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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAvaliação dos efeitos dos componentes dos óleos essenciais (timol, carvacrol e p-cimeno) no enfisema pulmonar induzido por instilação de elastase em camundongos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-03-23) Pereira, Ellen Games Jacob [UNIFESP]; Prado, Carla Maximo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Pulmonary emphysema is the most important component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls resulting in an enlargement and progressively airflow limitation. Although COPD represents the fourth leading cause of mortality in the world there is still no specific therapeutic measures for the treatment, which is still symptomatic. Phytotherapy, including essential oils, is widely used to treat various diseases, however, in most cases, there is not enough scientific evidence. Objective: To evaluate the effects of treatment with thymol, carvacrol and p-cymene, monoterpenes derived from essential oils of Brazilian plant species, the changes in respiratory mechanics and pulmonary histopathology induced by instillation of elastase. Methodology: Male C57BL6 mice were used, which were given saline or elastase. 30 minutes after instillation of elastase animals were treated with thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene or vehicle. These treatments were repeated on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Animals that received saline were treated with vehicle only. On the 28th, after 30 minutes of treatment they were evaluated: mechanics of the respiratory system; exhaled nitric oxide (NoEx), pulmonary inflammation and cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), evaluation of the content of collagen fibers and alveolar diameter and expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, NF-kB and 8-iso-PGF- 2? by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the SigmaStat using analysis of variance One way ANOVA. Results: The elastase group had pulmonary emphysema (increase of Lm), an increase of macrophages and IL-6, IL-8, IL-1? and IL-17 levels in BAL, in addition to increased deposition of fibers collagen and expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, isoprostane and NF-kB in the lung parenchyma. Still, there was an increase of NoEx these animals. The treatments with thymol, carvacrol and p-cymene reduced pulmonary inflammation, the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-1? the values Lm and collagen deposition in the lung parenchyma, as well as MMP-9 expression, NF-KB and isoprostane in lung tissue. TIMP 1 levels in the treated groups were higher than the control group but similar to animals receiving no treatment elastase. Treatment with thymol still reduced exhaled NO. Conclusion: These compounds reduced the inflammation and tissue destruction attenuated and reduced collagen deposition associated with MMP-9 reduced. These effects can be attributed to reduced NF-kB expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1?) and also reduce oxidative stress. Apparently, the position or the hydroxyl radical presence does not interfere with the biological effects of these compounds in the emphysema model. Other mechanisms of action have yet to be evaluated.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica ocupacional(Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Bagatin, Ericson; Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Stirbulov, Roberto; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santa Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasOccupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, despite having been widely discussed for nearly half a century, is still rarely addressed in Brazil. Various studies, especially those that were population-based, have revealed the relationship between occupational exposure to aerosols and impairment of the airways. This chapter aims to remind physicians of the diagnosis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by presenting a succinct review of the literature on the theme, which should be incorporated into the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, in terms of the scope of the diagnostic basis as well as in terms of the questionnaire specific for the disease. Collecting detailed work histories and characterizing exposure to inhaled agents known to have deleterious effects on the respiratory system will surely result in improved approaches to making diagnoses and prognoses of this disease, as well as contributing to its greater control.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Enfisema orbitário compressivo após asseio nasal: relato de caso(Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia, 2009-04-01) Furlani, Bruno de Albuquerque [UNIFESP]; Diniz, Bruno [UNIFESP]; Bitelli, Luis Gustavo; Martins, Elisabeth Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Orbital emphysema is the abnormal presence of air in the orbit. Occurrence in the absence of orbital fracture is rare. We report a case of a 40-year-old female presenting unilateral orbital emphysema after vigorous nose blowing. She developed sudden visual loss as a result of elevated intraocular pressure and urgent treatment was required. She underwent an orbital decompression, performed using a 24-gauge needle puncture adjacent to the supraorbital notch. After treatment, she reported considerable decrease of symptoms.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Polialveolose: patogênese do enfisema lobar congênito?(Associação Médica Brasileira, 1998-06-01) Giudici, Roseli [UNIFESP]; Leao, Luiz Eduardo Villaca [UNIFESP]; Moura, Luiz Antonio Ribeiro de [UNIFESP]; Wey, Sergio Barsanti [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Rimarcs Gomes [UNIFESP]; Crotti, P.l.r. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)BACKGROUND: Congenital lobar emphysema is an unusual condition and its pathogenesis remains unknown. The variety of findings in pathology studies of the ressected specimens led to increasing academic interest. About 50 per cent of the cases have no definitive diagnosis in pathology. The most recent theory proposes an increased number of alveoli within each acinus (polyalveolar lobe). PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to report the morphometric measures of surgical specimens of 12 patients with congenital lobar emphysema, using the Emery and Mithal technique (radial alveolar count). METHODS: We made a case-control study, classifying the cases by age. Mann-Whitney´s U test and linear regression techniques were used in data analysis: Mann-Whitney´s U in comparing the cases and respective controls and linear regression to evaluate the influence of age in the measures found. RESULTS: The results revealed a significantly higher radial alveolar count than expected for the age group under 3 years; no difference was observed in the age group between 3 and 7 years and in children older than 7, the radial alveolar count was lower than expected. The normal development of the lung consists in an increasing number of alveoli increase from birth until adulthood, but this number remains constant, independent of age in congenital lobar emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: Such findings allow us to conclude that polyalveolar lobe can and must be diagnosed by a simple and practical method, such as the radial alveolar count, which decreases the incidence of the unknown etiology. The findings of an increased number of alveoli on patients younger than 3 is related to congenital lobar emphysema, since the number of alveoli does not increase in congenital lobar emphysema, just the opposite to what one would expect in the normal development of the lung.