in an open field. These observations suggest that LA exerts anxiolytic-like effects on a specific subset of defensive behaviors that have been implicated in generalized anxiety disorder, and suggest that carvone is one of the constituents of LA responsible for its action as a tranquilizer.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAnxiolytic-like effect of sweet orange aroma in Wistar rats(Elsevier B.V., 2010-05-30) Faturi, Claudia de Brito [UNIFESP]; Leite, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Alves, Pericles Barreto; Canton, Adriane Conte; Teixeira-Silva, Flavia; Univ Fed Sergipe; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils as an alternative treatment for medical purposes. Despite the lack of sufficient scientific proof, it is considered a holistic complementary therapy employed to enhance comfort and decrease distress. Citrus fragrances have been particularly used by aromatherapists for the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Based on this claim, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) essential oil on Wistar, male rats evaluated in the elevated plus-maze followed by the light/dark paradigm. the animals were exposed to the orange aroma (100, 200 or 400 mu l) for 5 min while in a Plexiglas chamber and were then immediately submitted to the behavioural tests. At all doses, C. sinensis oil demonstrated anxiolytic activity in at least one of the tests and, at the highest dose, it presented significant effects in both animal models, as indicated by increased exploration of the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (time: p = 0.004: entries: p = 0.044) and of the lit chamber of the light/dark paradigm (time: p = 0.030). in order to discard the possibility that this outcome was due to non-specific effects of any odour exposure, the behavioural response to Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil was also evaluated, using the same animal models, but no anxiolytic effects were observed. These results suggest an acute anxiolytic activity of sweet orange essence, giving some scientific support to its use as a tranquilizer by aromatherapists. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atividade citotóxica in vitro dos metabólicos das folhas de Piper cernuum vell (Piperaceae) e derivados monoterpênicos naturais e semissintéticos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2013-08-23) Capello, Tabata Molero [UNIFESP]; Lago, João Henrique Ghilardi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)No presente trabalho foi realizado o estudo químico biomonitorado pela atividade citotóxica (células tumorais B16F10-Nex2) do extrato metanólico das folhas de Piper cernuum vell. (Piperaceae). Para tanto, o extrato bruto foi submetido à cromatografia em coluna (SiO2) com diferentes fases móveis (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol). Após a separação em onze grupos (A – K), estes foram analisados frente ao potencial citotóxico, dos quais apenas três grupos (D, F e G) apresentaram atividade e foram novamente purificados através de cromatografia de camada delgada preparativa. Tal procedimento permitiu o isolamento dos seguintes compostos: ácido 3,4-dimetoxidiidrocinâmico (I), piplaróxido (II) e 4-hidroxi-3,5-dimetoxidiidrocinamato de metila (III), sendo que as estruturas foram definidas através de análise dos respectivos espectros de RMN de 1H e de 13C além de EM. Todos os compostos isolados foram analisados quanto atividade citotóxica frente a células tumorais B16F10-Nex2 (melanoma murino), A2058 (melanoma humano), HeLa (carcinoma cervical), HL-60 (leucemia), U-87 (glioblastoma humano) e HCT (carcinoma ileocecal-cólon), porém apenas o composto (II) mostrou uma concentração inibitória (CI50) de 58 µg/mL para linhagem B16F10-Nex2 (melanoma murino), enquanto que todos os outros compostos isolados não mostraram potencial citotóxico para nenhuma linhagem (CI50 ≥ 100 g/mL). Adicionalmente, o óleo volátil das folhas de P. cernuum foi extraído por arraste a vapor utilizando aparelho de Clevenger e analisado por CG-EM, o que possibilitou a identificação de dezenove compostos, dentre os quais β-elemeno, biciclogermacreno e (E)--cariofileno foram os compostos majoritários. Do mesmo modo que os compostos isolados do extrato bruto, o óleo volátil também foi analisado quanto à atividade citotóxica in vitro frente às mesmas linhagens tumorais citadas acima, apresentando potencial em todas as linhagens (CI50 variando de 15,5 ± 3,5 a 30 ± 2 µg/mL). Além disso, nesse trabalho foi avaliada a atividade citotóxica de onze monoterpenos naturais (α-pineno, β-pineno, canfeno, limoneno, carvacrol, timol, p-cimeno, mirceno, linalol, α-terpineol e mentol) frente às linhagens tumorais B16F10-Nex2 (melanoma murino), A2058 (melanoma humano), HeLa (carcinoma cervical) e HL-60 (leucemia), sendo os derivados α-pineno, β-pineno, canfeno, limoneno, carvacrol e timol os mais ativos. Foram preparados seus derivados semissintéticos hidrogenados (canfano e p-mentano) e acetilados (acetatos de carvacrol e de timol), cujas estruturas foram identificadas por análises dos espectros de RMN 13C e EM. Tais compostos semissintéticos foram também analisados quanto à atividade citotóxica frente às mesmas linhagens tumorais dos monoterpenos naturais, mostrando-se ativo apenas para o composto semissintético p-mentano (CI50 28 ± 6 µg/mL) o qual mostrou atividade similar ao monoterpeno natural limoneno (CI50 33 ± 3 µg/mL).
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Behavioral effects of essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. inhalation in rats(Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2008-12-01) Leite, Mariana P. [UNIFESP]; Fassin Junior, Jaime [UNIFESP]; Baziloni, Eliane Maria de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Reinaldo Nobrega de; Mattei, Rita [UNIFESP]; Leite, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal da Paraíba Laboratório de Tecnologia FarmacêuticaThe orange essential oil (OEO) and its components obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) has been attracting interest due to its sedative and relaxing actions. In the present study, rats previously exposed to OEO at the concentrations of 1.0%; 2.5% and 5.0%, w/w, by inhalation during 7 minutes in acrylic boxes were evaluated in two anxiety models: elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field. The OEO at the concentration of 2.5% increased both the time of the animals in the open arms of the EPM and the time of active social interaction in the open-field being longer than that of the diazepam group (1.5 mg/kg i.p). In conclusion, the decrease in the level of emotionality of the animals observed in the two experimental models suggests a possible central action, which is in agreement with the phytochemical profile of the oil under study, since it showed the presence of limonene (96.24%) and mircene (2.24%), components with a well-known depressant activity on the central nervous system.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Duguetia lanceolata St. -Hil (Annonaceae): composição química da fração alcaloídica e do óssencial e avaliação da atividade anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e antimicrobiana(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-04-03) Dantas, Erick Pereira [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The Annonaceae family is composed by 135 genus and 2500 species; 34 of these can be found in South America. Among these, 29 take place in Brazil, including the Duguetia genus with 50 of the 80 classified species. The specie selected for this study was Duguetia lanceolata, known popularly as "pindaiva" or "ateira-da-mata", occurs in the Brazil, in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest, Seasonal Semideciduos Forest, Riparian Forest, Padulosa Forest and Cerrado. The present work aims to evaluate the antiparasitic (Trypanossoma cruzi) and antifungal potential (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) of alkaloids and other fixed and volatile metabolites isolated from the leaves of D. lanceolata. The crude extract was subjected to acid-base extraction yielding the alkaloid extract (EA). EA was subjected to column chromatography using flash silica yielding fifteen fractions. Fractions EA9 and EA10 were selected after confirmation of alkaloids in these fractions by Dragendorff. EA9 and EA10 were subjected to other chromatographic procedures as flash silica chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and HPLC-MS. After these steps, it was possible to isolate 2 fixed compounds, glaucine (aporphic alkaloid) and litholide (lactone) and to separate and identify other 13 fixed compounds, 3 aporphinal alkaloids (glaucine, 7-hydroxydehydroglaucine, dehydroglacaine, norglaucine and boldine), 3 oxoaporfine alkaloids (liriodenine, oxoglaucine and lanuginosine), 2 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (ipanguline B2 and isoipanguline B2), 2 sesquiterpenes (capsidiol and β-caryophyllene), and 2 aromatic compounds (1,3,5-trimethoxybezene and one unknown). All these compounds were characterized and identified by uni- and bidimensional spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry and compared to the literature. Glaucine and loliolide were evaluated for antiparasitic potential and cytotoxicity. For the trypomastigotes the two substances presented similar activity > 150.0 μM. For the amastigotes the lololide presented activity of > 30.0 μM that is greater than that of the glaucina of 80.7 μM. As for cytotoxicity, the two were not considered cytotoxic due to values > 200.0 μM. The essential oil of the leaves of Duguetia lanceolata was analyzed for its chemical composition by CG-FID and CG-MS, as result 13 compounds were identified corresponding to 83.73% of the total oil composition with bisabolene (24.87%), germacrene-D (18 , 60%) and gurjuren α (12.08%) as major compounds. For the isolation of the major compounds, the essential oil was subjected to chromatographic procedure by silica normal phase column soaked with AgNO3, obtaining 12 fractions. The DLO 3 fraction was subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography, affording 5 subfractions. After analysis of the NMR ¹H and ¹³C spectrums of the fraction DLO3-4 and DLO-5. They are shown to be constituted by the epoxy-caryophyllene and β-bisabolene, respectively. The potential antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, fractions and subfractions were evaluated against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Crude oil showed antimycotic activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The DLO 3 fraction demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Although the subfractions DLO3-4 (ephoxi-caryophyllene) and DLO3-5 (β-bisabolene) have not demonstrated antimicrobial activity, in combination these subfractions showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, thus suggesting potential synergism between the compounds. Keywords: Duguetia lanceolata, alkaloids, anti-Trypanosoma activity, antimicrobial activity, essential oil. Keyword: Duguetia lanceolata, alkaloids, anti-Trypanosoma activity, antimicrobial activity, essential oil.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estudo químico e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais extraidos das especies Pimenta dioica (Myrtaceae) e Chenopodium ambrosioides (Amaranthaceae)(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-04-15) Phanord, Clerlune [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Currently infectious diseases remain one of the most serious public health problems and have caused many deaths. According to OMS, infectious diseases caused 14.7 million deaths in 2001, or 26% of total world mortality. Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928, many antibiotics are available in pharmacies, but despite the existence of these antibiotics, infectious diseases, instead of being completely eradicated are reappearing and also new infectious diseases have emerged. The causes of this problem are diverse: there are few specific antibiotics available, the treatment is very expensive, and the most disturbing: the microorganisms are increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, as a contribution to the discovery of new antibiotics, this study aimed to find new substances that might be prototypes of antimicrobial drugs, or at least an effective and low cost to fight these pathogens. Thus, the chemical study was proposed of the essential oils of the species Pimenta dioica (Myrtaceae) and Chenopodium ambrosioides (Amaranthaceae), and the evaluation of antimicrobial activity against various strains of bacteria and yeast. The majority of essential oil compounds of P. dioica were phenylpropanoids eugenol and chavicol beyond monoterpene myrcene, whereas for C. ambrosioides were monoterpenes: ascaridol and terpinene. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the tested strains showed sensitivity to the essential oil of P. dioica and the isolated compound eugenol, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC90 for both ranged from 0.25 mg/mL for E. faecalis and 1 mg/mL for all tested bacteria. The same concentration was valid for the of essential oil of P. dioica and eugenol. Only for tested Cryptococcus sp. showed sensitivity of 0.5 mg/mL to MIC90. With respect to C. ambrosioides essential oil and the main component ascaridol, the two were active only for E. coli with MIC90 of 2 mg/mL. Regarding the tested fungal strains, C. ambrosioides essential oil and monoterpene ascaridol were active for all strains tested. The MIC90 for crude oil C. ambrosioides was 0.25 mg/mL for all tested candidas, and in C. albicans theresult was positive at 0.50 mg/mL, and tested for Cryptococcus. The ascaridol showed MIC90 of 0.25 mg/mL for all the lines candidas except in C. Krusi which was 0.5 mg/mL, and in the case of Cryptococcus the MIC90 was 1 mg/mL.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosGinger Essential Oil Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2013-12-01) Damiao, Marcio Jose [UNIFESP]; Giannocco, Gisele [UNIFESP]; Grespan, Renata; Silva, Expedito Leite; Duarte, Janaina S. [UNIFESP]; Maciel, Rui Monteiro de Barros [UNIFESP]; Yamada, Alcileia Nunes; Bersani-Amado, Ciomar Aparecida; Cuman, Roberto Kenji Nakamura; Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Purpose: To investigate the effect of ginger essential oil (GEO) in an experimental model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.Methods: Male mice were divided into treatment six groups (n = 7), namely: Groups I (saline), II and III (cisplatin, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) euthanized in 3th and 6th days, respectively, and IV, V and IV (GEO, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively, by gavage 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after cisplatin injection). Creatinine levels and protein/creatinine ratio were determined in plasma and urine, respectively. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP-7) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) levels of kidney tissues were determined while mRNA expression levels were obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: GEO treatment reduced significantly creatinine levels to 0.53 +/- 0.02; 0.48 +/- 0.008 and 0.46 +/- 0.02 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, compared with control (0.70 +/- 0.01) [p< 0.05] but increased protein : creatinine ratio to 0.21 +/- 0.01, 0.22 +/- 0.01, 0.24 +/- 0.02 compared with control (0.06 +/- 0.008) [p< 0.05]. Pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha mRNA expression was decreased to 1.46 +/- 0.21, 1.39 +/- 0.19 and 1.36 +/- 0.09, at GEO doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, while anti-fibrotic BMP-7 mRNA expression increased to 2.05 +/- 0.26 and 2.44 +/- 0.42 at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, compared with control (0.59 +/- 0.39, p < 0.05).Conclusion: GEO treatment attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, in part, by modulating some inflammatory cytokines.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRosewood oil induces sedation and inhibits compound action potential in rodents(Elsevier B.V., 2009-07-30) Almeida, Reinaldo Nobrega de; Machado Araujo, Demetrius Antonio; Ramos Goncalves, Juan Carlos; Montenegro, Fabricia Costa; Sousa, Damiao Pergentino de; Leite, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Mattei, Rita [UNIFESP]; Venditti, Marco Antonio Campana [UNIFESP]; Barbosa de Carvalho, Jose Gilberto [UNIFESP]; Cruz, Jader Santos; Soares Maia, Jose Guilherme; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)Aim of the study: Aniba rosaeodora is an aromatic plant which has been used in Brazil folk medicine due to its sedative effect. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sedative effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil in mice. in addition we sought to investigate the linalool-rich oil effects on the isolated nerve using the single sucrose-gap technique.Materials and methods: Sedative effect was determined by measuring the potentiation of the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. the compound action potential amplitude was evaluated as a way to detect changes in excitability of the isolated nerve.Results: the results showed that administration of rosewood oil at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased latency and increased the duration of sleeping time. On the other hand, the dose of 100 mg/kg potentiated significantly the pentobarbital action decreasing pentobarbital latency time and increasing pentobarbital sleeping time. in addition, the effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil on the isolated nerve of the rat was also investigated through the single sucrose-gap technique. the amplitude of the action potential decreased almost 100% when it was incubated for 30 min at 100 mu g/ml.Conclusions: From this study, it is suggested a sedative effect of linalool-rich rosewood oil that could, at least in part, be explained by the reduction in action potential amplitude that provokes a decrease in neuronal excitability. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosVariability in essential oil composition produced by micropropagated (in vitro), acclimated (ex vitro) and in-field plants of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae)(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Amaral-Baroli, Adriana; Lago, Joao Henrique G. [UNIFESP]; de Almeida, Cristina V.; de Almeida, Marcilio; Scotti, Marcus Tullius; Leone, Gabriela F.; Soares, Marisi G.; Cavalari, Aline A. [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Patricia [UNIFESP]An in vitro protocol was developed for propagation of Ocimum basilicum from shoot cultures. Thus shoot apexes of the adult plant were used as explants and cultured and after eight months plants grown in vitro were acclimated to ex vitro conditions. Then essential oils produced in field plants, micropropagated plants in vitro and acclimated plants (ex vitro) of O. basilicum were extracted by hydrodistillation. Crude oils were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS to identify the chemical composition (qualitative and quantitative data). The results showed a different composition for each type of oil since the field plant produces a great amount of alpha-muurolol (30.62%)