Navegando por Palavras-chave "Child abuse"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAdipokines during early abstinence of crack cocaine in dependent women reporting childhood maltreatment(Elsevier B.V., 2013-12-15) Levandowski, Mateus L.; Viola, Thiago W.; Tractenberg, Saulo G.; Teixeira, Antonio L.; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Bauer, Moises E.; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Childhood maltreatment has been associated with addiction and immune dysregulation, although neurobiological substrates underlying this association remain largely unknown. the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of adipokines during early abstinence in crack cocaine dependent women with (CM+) and without history of childhood maltreatment (CM). One hundred four crack cocaine female users were followed for 20 days in a detoxification inpatient treatment unit. Plasma levels of adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed every 7 days during 3 weeks of follow-up. the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history. A healthy control group was included to provide adipokines reference values (HC). All crack users increased leptin plasma levels during early abstinence despite concentrations remained lower in comparison with non-users group. Crack users reporting childhood maltreatment exhibited a significant reduction in plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin when compared to CM group. in addition, only CM participants increased plasma levels of adiponectin during detoxification. This is the first study evaluating adipokines during crack cocaine abstinence. Our results suggest a modulator effect of childhood maltreatment on inflammatory status in treatment-seeking crack cocaine dependents during early abstinence. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCan childhood trauma predict response to topiramate in borderline personality disorder?(Blackwell Publishing, 2006-04-01) Prado-Lima, Pedro Antonio Schmidt do; Kristensen, Christian Haag; Bacaltchuk, Josué [UNIFESP]; Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul; Univ Vale Rio Sinos; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Janssen Cilag Farmaceut; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)We report on a woman with borderline personality disorder and a history of childhood trauma that showed significant clinical response with low dosage of topiramate. We propose that topiramate changed some of the main features of this disorder, such as catastrophic reaction to real or imaginary abandonment or rejection, improving adaptive functioning. We hypothesize that topiramate might facilitate memory extinction, therefore decreasing emotional and behavioural reactivity.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Child abuse: review of the literature(Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, 2013-01-01) Terra, Bernardo Barcellos; Figueiredo, Eduardo Antônio De; Terra, Morena Pretti Espindula De Oliveira Lima; Andreoli, Carlos Vicente [UNIFESP]; Ejnisman, Benno [UNIFESP]; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória ES (EMESCAM) Medical School; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Brazilian Pediatric Society; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória ES (EMESCAM) Escola de Medicina; Sociedade de Ombro e Cotovelo; Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo; Sociedade Brasileira de PediatriaNon-accidental injuries in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Fractures are the second most common clinical manifestation of child abuse. The fracture of the femur is associated in more than 60% of child abuse in children younger than 3 years. The objective was to review the literature on child abuse in the major databases and report a rare case of bilateral subtrochanteric femur fractures associated with unilaterall humeral fracture in a 28-day newborn. The orthopedic surgeon is often the first physician to evaluate these children, so a high degree of suspicion, and a physical examination and a detailed clinical history is mandatory when evaluating a newborn with musculoskeletal injuries.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosChildren working on the streets in Brazil: predictors of mental health problems(Springer, 2013-03-01) Maciel, Mariana R. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea F. [UNIFESP]; Fossaluza, Victor; Nobrega, Luciana P. [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana C. [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo F. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)The objective of this study was to determine which factors predict higher risk for mental health problems in children working on the streets. We studied a sample of families that had at least one child working on the streets, from October 2008 to March 2009. the instruments applied were the parent version strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) for children and caregivers, the WorldSAFE core questionnaire, the global assessment of relational functioning scale (GARF), the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. 191 children between 7 and 14 years of age were analyzed; 126 (66 %) were working on the streets, and 65 were siblings who did not work on the streets. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health problems in the caregivers, violent behaviors of the caregivers toward the children, absence of a partner living in the house, and lower levels of family functioning increased the risk of mental health problems in the children. Caregivers reported severe forms of physical punishment against their children in 62 % of cases. Caregivers who had suffered sexual abuse and emotional negligence in childhood were more violent with their children. Factors that increased risk for mental health symptoms in these children were caregivers' psychopathology, physical punishment at home, single-parent structure, and poor family functioning. Work on the streets did not influence the children's mental health, when multiple risk factors were considered; family characteristics were the most significant in this sample.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCrack cocaine addiction, early life stress and accelerated cellular aging among women(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Levandowski, Mateus Luz; Tractenberg, Saulo Gantes; de Azeredo, Lucas Araujo; De Nardi, Tatiana; Rovaris, Diego L.; Bau, Claiton H. D.; Rizzo, Lucas Bortolotto [UNIFESP]; Maurya, Pawan Kumar [UNIFESP]; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Tyrka, Audrey R.; Grassi-Oliveira, RodrigoBackground: Early life stress (ELS) and addiction are related to age-related diseases and telomere shortening. However, the role of telomere length (TL) in crack cocaine addiction remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the TL in a sample of crack cocaine dependent-women who reported an ELS history and in a community-based sample of elderly women as a reference group for senescence. Methods: This study included treatment seeking crack cocaine dependents women (n = 127) and elderly women without a psychiatric diagnosis (ELD, n = 49). The crack cocaine sample was divided in two groups according to their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores: presence of history of childhood abuse and neglect (CRACK-ELS) and absence of ELS history (CRACK). TL was assessed by T/S ratio obtained from peripheral blood DNA using quantitative PCR assay. esults: CRACK and CRACK-ELS subjects exhibited shortened TL in comparison to the ELD group, despite their younger age. Among crack cocaine sample, CRACK-ELS group had significantly shorter telomeres than the CRACK group. Correlation analysis within crack cocaine group indicated that TL was negatively correlated with emotional abuse scores. Conclusions: These results support previous findings associating telomere shortening with both ELS and drug addiction. This study suggests new evidence of a distinct biological phenotype for drug-dependent women with ELS. The results support the biological senescence hypothesis underpinning ELS experience. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Crenças e atitudes educativas dos pais e problemas de saúde mental em escolares(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2005-10-01) Vitolo, Ymara Lúcia Camargo [UNIFESP]; Fleitlich-Bilyk, Bacy [UNIFESP]; Goodman, Robert; Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryOBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence and identify the risk factors related to mental health problems among schoolchildren and its possible association with the beliefs and educational attitudes of parents/caretakers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a stratified probabilistic sample (n=454) of first to third-graders from public and private schools in Southeastern Brazil. Standardized instruments were administered to parents/caretakers by trained interviewers, including screening questionnaires for mental health problems among children and parents/caretakers; a questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes; and a questionnaire for socio-economic status. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found 35.2% prevalence of clinical/borderline cases among students. Parents/caretakers that believed in corporal punishment as a child-rearing method used physical aggression towards their children more frequently (64.8%). Logistic regression models showed that the act of hitting the child with a belt was associated to conduct problems and to overall mental health problems among schoolchildren in the presence of other risk factors: child gender (male), parents/caretakers with mental health problems, and adverse socioeconomic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of mental health problems among schoolchildren and its association with child-rearing methods and mental health problems among parents/caretakers indicate the need for psycho-educational interventions aimed to reduce physical abuse and mental health problems in childhood.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDistinct behavioral and immunoendocrine parameters during crack cocaine abstinence in women reporting childhood abuse and neglect(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Levandowski, Mateus Luz; Viola, Thiago Wendt; Prado, Carine Hartmann; Wieck, Andrea; Bauer, Moises Evandro; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Grassi-Oliveira, RodrigoAim: To assess plasma levels of cortisol and cytokines between cocaine-dependent women with and without childhood maltreatment (CM) history during cocaine detoxification treatment. Method: We assessed immunoendocrine and clinical parameters of 108 crack cocaine female users during 3 weeks of inpatient detoxification treatment, and 24 healthy women to obtain reference values. Women with (CM+, n = 53) or without (CM-, n = 55) CM history were identified answering the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Blood samples and clinical assessment were collected before lunch during the first, second and third week post-treatment admission. Flow cytometry was used to assess TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A plasma levels and ELISA assay was used to measure plasma cortisol levels. Results: At baseline, lower Th1 and Thl 7-related cytokines levels and higher Th2 cytokines levels were observed in crack cocaine users compared with reference values. Cytokines levels of cocaine dependents gradually became closer to reference values along detoxification treatment. However, when CM+ and CM groups were compared, increased levels of IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-alpha across time were observed in CM+ group only. Additionally, a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance was observed within CM+ group, which was negatively correlated with the severity of the crack withdrawal. Finally, loading trauma exposure severity, immunoendocrine and clinical parameters in factor analysis, we identified three clusters of observed variables during detoxification: (1) systemic immunity and trauma exposure, (2) pro-inflammatory immunity and (3) behavior Conclusion: Our results suggest the existence of an immunological phenotype variant associated with CM exposure during crack cocaine detoxification of women. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEarly life stress and tumor necrosis factor superfamily in crack cocaine withdrawal(Elsevier B.V., 2014-06-01) Levandowski, Mateus Luz; Viola, Thiago Wendt; Wearick-Silva, Luis Eduardo; Wieck, Andrea; Tractenberg, Saulo Gantes; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Bauer, Moises E.; Teixeira, Antonio Lucio; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Pontifical Catholic Univ Rio Sul; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)Background: Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors and ligands during early abstinence of crack cocaine.Methods: This study included 24 crack cocaine-dependent women with (CRACK-ELS) and 20 without (CRACK) a history of ELS. A healthy control group (HC), containing 25 participants, was included to provide reference values. the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history of patients. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), soluble receptors TNFRI (sTNFRI) and TNFRII (sTNFRII) were assessed on the 18th day of treatment.Results: the CRACK-ELS group had higher TNF-alpha and lower TWEAK levels compared to the CRACK and HC groups. sTNFRII was increased, but only in comparison with the crack cocaine group and the controls. TRAIL levels were slightly higher in the CRACK-ELS group, while no differences were found for sTNFRI levels. Also, TNF-alpha plasma level was positively predicted by abstinence severity and childhood maltreatment severity, and TWEAK was negatively predicted by childhood maltreatment severity.Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the newly secreted tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands, TWEAK and TRAIL, during crack cocaine abstinence, supporting the association between early life stress and peripheral pro-inflammatory levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A estrutura e o metabolismo cerebral de crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 12 anos vítimas de violência(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-03-23) Milani, Ana Carolina Coelho [UNIFESP]; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828693113292175; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7508415549513991; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6702640941720501; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious consequences throughout life. Child abuse victims experience many, often multiple, adverse experiences that may result in behavioral changes and psychopathologies such as posttraumatic stress disorder. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the impact of traumatic experiences on children between 7 and 12 years of age, victims of violence (with or without psychiatric diagnosis - PTSD or PTSS), on the structure and brain metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging in a prospective study. As a methodology, the study was performed longitudinally (one year follow-up) in children aged 7 to 12 years, victims of violence (with PTSD or PTSS), and compared them with controls exposed to violence (but without psychopathology) and with healthy controls in relation to brain structure and metabolism (in the region of the anterior cingulate gyrus) through magnetic resonance imaging. The results suggest that although structural abnormalities were not observed in patients diagnosed with PTSS / PTSS, metabolic changes (NAA / Cr ratio) were already present, which might reflect that structural magnetic resonance imaging may not be sensitive enough to Detect subtle or shorttime changes, unlike spectroscopy. New longitudinal studies with larger populations and for a longer time are necessary to elucidate the psychobiological consequences of traumas in childhood and adolescence.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Inter-relações da violência no sistema familiar: estudo domiciliar em um bairro de baixa renda(Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-01-01) Bhona, Fernanda Monteiro De Castro; Gebara, Carla Ferreira De Paula [UNIFESP; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Vieira, Marcel De Toledo; Lourenço, Lelio Moura; Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaAiming the identification of associations between different types of family violence, we performed a household survey using a probabilistic sample of 480 women, aged between 18 and 60 years (M=39.1; SD=12.2), from a low-income neighborhood of Juiz de Fora/MG. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales were applied. Psychological violence was reported in 77% to 89% of the relationships investigated. Physical violence was higher or equal to 20%. Associations between practicing and being victim of almost all types of partner violence were observed. Being victim or aggressor in the marital relationship was also associated with violence against children. These results highlight the circularity of violence and the relevance of preventive actions in the family.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Maus-tratos na infância e psicopatologia no adulto: caminhos para a disfunção do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2009-10-01) Mello, Marcelo Feijó de [UNIFESP]; Faria, Alvaro A. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea F. [UNIFESP]; Carpenter, Linda L.; Tyrka, Audrey R.; Price, Lawrence H.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School Butler HospitalOBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology, as reflected in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. METHOD: A selective review of the relevant literature was undertaken in order to identify key and illustrative research findings. RESULTS: There is now a substantial body of preclinical and clinical evidence derived from a variety of experimental paradigms showing how early-life stress is related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and psychological state in adulthood, and how that relationship can be modulated by other factors. DISCUSSION: The risk for adult psychopathology and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction is related to a complex interaction among multiple experiential factors, as well as to susceptibility genes that interact with those factors. Although acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress are generally adaptive, excessive responses can lead to deleterious effects. Early-life stress alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and behavior, but the pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction and psychological outcome in adulthood reflect both the characteristics of the stressor and other modifying factors. CONCLUSION: Research to date has identified multiple determinants of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction seen in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment or other early-life stress. Further work is needed to establish whether hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities in this context can be used to develop risk endophenotypes for psychiatric and physical illnesses.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Severe physical punishment and mental health problems in an economically disadvantaged population of children and adolescents(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2006-12-01) Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; Paula, Cristiane Silvestre de [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Rosimeire do [UNIFESP]; Duarte, Cristiane Seixas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Faculty of Psychology; Columbia University New York State Psychiatric Institute Department of PsychiatryOBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of severe physical punishment of children/adolescents in a low-income community, and to examine child mental health problems as a potential correlate. METHOD: This study is a Brazilian cross-sectional pilot study of the World Studies of Abuse in Family Environments. A probabilistic sample of clusters including all eligible households (women aged 15-49 years, son/daughter < 18 years) was evaluated. One mother-child pair was randomly selected per household (n = 89; attrition = 11%). Outcome (severe physical punishment of children/adolescents by mother/father) was defined as shaking (if age < 2 years), kicking, choking, smothering, burning/scalding/branding, beating, or threatening with weapon. Three groups of potential correlates were examined: child/adolescent (age, gender, physical/mental health); mother (education, unemployment, physical/mental health, harsh physical punishment in childhood, marital violence); father (unemployment, drunkenness). Severe marital violence was defined as kicking, hitting, beating or use of /threat to use a weapon. The following standardized questionnaires were applied by trained interviewers: World Studies of Abuse in Family Environments Core Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist, Self-Report Questionnaire. RESULTS: Outcome prevalence was 10.1%. Final logistic regression models identified two correlates: maternal harsh physical punishment in childhood (total sample, OR = 5.3, p = 0.047), and child/adolescent mental health problems (sub-sample aged 4-17 years, n = 67, OR = 9.1, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Severe physical punishment of children/adolescents is frequent in the studied community. The victims have a higher probability of becoming future perpetrators. When intrafamilial violence occurs, child/adolescent mental health may be compromised.