Navegando por Palavras-chave "Demography"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise dos padrões de mortalidade na população de Osasco (1996-2021): decomposição da esperança de vida por sexo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-14) Luz, Giuliana Rossi [UNIFESP]; Araújo, Luiz Jurandir Simões de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5610166520631974Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o diferencial de mortalidade entre os sexos na cidade de Osasco, nos anos de 1996 e 2021. Os dados relativos à quantidade de óbitos e à população residente, segmentados por sexo e faixas etárias, foram obtidos por meio do portal eletrônico do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). A métrica do diferencial de mortalidade entre os sexos foi derivada a partir da análise do hiato na expectativa de vida ao nascer, da razão entre os sexos nas taxas específicas de mortalidade e da análise da contribuição dos grupos etários no hiato da expectativa de vida ao nascer. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um estudo das causas predominantes de óbito, discriminado por sexo e grupos etários. Os resultados revelam que, à medida que a expectativa de vida ao nascer aumenta, há uma tendência de redução no diferencial das expectativas de vida. Além disso, a análise das principais causas de óbito em Osasco, no ano de 2021, abrange algumas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, doenças do sistema circulatório e neoplasias.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Competição e persistência populacional em Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus: uma análise de estrutura populacional(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-03-29) Iano, Daniela Mayumi [UNIFESP]; Rossi, Marcelo Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The understanding of how variations in demographic processes directly influence population dynamics and persistence has been the focus of ecology for many years. It is already known that competition is one of the ecological interactions that most interfere in the biological parameters and in the abundance of the species. In this study, we have investigated how larval competition may affect the structure and population persistence of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus, as well as its interference with the finite rate of population increase and the contribution of dispersion to the persistence of this species. Mature fruits of the host plant Leucaena leucocephala were collected from a population located in São Paulo, SP. The fruits were taken to the laboratory where they were dissected. The seeds were conditioned in six transparent plastic containers and the second generation of bruchine was established as a control population. Seeds with one or two eggs were individualized, and two treatments were established: 1) seeds without larval competition and 2) seeds with larval competition. The seeds containing eggs were individualized, and after five days 20 seeds per treatment were dissected every two days to remove the larvae. After that, the cephalic capsule of each larva was measured. The population structure was determined through the elaboration of projection matrices, from which the finite rate of increase (R), the stable distribution of stages, the sensitivity and the elasticity were estimated. Considering a single population, the simulations were done to calculate the population persistence time and the proportion of occupied patches adding 0, 5, and 10% of migration. The finite rate of population growth (R) was higher for the treatment without competition. Competition also reduced the body size of third instar larva and sensitivity results showed that the transition from the third to the fourth instar was the most important for R estimation, suggesting that this stage was mostly affected by competition. The stable stage distribution showed that the probability of populations being extinct is higher when competition is present. It was observed that competition should occur at high rates in populations to produce a significant decrease in R. Populations showed high levels of persistence (for 100 generations), even with competition, and only 5% of migration increased the persistence of populations.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de mulheres indígenas no Alto Xingu, Mato Grosso, Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-05-26) Madeira, Sofia Pereira [UNIFESP]; Silva, Rebeca de Souza e [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5974676551613788; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8364257978330436; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Historically, due to contact with colonizing fronts and economic expansion, indigenous peoples have experienced significant population loss, feeding pessimistic forecasts that pointed their disappearance. However, many indigenous peoples in Brazil are in the process of demographic recovery, growing more than the average of the population in recent decades due to high fertility rates among women of the group. This scheme is the result of cultural norms that regulate the size of families according to strategic needs of power and occupation of territories, aiming the operation of their complex systems of social organization. For this, they resort to deliberate practices to encourage and/or limitation of births - depending on the historical, cultural, political and economic context - such as age at marriage, postpartum sexual abstinence, abortions and late practices of birth control. However, the presence and the performance of health teams subsidized by the government or by the Academy within the Alto Xingu communities - where is the target population of this study - appear to inhibit the reporting of certain traditional practices that are doomed from the perspective of brazilian society. Researchers are faced with ethical limits by displaying knowledge of the continuity of these practices, since informants refuse to accept the maintenance of certain customs, such as abortion and late practices of birth control. This apparent inconsistency between theory and practice makes us reflect on the ethical limits of researchers and health professionals in dealing with traditional peoples, in view of the embarrassment and the limitation of sexual and reproductive rights of women of these communities and also reflect on the anthropologist?s place during fieldwork.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Demographic dynamics of the Suyá, a Jê people of the Xingu Indigenous Park, Central Brazil, 1970-2004(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2007-05-01) Pagliaro, Heloisa [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Natália da Silva [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues, Douglas Antonio [UNIFESP]; Baruzzi, Roberto Geraldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This paper analyses the demographic dynamics of the Suyá, a Jê people, inhabitants of the Xingu Indigenous Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, during the years 1970-2004. Data was gathered from medical records of the São Paulo Federal University Health Program at the Xingu Indigenous Park. The demographic characteristics addressed include composition by age and sex, crude birth rates, general mortality rates, mortality rates by age and sex, proportional mortality by sex, age, and basic causes of death. The results show a population recovery process, with growth rates of 3% per year between 1970 and 2004. In addition to moderate birth rates and declining mortality rates, migration has also played an important role in the demographic dynamics. Mortality indicators show a decline in general and infant mortality rates, higher death rates among women, higher proportions of deaths among individuals < 1 and 50+ years of age, and major causes of death to be infectious diseases and cancer.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Demographic profile of Bororo Indians from Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 1993-1996(Cadernos Saude Publica, 2009-02-01) Souza, Luciene Guimaraes de; Pagliaro, Heloisa [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ricardo Ventura; Escola Nacl Saude Publ Sergio Arouca; Fundacao Nacl Saude; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)This paper analyzes the demographic profile of the Bororo Indians from Mato Grosso State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. Data came from annual collection and registration of vital statistics conducted by the health service in three villages (Garcas, Meruri, and Morada dos Bororo). The average annual population growth rate was 2.4%. Nearly half (44%) of the population was younger than 15 years (median 16 years). The crude birth rate was 30.9 per 1,000 and the crude death rate 7.3 per 1,000 inhabitants. The infant mortality rate was high (58.8 per thousand live births), probably resulting from precarious health conditions in the villages. The results showed that women married younger than men and that there were numerous unmarried adult men (26.7%) and women (13.3%), as compared to data from other indigenous groups. The total fertility rate of Bororo women was 4.3, quite low compared to other indigenous communities in Brazil. The study emphasizes the importance of systematically collecting and analyzing demographic data on indigenous populations.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosGambling in Brazil Lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates(Elsevier B.V., 2010-11-30) Tavares, Hermano; Carneiro, Elizabeth; Sanches, Marcos; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Zaleski, Marcos; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Natl Council Technol & Sci Dev CNPq; Addict & Other Impulse Control Disorders Unit; Ipsos Reid; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Texas Dallas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Gambling has experienced world-wide growth the current study is the first national survey into household gambling conducted in a developing country the sample was a three-stage probabilistic one designed to cover individuals 14 years old or older of both genders and from all regions of the national territory 325 census sectors were visited including rural areas DSM-IV-based instruments were used to assess problem and pathological gambling individuals were asked to estimate their monthly gambling expenditure the lifetime prevalences were pathological gambling 1 0% and problem gambling 1 3% Maximum gambling expenditure corresponded to 5 4% of the household income for social gamblers 16 9% for problem gamblers and 20 0% for pathological gamblers the male female ratio among adults for pathological gambling was 3 2 1 the data suggest the existence of two subgroups of pathological gamblers one younger (33 9 +/- 4 19) and severe (7 or more DSM-IV criteria) another older (47 8 +/- 6 01) and less severe (5-6 criteria) in a multinomial logistic regression problematic gambling was associated with gender age education employment region of origin and living in metropolitan areas the data suggest that feeling active and socially inserted protects against problematic gambling Individuals who are young male unemployed or not currently pursuing further education may be at special risk for severe pathological gambling (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Gravidez na adolescência: perfil sócio-demográfico e comportamental de uma população da periferia de São Paulo, Brasil(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2007-01-01) Chalem, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Mitsuhiro, Sandro Sendin [UNIFESP]; Ferri, Cleusa Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Barros, Marina Carvalho de Moraes [UNIFESP]; Guinsburg, Ruth [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); King's College London Institute of PsychiatryTo identify the socio-demographic behavioral profile of low-income pregnant teenagers, 1,000 adolescents admitted to a Brazilian public maternity hospital from July 24, 2001, to November 27, 2002, were interviewed. Socio-demographic and behavioral variables were assessed through a questionnaire. Over the 492 days of the study, 24.3% of admissions were adolescents (930 for childbirth and 70 for miscarriage). Mean maternal age was 17 years. Most teenagers (72.9%) lived near the hospital. 930 (93%) belonged to socioeconomic classes C, D, and E. School dropout was identified in 67.3% of the total. 80.1% of the subjects were giving birth for the first time. 81.2% had not planned the pregnancy, and 23.8% had been using some contraceptive method. 67.4% had vaginal deliveries. Some 13.3% of the newborns were premature and 15.9% had low birth weight. 17.3% of these adolescent mothers reported smoking during pregnancy, with 2.8% reporting alcohol and 1.7% illicit drugs. Teenage pregnancy is a complex phenomenon associated with various economic, educational, and behavioral factors. The study provides importance references for public policies to prevent teenage pregnancy.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosInequality in pediatric kidney transplantation in Brazil(Springer, 2016) Koch Nogueira, Paulo Cesar [UNIFESP]; Camargo de Carvalho, Maria Fernanda; Feltran, Luciana de Santis [UNIFESP]; Konstantyner, Tulio [UNIFESP]; Sesso, Ricardo [UNIFESP]Background The aim of this study was to describe the access and factors associated with kidney transplantation for children in different regions of Brazil. Methods We analyzed a cohort of 1211 children enrolled on the transplant list from January 2011 to December of 2013. We fitted regression models to investigate factors associated with: (a) undergoing kidney transplantation from a deceased donor, and (b) being removed from the waiting list. Results The incidence of transplantation was uneven across regions, with the lowest rate at 0.4 per million age-related population (pmarp) in the Midwest and the highest incidence rate of 8.3 cases pmarp in the South. Children from the North and the Midwest regions had a 3-4 times lower probability of undergoing a deceased donor transplant (p < 0.05). Apart from the geographic region, age of recipients and GDP influenced the outcome. The likelihood of undergoing transplantation was very low in the youngest children in the North and Midwest. The number of transplant centers was not associated with either outcome. Conclusions Factors of inequality in transplantation in Brazil are of macroeconomic origin, but there is room to reduce inequalities. Training existing transplant center professionals in the care of children could diminish the discrepancies.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Meio ambiente urbano e expectativa de vida: uma análise dos bairros Alto de Pinheiros e São Miguel Paulista(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-13) Silva, Raul Freire [UNIFESP]; Levy, Dan Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450750405466069Este trabalho se propõe a realizar uma análise aprofundada e comparativa da demografia dos bairros de Alto de Pinheiros e São Miguel Paulista, localizados na cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo principal é compreender a correlação entre o equilíbrio ambiental e o desenvolvimento social em cada uma dessas regiões, com um foco particular na expectativa de vida da população local. A pesquisa será conduzida utilizando uma variedade de dados demográficos e ambientais. Isso incluirá, mas não se limitará a, informações sobre a densidade populacional, a distribuição etária, os níveis de educação e renda, bem como detalhes sobre a qualidade do ar, a presença de áreas verdes e o acesso a serviços básicos como água potável e saneamento. Além disso, o estudo também levará em consideração informações sobre o desenvolvimento social das regiões. Isso pode incluir dados sobre a disponibilidade e qualidade dos serviços de saúde, educação e infraestrutura local, bem como indicadores de bem-estar social como taxas de emprego e níveis de pobreza. Ao comparar esses aspectos entre os bairros de Alto de Pinheiros e São Miguel Paulista, esperamos obter insights valiosos sobre como o equilíbrio ambiental pode influenciar o desenvolvimento social e vice-versa. Através desta pesquisa, pretendemos contribuir para um melhor entendimento das complexas interações entre demografia, ambiente e desenvolvimento social nas áreas urbanas. Isso pode, por sua vez, informar políticas públicas mais eficazes para promover tanto a sustentabilidade ambiental quanto o bem-estar social.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Quality of life among the Brazilian adult population using the generic SF-8 questionnaire(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2011-06-01) Campolina, Alessandro Gonçalves [UNIFESP]; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros [UNIFESP]; Ciconelli, Rozana Mesquita [UNIFESP]; Ferraz, Marcos Bosi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life in the Brazilian adult population, based on the U.S. standard population. It involved a cross-sectional population-based study with probabilistic sampling of 2,420 individuals (725 men and 1695 women) aged 40 or more in different geographic regions of Brazil. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the SF-8 (Short Form-8) were administered in interview form. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney test and Tukey's test were used in the analysis. Females, populations in the northeastern region, the population of the regions of Brasília (Distrito Federal), Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul State) and Goiania (Goiás State), Brazil, demonstrated worse quality of life. Age, education and income had influence over quality of life domains. This study presents quality of life estimates for the Brazilian adult population, based on the SF-8 questionnaire. The mean values on the subscales and components of the SF-8 appeared to be influenced by gender, geographic region, family income, age and schooling.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A revolução demográfica dos povos indígenas no Brasil: a experiência dos Kayabí do Parque Indígena do Xingu, Mato Grosso, Brasil, 1970-2007(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2010-03-01) Pagliaro, Heloisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This paper analyzes the demographic dynamics of the Kayabí, a Tupi people in the Xingu Indian Reservation in Central Brazil, from 1970 to 2007. Data were gathered from vital statistics for the Xingu Indian Reservation at the Federal University in São Paulo. Contact with Brazilian national society from 1920 to 1950 in the Upper Teles Pires River Valley led to a population decrease due to clashes and epidemics. In 1952, part of the Kayabí group gradually began migrating to the Xingu, where they still live. In 1970 there were 204 Kayabí in Xingu villages, and by 2007 there were 1,162, representing a 4.8% annual growth rate. For 2000-2007 the crude birth rate was 51 per thousand inhabitants; total fertility rate 7.8 children per women; crude death crude 3.5 per thousand inhabitants; and infant mortality rate 17.5 per thousand live births. The majority of the population is under 15 years of age (55.9%). The results show a population recovery process, similar to that of some other indigenous group in Brazil.