Navegando por Palavras-chave "Brachyteles arachnoides"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosActivity Patterns of Brachyteles arachnoides in the Largest Remaining Fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest(Springer, 2010-08-01) Talebi, Mauricio G. [UNIFESP]; Lee, Phyllis C.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Pro Muriqui Assoc; Univ StirlingTime is an important currency for primate energetics, reproduction, and survival. Here, we describe the activity budgets of a group of southern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) inhabiting the largest continuous fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest (210,000 ha) in Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (24A degrees 44A '-15A ' S, 47A ' 46-10 W), in the southern region of So Paulo State. We collected instantaneous scan sampling data to assess monthly, seasonal, and between-year differences in time allocation for the different activities for 2 complete, nonconsecutive years-1995 and 2002-and compare these with measures of food availability. Over the 2 yr, the group rested on average for 48%, fed for 28%, traveled for 22.5%, and socialized for 1.5% of daylight hours. On a monthly basis, resting correlated negatively with traveling in 1995, and strongly negatively correlated with feeding for both years. Feeding correlated negatively with traveling in 2002, with significantly more time spent traveling during periods of higher young leaf availability. Season was a major influence on activity: the group rested more during the hotter, rainy austral summer season, whereas feeding occurred more frequently in the cooler, drier winter season. We found no consistent associations between food availability and the time that southern muriquis spent in most activities. We suggest that these southern muriquis, like many other large-bodied and atelin primates, minimize energy expenditure while maximizing energy intake, which may be associated with their ability to be folivorous when their preferred fruit foods are less available. They thus adopt a flexible energetic strategy for coping with variable climatic conditions rather than being constrained by food availability.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Arquitetura e alometria de duas espécies arbóreas chaves para alimentação e ecologia comportamental do primata muriqui-do-sul (Brachyteles arachnoides, Atelidae - É. Geoffroy, 1806).(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-02-22) Ferreira, Gustavo de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Mauricio Talebi [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8900428205538307; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5653920913157657A perda e fragmentação de habitat é atualmente a principal problemática associada aos primatas neotropicais. Ao investigar árvores de grande porte utilizadas por primatas, estudos abordando a alometria e arquitetura vegetal podem ser aplicados na seleção de espécies que compõem estratégias de restauração florestal, como por exemplo, Corredores Ecológicos. A arquitetura arbórea está diretamente relacionada à captura de luz, ganho de nutrientes e capacidade de crescimento de indivíduos arbóreos, enquanto que estudos alométricos descrevem modificações nas características dos organismos durante seu desenvolvimento e crescimento. Diversos estudos se utilizaram da alometria e da arquitetura arbórea para entender as relações entre a estrutura relacionada a sustentação (tronco) e a estrutura relacionada a assimilação de luz (copa) em árvores de florestas tropicais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre as variáveis arquitetônicas em duas espécies arbóreas - Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne (Copaúva/Copaíba) e Ocotea catharinensis Mez (Canela-Amarela/Canela-Preta/Canela-Parda) - que são chave para a dieta e também relevantes à ecologia comportamental como substrato preferencial de deslocamento e sítio de dormida do primata criticamente em perigo crítico de extinção Muriqui-do-Sul no PE Carlos Botelho-SP. Os resultados demonstraram a presença de um padrão de crescimento diretamente proporcional para as variáveis estudadas, indicando que existe um grau de dependência entre o diâmetro do tronco e altura total e área foliar da copa para as duas espécies, reduzindo o tempo utilizado para se conhecer os valores individuais dessas variáveis em áreas candidatas para implementação de corredores ecológicos para Muriquis-do-sul. Foi identificada também a ausência de diferença significativa quando os padrões de crescimento foram comparados entre as duas espécies, indicando que esses padrões são semelhantes e que as espécies crescem de maneira similar, sugerindo que existe uma variedade na disponibilidade de sítios de dormida e descanso e de diferentes tipos de alimentos em um mesmo estrato florestal, minimizando o esforço empregado pela espécie em atividades de forrageio e deslocamento.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A escolha do alimento por bugios-ruivo (Alouatta clamitans, Primates, Cabrera, 1940) e muriquis-do-sul (Brachyteles arachnoides, Primates, e Geoffroy, 1806): composição da dieta e resistência à fratura de itens alimentares(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-04-25) Andrade, Enrico Sala de [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Mauricio Talebi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Food plants have chemical and physical defence mechanisms to avoid herbivory whereas primary consumers have adaptations to cross this barrier so as to reach their specific nutritional requirements. Southern Muriquis (Brachyteles archnoides) and Brown Howlers (Alouatta clamitans) are primates essentially herbivorous and have adaptations related to folivory and frugivory. Toughness is a physical property of food that describes the difficulty of propagating a fracture on some material. It is assessed by animals during biting and when indicate the digestibility of food (fiber content) probably passively influences the food selection by primates. This study verified if toughness influenced the food choice of Southern Muriquis and Brown howlers. Behavior informations about activity patterns of the studied species was collected using the scan sampling method (sample period of 10 minutes and, sampling interval of 5 minutes). It was calculated from activity patterns data, the diet composition by time spent feeding (TSF) on each consumed food type (fruits, leaves and flowers, both immature and mature). Sampling were conducted on rainy and dry seasons over four periods (December 2012 and October 2013, rainy, and also in May 2013 and August 2013, dry) on Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB, 24°06 e 24°14 S e 47°47 e 48°07 O) (in situ). Beside, samplings of food preferences of two females of Alouatta clamitans and two males of Alouatta caraya were conducted at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP), São Paulo-SP. Ten specimens of each food consumed by the animals were tested to get toughness values using a portable tester. The Chapter I of this dissertation presents the activity patterns and diet in situ whereas in Chapter II are presented the toughness values of the different food types consumed by the studied primates (in situ and ex situ). For activity patterns and diet, it was observed that feeding was the second most common activity performed (33.4% Muriqui; 30.3% Howlers) and the food type ?fruit?, rather mature ones, the most often chosen for both species. The highest proportion of fruit observed, indicative of frugivory, probably reflects the high-quality habitat of the primates, with proper availability of fruits over the annual cycle. For toughness of foods, it was observed that there is no apparent preference for a specific toughness range, but toughness seems to influence Howlers (particularly leaves) more than Muriquis in their food choice: Howlers consumed leaves with higher toughness values than Muriquis. For fruits and flowers, Howlers presented a trend to avoid consume food types with high toughness values, whereas for Muriquis, some foods with this feature were consumed in high proportion. Thus, this study suggests that toughness is relevant parameter in the study of food preferences of Brown Howlers and Southern Muriquis, especially to folivory, and probably herbivory.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estimativa populacional de muriquis-do-sul (Brachyteles arachnoides, primates, É. Geoffroy 1806) e avaliação da caça no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Continuum Ecológico de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-04-28) Landis, Mariana Bueno [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Mauricio Talebi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Muriqui is a Atlantic Forest endemic primate and is endangered. Actually, at São Paulo State, the main threat for his survival is the hunting pressure. Probably exist 1300 southern muriquis in nature, but, little is known about your conservation status, especially in continuous forest. This work was delineate to assist actions from Goals 1 and 2 of the National Action Plan for the Muriqui Conservation. For this, was estimated southern muriqui population from the north of Carlos Botelho State Park and was evaluated different areas in function of the occurrence of the hunting pressure and possible variations of habitat conditions. Were also obtained information about hunting occurrence over muriquis. Line transect census was used to estimate population density. Vegetation structural heterogeneity data were used to evaluate if possible differences between three areas could influence in the B arachnoides abundance. Census resulted in 56 muriquis subgroups registrations, in this way was obtained an estimates of 0,16 individuals/ha, estimated for the north of PECB. The southern muriqui density estimated is relatively high if compared with most of the studies done for the genus Brachyteles. Hunting doesn?t seem to influence in the different abundances found, this difference can be explained by habitat differences. Through informers selection method, eight people was interviewed with base in an semi structured script. Were also analyzed reports of the fiscalization operations accomplished by the park keepers and environmental police, from January 2008 to September 2012. The obtained data suggest the presence of two hunters profile: those interested only in the hunting, more frequent in the north of the park, and those that associate the extraction of palm with hunting activity, found in the south. This work brings the first analyses about one of the priority areas for the muriquis conservation, allowing a evaluation of southern muriqui populational status in the north of PECB. It?s observed the need of priority actions for the species conservation. As the hunting is the mean threat for the southern muriqui population, all of the actions elaborated by PAN Muriquis for the enlargement of the fiscalization measures with the purpose of reducing the pressure of the hunt in UCs are indispensable to guarantee the muriquis conservation in PECB.