Navegando por Palavras-chave "Child labor"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Álcool e alcoolismo entre adolescentes da rede estadual de ensino de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2005-08-01) Souza, Delma Perpétua Oliveira de [UNIFESP]; Areco, Kelsy Nema [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcoholism among working and non-working adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a systematic, stratified sample 993 working adolescents and 1,725 non-working adolescents. The study included students enrolled in 1998 in the state public network schools of a city in Center-Western Brazil. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was completed by subjects in the classroom. Univariate and bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: We found prevalences of 71.3% for alcohol consumption and 13.4% for alcoholism in the total sample, and higher prevalences among working students (81.0% and 14.9%) than among non-workers (65.8% and 12.6%). In addition to the association between alcohol use and work, we found both differences and similarities between the two groups. Alcoholism is not associated with work but is associated with male sex (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.18-2.19) and family history of alcohol use among both non-workers (OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.60-2.99) and workers (OR=2.10; 95% CI: 1.42-3.12). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate a high prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcoholism, which is higher among working adolescents. Sociodemographic, family, and work-related factors must be considered when attempting to implement educational measures aimed at changing alcohol-related behaviors in this population.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosChildren working on the streets in Brazil: predictors of mental health problems(Springer, 2013-03-01) Maciel, Mariana R. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea F. [UNIFESP]; Fossaluza, Victor; Nobrega, Luciana P. [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana C. [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo F. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)The objective of this study was to determine which factors predict higher risk for mental health problems in children working on the streets. We studied a sample of families that had at least one child working on the streets, from October 2008 to March 2009. the instruments applied were the parent version strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) for children and caregivers, the WorldSAFE core questionnaire, the global assessment of relational functioning scale (GARF), the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. 191 children between 7 and 14 years of age were analyzed; 126 (66 %) were working on the streets, and 65 were siblings who did not work on the streets. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health problems in the caregivers, violent behaviors of the caregivers toward the children, absence of a partner living in the house, and lower levels of family functioning increased the risk of mental health problems in the children. Caregivers reported severe forms of physical punishment against their children in 62 % of cases. Caregivers who had suffered sexual abuse and emotional negligence in childhood were more violent with their children. Factors that increased risk for mental health symptoms in these children were caregivers' psychopathology, physical punishment at home, single-parent structure, and poor family functioning. Work on the streets did not influence the children's mental health, when multiple risk factors were considered; family characteristics were the most significant in this sample.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosVoice Performance Evaluation of Street Children From Aracaju, Brazil Using Perceptual-Auditory and Acoustic Analyses(Elsevier B.V., 2013-09-01) Sales, Neuza Josina; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz; Rebelo Goncalves, Maria Ines [UNIFESP]; Gama, Ana Cristina Cortes [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Edilson Oliveira; Prado-Barreto, Valeria Maria; Todt-Neto, Joao Carlos; d'Avila, Jeferson Sampaio; Univ Fed Sergipe; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Sao Lucas HospObjective. To compare the voice performance of children involved in street labor with regular children using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses.Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out on 7- to 10-year-old children of both genders. Children from both groups lived with their families and attended school regularly; however, child labor was evident in one group and not the other. A total of 200 potentially eligible street children, assisted by the Child Labor Elimination Programme (PETI), and 400 regular children were interviewed. Those with any vocal discomfort (106, 53% and 90, 22.5%) had their voices assessed for resonance, pitch, loudness, speech rate, maximum phonation time, and other acoustic measurements.Results. A total of 106 street children (study group [SG]) and 90 regular children (control group [CG]) were evaluated. the SG group demonstrated higher oral and nasal resonance, reduced loudness, a lower pitch, and a slower speech rate than the CG. the maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency, and upper harmonics were higher in the SG than the CG. Jitter and shimmer were higher in the CG than the SG.Conclusion. Using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses, we determined that there were differences in voice performance between the two groups, with street children having better quality perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters than regular children. We believe that this is due to the procedures and activities performed by the Child Labor Elimination Program (PETI), which helps children to cope with their living conditions.