Navegando por Palavras-chave "Drug abuse"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação das características dos programas de prevenção ao uso de álcool e outras drogas implantados nas escolas brasileiras(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-09-27) Santos Neto, Miguel Teixeira dos [UNIFESP]; Dutenhefner, Zila Van Der Meer Sanchez [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110200572507368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7021291213875888; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: This study aimed to characterise alcohol and drug prevention programs employed by Brazilian public and private schools at the elementary and middle school levels. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on forty-one in-depth interviews conducted with directors and coordinators of Brazilian schools. Respondents were selected using a subsample of a national epidemiological survey aimed at assessing the presence of prevention programs in schools from five different regions. Interviews were conducted through Skype software, audio-recorded and transcribed, using a semi-structured script. In order to analyse data, NVivo software was used and interpretation of the collected material was subjected to further content analysis via Bardin’s theoretical framework. Results: We identified two categories of actions to prevent the use of alcohol and other drugs in schools: schools that had proper prevention programs and schools that performed specific prevention activities. Twenty-nine schools (or 71% of the total) who used prevention programs in their units were identified, while others made use of preventive activities. The program most frequently implemented in the investigated schools was the Educational Program of Resistance to Drugs (Proerd), which was applied in 54% (n = 22) of the schools. Other prevention programs included Nepre, Agrinho, Projeto Diretor de Turma (Class Principal), Protagonismo Juvenil (Youth Participation), Dignidade (Dignity): a Daily Conquest and of the Municipal Health Secretary of Rio de Janeiro (SMS). In 20 schools, prevention activities were combined with prevention programs and 12 schools offered only prevention acitvities. Prevention activities were less prevalent than programs, appearing in twelve schools, and were combined with programs in twenty of them. Such preventive activities included lectures, classes, seminars, recreational activities and visits to rehabilitation facilities. The most mentioned psychotropic drugs in the programs and activities were crack cocaine and marijuana. In the interviews, a general lack of information on ways to evaluate programs was noted. In addition, the applied programs do not show evidence of being effective and do not rely on good preventative practices. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that in Brazil, prevention programs are confused with preventative activities. The programs analysed do not follow good practices regarding alcohol and drug prevention and are not based on scientific evidence. The results of this study can help point out the need for national public policy development in order to encourage the implementation of evidence-based programs in school curriculums, thus avoiding potential iatrogenic effects from school-based alcohol and drug prevention efforts.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)O conflito autonomia-dependência na adolescência e a questão das drogas: intervenção em um grupo de adolescentes do CRAS(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-17) Vizzuso, Patrizia [UNIFESP]; Casetto, Sidnei José [UNIFESP]; Lima, Laura Camara [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6277780648747957; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498118188722873; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3715661459240063; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This study evaluated the effects of an intervention on a group of teenagers attending CRAS in the city of Guarujá, specifically in PROJOVEM Adolescent Program, to promote health. Using action-research as a method, reflexion groups as a tool, and psychoanalysis as a theoretical framework, this research investigated the effects of intervention in relation to dependency-autonomy conflict in this group with the purpose of their awareness taking by adolescents, particularly with the issue of drug use. Proposing a more horizontal relationship in the group, it could be seen that the reference of social relationship that teenagers had was vertical, which favored the dependency of these young people, making them more vulnerable. During the process there were changes in the position of the participants in relation to autonomy, reaching a group production making. It was concluded by noting benefits of a reflection space for teens that operates analogously to a potential space in winnicottians terms, encouraging a greater awareness and more creative responses to their conflicts, and consequently, greater autonomy.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffects of methamphetamine self-administration on actigraphy-based sleep parameters in rhesus monkeys(Springer, 2013-05-01) Andersen, Monica L. [UNIFESP]; Diaz, Maylen P.; Murnane, Kevin S.; Howell, Leonard L.; Emory Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Sleep disorders and substance abuse are highly comorbid. Although methamphetamine is a very commonly abused drug, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated its effects on sleep during drug use and abstinence under well-controlled conditions in laboratory animals.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of methamphetamine self-administration on sleep-like measures in nonhuman primates.Adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 4) self-administered methamphetamine (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of reinforcement (60-min sessions once a day, 5 days per week) for 5 weeks. Sleep-like measures were evaluated with Actiwatch monitors before, during, and after each period of drug self-administration.Both doses of methamphetamine reliably maintained self-administration. Methamphetamine (0.03 mg/kg) increased derived measures of latency to sleep onset and sleep fragmentation, and decreased sleep efficiency compared to abstinence, and higher methamphetamine intake predicted worse sleep quality. However, sleep normalized immediately after the discontinuation of methamphetamine self-administration.Methamphetamine markedly disrupted sleep-like measures; however, methamphetamine self-administration did not disrupt sleep quality during subsequent periods of drug abstinence.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in adult and adolescent mice(Elsevier B.V., 2014-08-30) Kameda, Sonia R. [UNIFESP]; Fukushiro, Daniela F. [UNIFESP]; Trombin, Thais F. [UNIFESP]; Sanday, Leandro [UNIFESP]; Wuo-Silva, Raphael [UNIFESP]; Saito, Luis R. [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; D'Almeida, Vania [UNIFESP]; Frussa-Filho, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Drug-induced behavioral sensitization (BS), paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and adolescence in rodents are associated with changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. We compared the effects of PSD on amphetamine-induced BS in adult and adolescent mice. Adult (90 days old) and adolescent (45 days old) Swiss mice were subjected to PSD for 48 h. Immediately after PSD, mice received saline or 2.0 mg/kg amphetamine intraperitoneally (i.p.), and their locomotion was quantified in activity chambers. Seven days later, all the animals were challenged with 2.0 mg/kg amphetamine i.p., and their locomotion was quantified again. Acute amphetamine enhanced locomotion in both adult and adolescent mice, but BS was observed only in adolescent mice. Immediately after its termination, PSD decreased locomotion of both saline- and amphetamine-treated adolescent mice. Seven days later, previous PSD potentiated both the acute stimulatory effect of amphetamine and its sensitization in adolescent mice. in adult animals, previous PSD revealed BS. Our data suggest that adolescent mice are more vulnerable to both the immediate and long-term effects of PSD on amphetamine-induced locomotion. Because drug-induced BS in rodents shares neuroplastic changes with drug craving in humans, our findings also suggest that both adolescence and PSD could facilitate craving-related mechanisms in amphetamine abuse. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Recreational use of benzydamine as a hallucinogen among street youth in Brazil(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2009-09-01) Opaleye, Emérita Sátiro [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila van der Meer [UNIFESP]; Moura, Yone Gonçalves de [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Araujo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To describe the recreational use of benzydamine, an anti-inflammatory drug, among street youth in Brazil. METHOD: Design: a descriptive, cross sectional survey. Setting: 93 welfare services for the street youth in 27 Brazilian capitals. Participants: 2807 street youth, 10 to 18 years old. Main outcome measures: demographic characteristics, drug use pattern (lifetime use, use in the past 30 days, frequency, and characteristics of use in the past month) and effects of benzydamine through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 reported lifetime recreational benzydamine use (67 cases identified only in three capitals). Among the 30 respondents reporting drug use in the last month (the month preceding the survey), 66.7% (n = 20) used the drug on 4 or more days (in the month preceding the survey). The most frequently (50%) pleasure effects reported were hallucination and nonspecific sensory changes described as trips. Unwanted effects were reported by 75% of respondents, they were especially nausea and vomiting (21.4%). In the majority of the cases, drug was obtained from drugstores without a medical prescription. CONCLUSION: This study identifies the recreational use of benzydamine among street youth, mainly in the Northeast of Brazil, and also indicates the need for special controls on the dispensation of this substance.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Resiliência e uso de drogas: como a resiliência e seus aspectos se relacionam aos padrões no uso de drogas por adolescentes(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-02-24) Amato, Tatiana de Castro [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The aim was assess how resilience and its factors are related to different drug use patterns in adolescents. Private school students from São Paulo (Brazil) were selected by a representative, stratified and cluster sample. It was applied a self-report questionnaire proposed by WHO measuring alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco and other drugs (marijuana, inhalants, tranquilizers, stimulants, cocaine, ecstasy and crack) 30-day use. The resilience was assessed by Resilience Scale, which in Brazilian validation the main factor was named “capacity to act based on ones values”. The economic class was measured by ABEP scale. Weighted data were analyzed by descriptive, bivariate (GLM), cluster analysis and logistic regression statistics. Significance level was set at 5%. The sample was comprised of 2691 students with mean age 16 (CI=15.9-16.1), 52% were female and 95.5% were from upper economic classes. The most prevalent drug consumption was alcohol (50.2%), followed by tobacco (14.1%) and other drugs (11.6%). Binge drinking was related by 31.8%.Cluster analysis identified four groups according to 30-day drug use: do not use drugs, alcohol, alcohol/ binge drinking/ tobacco, alcohol/ binge drinking/ tobacco/ other drugs. The resilience was not associated with different drug use patterns in this population. However, the factor “capacity to act based on ones values” that evaluate self-steam, determination, self-discipline, good mood, readiness to help and adaptability, contribute to decrease the odds of alcohol use, binge drinking and other drug use. The main protect factors for this drug use pattern was self-discipline and determination. Self-discipline also decreased the odds of alcohol associated with binge drinking and tobacco use. These results highlight the relevance of aspects related to “capacity to act based on ones values”, especially self-discipline and determination, to drug use prevention in adolescence.