Navegando por Palavras-chave "Autonomic Nervous System"

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    Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats from the same laboratory present different baroreflex gain
    (Drunpp-sarajevo, 2011-01-01) Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]; Moura Filho, Oseas Florencio de [UNIFESP]; Abreu, Luiz Carlos de [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fac Med ABC
    Background: A subset of normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats show lower baroreflex sensitivity; however, no previous study investigated whether there are differences in baroreflex sensitivity within this subset. Thus, we compared baroreflex among adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).The authors discuss one type of general forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with It's stochastic delayed equations as the forward equations and anticipated backward stochastic differential equations as the backward equations. The existence and uniqueness results of the general FBSDEs are obtained. In the framework of the general FBSDEs in this paper, the explicit form of the optimal control for linearquadratic stochastic optimal control problem with delay and the Nash equilibrium point for nonzero sum differential games problem with delay are obtained.Results: Approximately 1/10 of rats presented increased bradycardic baroreflex while around 1/5 showed attenuated tachycardic baroreflex. Rats with higher bradycardic baroreflex presented higher basal HR.Conclusion: There is significant alteration regarding baroreflex sensitivity among SHR from the same laboratory.
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    Análise da modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca em indivíduos saudáveis expostos à poluição atmosférica por tempo prolongado
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-26) Costa e Oliveira, Juliana Regis da[UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Ferreira Filho, Celso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1788268008188276; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6851397444757156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9086976469351911; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective. To analyze the autonomic modulation of heart rate in individuals exposed to air pollution for a long time. Method. We analyzed 109 individuals, aged between 18 and 49 years, living in an area contaminated by air pollution, located in the city of Cubatão (SP). The control area corresponded to the municipality of Peruíbe (SP). Intergroups were analyzed (experimental groups: 29 individuals living in the municipality of Cubatão and exposed for less than 15 years and 31 - individuals living in the municipality of Cubatão and exposed for more than 15 years, and 49 individuals in the control group) with linear indexes (frequency domain indexes - LF, HF and LF/HF, time domain - SDNN, Pnn50 and RMSSD, and geometric indexes - SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, RRTri and TINN) and nonlinear (symbolic analysis and Entropy of Shannon) of VFC. Results. All the linear and geometric indexes of the time domain presented statistical significance, with the exception of the TINN index. There were differences between groups CG and E2, and E1 and E2 in relation to RMSSD (p = 0.033, p = 0.042), Pnn50 (p = 0.030, p = 0.042), SD1 (p = 0.034, p = 0.045) and RRTri (p = 0.016, p = 0.019), respectively. The difference found in the SD1/SD2 (p = 0.024) was observed only between the CG and E2 groups, and in the SDNN (p = 0.035) and SD2 (p = 0.041) only between the E1 and E2 groups. In the frequency domain, only the LFms2 index presented a statistically significant difference. In the post hoc test, differences between groups E2 and E1 (p = 0.041) were observed. Regarding the symbolic analysis and ES, all items appeared with statistical significance, except for the 1V index. In the post hoc analyzes, differences between the CG and E2 groups were found in the variables 0V (p = 0.014), 2LV (p = 0.014) and 2ULV (p = 0.015). The ES variable presented differences between all groups (CG and E1 p = 0.035, GC and E2 p = <0.001, E1 and E2 p = 0.029). Conclusion. It was concluded that the group of individuals exposed to air pollution for a period of more than 15 years presented lower parasympathetic modulation, less global HRV, and greater sympathetic modulation when compared to the control group. And when compared to the group of individuals exposed to air pollution for a period of less than 15 years, less parasympathetic modulation and global HRV occurred.
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    Análise de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em doentes adultos com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico durante a fase crônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-08-27) Ricaurte, Natalia Buitrago [UNIFESP]; Silva, Gisele Sampaio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Alterations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after ischemic stroke might play a role in stroke recurrence and recovery. The heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a noninvasive approach of the autonomic function that analyzes parameters associated to parasympathetic or sympathetic activity and its variations. Although there is some data evaluating autonomic function after stroke, the characteristics of HRV parameters during the circadian cycle in subacute and chronic stroke were not well described. Objective: Our objective was to compare the HRV parameters in the time and frequency domains in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) in the subacute and chronic stages and controls without stroke during the sleep-wake cycle. Patients and methods: Holter registries of 179 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IS and 184 age and sex-matched controls were studied. The HRV analysis was based on 24-hour monitoring registries. Time domain analysis was performed based on the RR intervals. Artifact-free recordings were computed by fast Fourier transformations and used for the frequency domain analysis. The circadian variation was calculated according to the variation of sympathetic activity index (VSAI), and the variation of parasympathetic activity index (VPAI). Comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests. Multivariate analyses were performed with principal component analysis and three-way ANOVA. The statistical significance was established with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (p<0,001) and the Standard deviation of the averages of the NN intervals in all 5 min segments of the entire recording (SDANN) (p<0,001) were different in the two groups. For the wake measurements only Low frequency (LF) was different between groups (p<0,001). In the sleep measurements, High frequency (HF) (p<0,001), Low frequency/High frequency ratio (LF/HF) (p<0,001) and Very low frequency (VLF) (p<0,001) were different between groups. The (VPAI) was also different between groups (0,01 cases vs 0,16 controls, p<0,001). Conclusion: In our series, during wakefulness, the sympathetic was the predominant tonus in patients with stroke in the subacute and chronic stages. During 12 sleep this phenomenon was even more evident with an impaired sympathetic to parasympathetic shifting. This could suggest that in patients with IS even months after the initial injury, an autonomic trace could last over time and is more evident when the system has to be modulated from one predominant tone to another one.
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    Análise do estresse psicofisiológico e da correlação de marcadores de estresse durante a temporada de treinamento de atletas profissionais de futebol feminino
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-11-16) Botelho, Renata [UNIFESP]; Guerra, Ricardo Luís Fernandes [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3856113753837921; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlations between internal training load (ITL), cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), heart rate variability (HRV) and mood states, and the behavior psychophysiological behavior, over a season of professional women's football professional training. Methods: Twenty-three professional female soccer players were evaluated in five moments of the season: baseline (M1), pre-season (M2), pre-competitive (M3), competitive 1 (M4) and 2 (M5). The instruments and procedures used were: profile of mood states (Brunel Humor Scale), salivary cortisol (SC), creatine kinase, heart rate variability and internal training load. SC was collected immediately after waking (CD) and at night (CN), and the other variables were evaluated in the morning (8 - 11 h). Results: the athletes presented psychophysiological changes throughout the training, which were observed by significant alterations in CK, CS, SDRR index and the Stress, Vigor and Fatigue scales, as well as total mood disturbance (p ≤ 0.05), concomitant with an CIT variation (p ≤ 0.05) throughout the study. The M2 and M3 periods were characterized by intensified CK values (p = 0.001; ES > - 1.31 - M2 and M3), CD (p = 0.007, ES > - 1.06 - M2 and M3), Fatigue (p ≤ 0.05 - M2 and M3) and SDRR index (p = 0.01 – ES = 0.80 - M3). In the M4 and M5 periods, significant decreases in CK (p = 0.001, ES > 1.05 - M4 and M5) were observed, CD (p = 0.024, ES = 0.81 - M4) M5) and Vigor (p = 0.01 M5). On the other hand, the SC showed a significant increase in these two periods (p = 0.001, ES > 0.99 - M4 and M5), concomitant with the increase in weekly ITL in M5 (p = 0.040; ES = - 0.32). In addition, the Tension and Vigor scales obtained positive correlations with SC (r ≥ 0.48) and SDRR index (r ≥ 0.43), respectively, and the Fatigue scale showed no correlation with any stress markers (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: the training season of female soccer players caused significant changes in the variables CK, SC, SDRR index and the Tension, Vigor and Fatigue scales. The lnRMSSD and LF/HF indices, and the Rage, Depression and Mental Confusion scales did not vary in the analyzed weeks. In addition, the Tension and Vigor scales obtained moderate and positive associations with SC and SDRR, respectively, and that varied over the periods. Monitoring of ITL and stress markers, analyzed by study is recommended in female soccer players to avoid the accumulation of stress caused by the training season.
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    Avaliação de parâmetros cardíacos e respiratórios em fêmeas no modelo murino da Doença de Parkinson induzido pela injeção de 6-hidroxidopamina no estriado
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Macias, Tomas De La Rosa [UNIFESP]; Scerni, Debora Amado [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    In Parkinson’s Disease (PD), beyond the classical motor symptoms, are observed heterogeneous non-motor symptoms due to neurodegeneration of structures beyond the nigroestriatal pathway. Among these non-motor symptoms are observed autonomic dysfunction and respiratory disturbances, which are directly related with the main causes of death in PD patients. PD is more frequent in men than women, however little is known about how sex or sexual hormones affect the non-motor symptoms previously mentioned. The objective of this work was to explore the effect in female rats of ovariectomy and striatal injection of 6-OHDA (48 μg) on: (I) the number of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra, (II) heart rate variability (HRV) and (III) basal ventilation, hypoxic and hypercapnic responses. We observed that injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum provoked significant reduction (>50%) of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra, independent of ovariectomy. HRV wasn’t modified neither by ovariectomy nor by 6-OHDA injection, in contrast with previous results in males which showed HRV reduction after a similar dose of 6-OHDA. We hypothesize that a vagal predominance in females could be cardioprotector against HRV reduction provoked by 6-OHDA. Regarding ventilatory function, ovariectomy diminished basal ventilation (η2=0,799), as well as hypercapnic response (η2=0,715). The reduction in basal ventilation and hypercapnic response previously observed in males after 6-OHDA injection wasn’t replicated in females, with exception of a reduction of respiratory frequency in 6-OHDA+OVX group. This could suggest the conservation in females of ventilatory function by sexual hormones and their receptors in the nuclei involved in ventilatory function and chemoreception. In this study we provide evidence supporting the influence of sexual hormones on cardiac and respiratory function, and a possible neuroprotetor role against 6-OHDA insult.
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    Avaliação do controle autonômico baseada na análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca: proposta de método otimizado para ativação vagal e aplicação da ferramenta para estimativa da dor em intervenções clínicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-15) Scassola, Catharina Maria Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Casali, Karina Rabello [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The cardiac homeostasis hinge on the dynamic balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Most daily activities reflect a balance between these autonomic subdivisions, with sympathetic activity being dominant in stress situations, whilst vagal is associated with rest and digestion functions. Control of cardiac homeostasis occurs especially through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings scattered throughout the heart, which directly interfere with heart rate and beat-to-beat variability. As the action of such branches occurs differently, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides information about the regulation of heart rhythm dictated by the central nervous system through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve discharge. Studies defend that HRV will become an indispensable clinical measure in the following years thanks to its noninvasiveness and sensibility to the detection of several clinical complications, having valuable diagnostic and prognostic attributes. One of the proposed applications of the HRV analysis in a clinical setting is in the quantification of pain through the sympathetic activation usually present. Maneuvers of sympathetic and vagal activation are used in order to evaluate the ANS through HRV analysis, quantifying the individual autonomic response in physiological and pathological situations. The maneuver used for vagal activation has limitations that can induce effects contrary to those desired. This work is divided on two fronts. In the first part, we propose a method to optimize the intervention through more homogeneous autonomic responses. Such methodology can be used for both relaxation and clinical purposes. The HRV spectral analysis was used to support the proposal of this new method for the evaluation of autonomic control during the controlled ventilation maneuver in volunteers. In the second part, we evaluated the autonomic profile (through HRV) and the pain level of pre and postsurgical patients in order to observe the clinical effects of two different surgical approaches.
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    Comparação entre respostas cognitivas e fisiológicas no reconhecimento de emoções básicas e complexas em adultos com TEA de alto funcionamento
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-05-28) Santos, Érica Garisto Rocha dos [UNIFESP]; Mello, Cláudia Berlim de [UNIFESP]; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4728278A7; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K8641586Z5; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: This study aims to investigate aspects related to differences between cognitive and physiological responses and between basic and complex emotions in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by deficits in social cognition, including difficulties in recognizing emotions. Method: In this study, 20 adults with high functioning ASD and 19 controls performed a battery of tests that consisted of: WASI; IRI empathy assessment scale; Basic Emotion Identification test developed for research using the KDEF database; adaptation of the Cambridge Mindreading Face-Voice Battery for Children test; and Prosody Identification test developed for research; measurements of beats per minute (BPM) and eye tracking were collected during all tasks. The data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation, logistic regression and nonparametric tests. Results: The TEA group performed worse than the controls in recognizing facial emotions, both basic and complex, and atypical eye tracking. Prosody recognition, however, did not differ from controls in congruent conditions and without an emotional context. Increased BPM occurred in all tasks, as well in rest state. Conclusion: Results are within the scope of the hypothesis of empathic imbalance in TEA.
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    Desenvolvimento de estimulador vagal auricular retroalimentado controlado por sinal respiratório
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-08-22) Faria, Gabriella Maria de [UNIFESP]; Casali, Karina Rabello; Uchiyama, Tatiana de Sousa da Cunha; Amorim, Henrique Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6737487161341934; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2867784853735791; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2188710413184266; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3519076718437012
    O nervo vago é fundamental no Sistema Nervoso Autonômico, regulando a homeostase corporal. A estimulação transcutânea auricular do nervo vago (taVNS) é uma modalidade terapêutica que apresenta resultados potenciais em distúrbios crônicos sem a necessidade de procedimentos cirúrgicos para implantação de eletrodos. Estudos recentes apontam que a estimulação vagal sincronizada com a expiração otimiza as respostas terapêuticas da taVNS. Isso envolve o biofeedback do Núcleo Trato Solitário, influenciando o ritmo cardíaco e reflexos pulmonares. Neste contexto, a dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de estimulação vagal transcutânea com retroalimentação do sinal expiratório. Metodologias de instrumentação, sistemas embarcados, aquisição e processamento de sinais são empregados para a criação do protótipo. Sensores vestíveis e monitoramento em tempo real dos dados em plataformas de visualização fazem parte do dispositivo desenvolvido, que embarca algoritmos para processamento sequencial em microcontroladores. O dispositivo foi projetado por meio de softwares de design eletrônico e modelagem tridimensional, e fabricado com placas PCB para os circuitos e fabricação aditiva para o encapsulamento. Os sinais coletados durante a terapia, incluindo os momentos em que a fase de expiração é identificada, são comparados com a detecção de picos do software, indicando boa acurácia do código implementado. Com a capacidade de avaliar os efeitos terapêuticos em tempo real, a abordagem proposta permite o emprego do biofeedback no contexto da estimulação transcutânea, com oportunidade de personalização do tratamento para cada paciente. Os progressos alcançados durante o mestrado e apresentados nos artigos podem ser associados à evolução tecnológica da pesquisa em curso, como o nível de maturidade tecnológica, conhecido como TRL (Technology Readiness Level). Neste contexto, o protótipo atual está caracterizado como TRL4, com a validação do estimulador em ambiente laboratorial. A temática abordada no mestrado é de natureza multidisciplinar, evidenciando o potencial da engenharia biomédica no desenvolvimento de soluções para melhorar a eficácia de tecnologias de intervenção e tratamento terapêutico, como é o caso da terapia inovadora da taVNS retroalimentada por sinais fisiológicos.
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    Efeitos Agudos Da Bebida Energética Sobre A Recuperação Do Controle Autonômico Da Frequência Cardíaca Após Exercício Aeróbio Moderado
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-03-29) Porto, Andrey Alves [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Energy Drinks (Ed) Intake Could Lead To Physiological Changes Due To Its Stimulant Characteristics, And Thus Be Able To Provide Energy, Improve Endurance And Athletic Performance. In View Of This, The Hypothesis Is Raised That Ed Could Promote A Significant Impact On Recovery Of The Autonomic Nervous System After Submaximal Aerobic Exercise. Objective: To Verify The Acute Effects Of Ed Ingestion On Autonomic Heart Rate (Hr) Control Recovery After A Submaximal Aerobic Exercise Session. Method: The Study Was Performed By Submitting 29 Healthy Men Between 18 And 30 Years Old To Three Protocols: I) Maximum Exercise Test By The Adapted Bruce Protocol; Ii) Placebo Protocol (Pp) - Water Intake 15 Minutes Before Exercise, Rest In Dorsal Decubitus For 15 Minutes Followed By 5 Minutes Of Treadmill Running At 1% Inclination, Initial Speed Of 5 Km / H For 5 Minutes 25 Minutes With 60% Of The Velocity Corresponding To The Maximum Oxygen Consumption (Vo2max), And Finally 60 Minutes Of Recovery In Rest In The
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    Efeitos de um programa global de exercícios de alongamento muscular em idosos hipertensos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-12-21) Sousa, Luann Brasil Bauduin de [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Moisés Felipe Pereira [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9006113566107506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9184253273261799; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A expectativa de vida da população brasileira e mundial vem aumentando ao longo dos anos, aumentando-se o número de indivíduos idosos. Estes, com o processo de envelhecimento, ficam mais vulneráveis a aquisição de doenças, como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Além de ser uma doença, a hipertensão é um importante fator de risco para outras doenças cardiovasculares. Desta forma, torna-se necessário a aplicação de terapias anti-hipertensivas, como a prática de exercícios físicos, que é um importante componente não-farmacológico do tratamento da hipertensão arterial. A literatura já está bem consolidada sobre os efeitos benéficos de algumas modalidades de exercícios físicos, como os aeróbios, sobre a pressão arterial. No entanto, existem poucos estudos demonstrando os efeitos do treinamento com outros tipos de exercícios, como o alongamento muscular, sobre a pressão arterial e outras variáveis do sistema cardiovascular. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos exercícios de alongamento muscular sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de idosos hipertensos. Foram selecionados 22 idosos hipertensos que não praticavam atividade física sistematizada há pelos 6 meses. Os mesmos foram submetidos a uma intervenção de 16 semanas, com 3 sessões semanais de 60 minutos, de exercícios de alongamento muscular estático ativo. Foram avaliadas, nos momentos pré e pós-treinamento, as seguintes variáveis: flexibilidade geral e específica de isquiotibiais, capacidade funcional, pressão arterial ambulatorial, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Após desistências e exclusões, foram analisados os dados de 9 voluntários. Os resultados mostraram melhoras estatisticamente significativas na flexibilidade geral e específica de isquiotibiais, aumento no índice de aptidão funcional geral e na variável RMSSD, e diminuição significativa da pressão arterial diastólica do período de sono. Os resultados das variáveis de qualidade de vida não obtiveram diferenças significativas entre os momentos avaliados. Assim, conclui-se que a intervenção de 16 semanas com exercícios de alongamento foi efetiva na melhora do tônus vagal, na redução da pressão arterial diastólica do período de sono e na melhora da capacidade funcional de idosos hipertensos. Além disso, promoveu aumento da flexibilidade geral e específica dos isquiotibiais. Em contrapartida, o treinamento não promoveu melhoras significativas da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde.
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    Efeitos do exercício físico sobre o controle autonômico e função vascular de ratos expostos aos compostos nocivos do tabaco
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-10-31) Nunez, Ivan Alfredo Rodriguez [UNIFESP]; Campos Junior, Ruy Ribeiro De [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2520398649906832; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5588581634633188; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In turn, nicotine has been shown to induce oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in blood vessels. However, its effects on autonomic control have been scarcely studied. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVD. However, there are few studies evaluating the effect of PE on smoking-induced damage and the effects on autonomic control have not been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of EF on the control of cardiovascular autonomic balance and endothelial function of nicotine-treated rats. Methodology: In the first chapter Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, Control + PE, Nicotine and Nicotine + PE. The PE protocol was characterized by 45 minutes of moderate treadmill training at an intensity of 60 - 70% of maximum speed 5 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Nicotine was administered for 28 days subcutaneously at a dose of 1 mg / kg. 24 hours after the experimental protocols, the animals were anesthetized and catheterized to record heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV). Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for HR control was determined. Additionally, basal and maximal renal sympathetic activity (rSNA) was determined, as well as the BRS for rSNA control. In the second chapter, the properties of the sympathetic neurovascular transmission of the Control, Nicotine and Nicotine + EF groups were determined in an isolated vas deferens (CD) preparation. Additionally, the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on vascular reactivity of Sprague Dawley rats distributed into three groups: Control, Tobacco and Tobacco + EF was evaluated. Results: In the first chapter the animals of the Nicotine group presented a lower HRV, BRS and baseline rSNA. On the other hand, EF was effective in preventing changes in HRV, BRS and rSNA. In the second chapter, chronic nicotine treatment decreased the acute potentiation of neurogenic and myogenic contractions induced by nicotinic receptor activation, which was not prevented by PE. However, PE reversed endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Conclusion: Nicotine treatment altered the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system through baroreceptor reflex inhibition, decreased HRV and basal rSNA; which was prevented by the PE. However, at the level of the neurovascular junction PE exerts the positive effects mainly at the endothelial level.
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    The effects of auditory stimulation with music on heart rate variability in healthy women
    (Faculdade de Medicina / USP, 2013-07-01) Roque, Adriano Luís; Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]; Guida, Heraldo Lorena; Campos, Monica F.; Knap, Andre; Vanderlei, Luiz Carlos Marques; Ferreira, Lucas Lima; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Abreu, Luiz Carlos de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    OBJECTIVES: There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to the opposite music (70-80 dB). A different group of women were exposed to the same music styles plus white noise auditory stimulation (90 dB). The sequence of the songs was randomized for each individual. We analyzed the following indices: triangular index, triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincaré plot (standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability, standard deviation of the long-term RR interval, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of the long-term RR interval ratio), low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio, standard deviation of all the normal RR intervals, root-mean square of differences between the adjacent normal RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms. Heart rate variability was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. RESULTS: The triangular index and the standard deviation of the long-term RR interval indices were reduced during exposure to both music styles in the first group and tended to decrease in the second group whereas the white noise exposure decreased the high frequency index. We observed no changes regarding the triangular interpolation of RR intervals, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability/standard deviation in the long-term RR interval ratio. CONCLUSION: We suggest that relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music slightly decrease global heart rate variability because of the equivalent sound level.
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    Estudo da translocação bacteriana em um modelo experimental de hipertensão porta aguda e crônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-09-30) Toma, Ricardo Katsuya [UNIFESP]; Koh, Ivan Hong Jun [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Portal Hypertension (PH) is a Syndrome that clinically manifests with ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy and esophageal variceal hemorrhage, and is often associated with bacterial infections leading to death. Given the predominance of enteric bacterial origin in these infections, the causal factor has been attributed to the bacterial translocation (BT) phenomena. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the acute and chronic portal hypertension (APH and CPH) state on the BT process. Methods: Wistar EPM rats (n=62) were randomly distributed in 3 groups: BT, APH and CPH, with or without BT induction on the post-operative days 2 and 14, by oroduodenal inoculation [10 ml E. Coli R6, 107 or 1010 colony-forming units (CFU/ml)], which were confined in the small bowel for 2 hours period. Control groups (Sham groups) were injected with saline. The PH was induced by calibrated portal vein stenosis. Portal vein flow and spleen weight were monitored. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, spleen, lung, blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were cultured. Results: When the APH factor was associated to the high inoculum BT induction (1010CFU/mL), both higher positive percentage and bacterial recovery index were seen at the extra-intestinal sites as well as to the lung and peritoneal fluid, sites usually free of BT-event. Besides, usually BT-negative low inoculum (107CFU/mL) was able to provoke translocation. In the CPH period, lower translocation-index was seen as compared to the APH phase with both inoculum. However, the translocation susceptibility to the peritoneal fluid persisted at the CPH period. Conclusion: 1) PH factor modified the intensity, threshold and pattern of bacterial allocation to the extraintestinal compartments under this BT-model. 2) The acute PH state favored BT-process as well as the lung and peritoneal cavity susceptibility to bacterial allocation. 3) The chronic PH state was less susceptible for BT-process as compared to acute PH phase, although, peritoneal cavity susceptibility to bacterial allocation persisted. 4) BT process differences between acute and chronic PH phases seemed to have relation with the time dependent hemodynamic adaptation.
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    High-intensity inspiratory protocol increases heart rate variability in myocardial revascularization patients
    (Hospital Clinicas, Univ Sao Paulo, 2016) Rossi Caruso, Flavia Cristina; Simoes, Rodrigo Polaquini; Reis, Michel Silva; Guizilini, Solange [UNIFESP]; dos Santos Alves, Vera Lucia; Papa, Valeria; Arena, Ross; Borghi-Silva, Audrey
    Objective: To evaluate heart rate variability during an inspiratory muscle endurance protocol at three different load levels [30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure], in patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Nineteen late postoperative myocardial revascularization patients participating in a cardiovascular rehabilitation program were studied. Maximal inspiratory pressure maneuvers were performed. An inspiratory muscle endurance protocol at 30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure was applied for four minutes each, in random order. Heart rate and RR intervals were recorded and heart rate variability was analyzed by time (RMSSD-the mean of the standard deviations for all R-R intervals, and RMSM-root-mean square differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domains indices (high and low frequency) in normalized units. ANOVA for repeated measurements was used to compare heart rate variability indices and Student t-test was used to compare the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure values. Results: Heart rate increased during performance of maximal respiratory pressures maneuvers, and the maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure mean values were significantly lower than predicted values (P<0.05). RMSSD increased significantly at 80% in relation to rest and 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure and RMSM decreased at 30% and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure in relation to rest (P<0.05). Additionally, there was significant and progressive decrease in low frequency and increase in high frequency at 30%, 60% and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure in relation to the resting condition. Conclusion: These results suggest that respiratory muscle training at high intensities can promote greater parasympathetic activity and it may confer important benefits during a rehabilitation program in post-coronary artery bypass grafting.
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    Modulação autonômica cardíaca no modelo murino da Síndrome de Down - Ts65Dn
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-12-18) Roque, Adriano Luis [UNIFESP]; Silva, Talita Dias Da [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9924565440571557; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1873750574811476; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The Ts65Dn mouse is the most widely used animal model of Down syndrome (DS). Differences in autonomic regulation of heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with DS have been hypothesized. Pharmacological studies in animal models may help us understand mechanisms underlying observed changes in HRV in people with DS. Objective: Characterize cardiac autonomic modulation in a mouse model of Down Syndrome. Method: We recorded electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 10 Ts65Dn and 10 euploid control mice. For analysis of the data, we considered 30 minutes of baseline, followed by injection of adrenergic (isoproterenol) or cholinergic (carbachol) agonists.HRV analysis was performed using linear indices in time domain. Results and Discussion: Our results allow us to raise other hypotheses that may be evaluated in future studies, the amount of drug-degrading enzymes present in these mice, the sensitivity of the animals to these chemicals, the amount of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors of the Ts65Dn mice. Ts65Dn mice showed a possible overexpression of the GIRK2 gene and it seems to have increased cholinergic response and, consequently explaining the increase in heart rate variability found in these mice models of DS Conclusion: Ts65Dn mice presents deficits in cardiac autonomic modulation when compared with the euploid control group, mainly due to the reduction of indices related to global modulation (SD2 and SDNN).
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    Papel do sistema nervoso autônomo no risco cardiovascular em pacientes com Litíase Renal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-01-30) Zambrano, Lysien Ivania [UNIFESP]; Bergamaschi, Cassia Marta De Toledo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Introduction: Kidney stone (KS) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Studies indicate that there is a direct correlation between the presence of KS and CVD and that individuals with KS are more likely to develop hypertension compared to individuals without KS. Aim: To investigate the possible role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in cardiovascular risk (CVR) of patients with kidney stone. Patients and Methods: We included in the KS group 19 patients of both sexes aged 18-60 years and diagnosed with KS. The control group (CTL) was composed of 21 individuals without diagnosis of KS. MAP, SBP, DBP and HR at rest and in response to cardiovascular challenges in orthostatism, modified orthostatism, Cold Pressor test (CPT) and Stroop test were evaluated. Biochemical analyzes were performed on blood and urine. For statistical analysis the General Linear Model (GLM) of repeated measures was used for comparison between groups. Results: Regarding biochemical and urinary parameters, the LR group presented higher LDL cholesterol fraction (KS: 102.9 ± 24.0 vs CTL: 92.4 ± 33.0 mg / dL, p = 0.02), blood glucose (KS: 87.5 ± 8.5 vs CTL: 80.3 ± 7.3 mg / dL, p = 0.003) and urinary volume (KS: 1966 ± 789 vs CTL: 1600 ± 574 mL, p = 0.006) compared to the CTL group. During orthostatism the KS group showed orthostatic hypertension during recovery different from the CTL group (SBP, KS: 126 ± 15 vs CTL: 122 ± 9 mmHg, p <0.05 and DBP, KS: 81 ± 8 vs CTL: 79 ± 7mmHg, p <0.05). No differences were observed in heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. In the Stroop test there was no statistical difference between the groups during its performance and recovery. However, differences in the analysis of SBP absolute delta (KS: 9 ± 10 vs CTL: 2 ± 8 mmHg, p <0.05) and HR (KS: 13 ± 7 vs CTL: 8 ± 7bpm, p <0.05) were observed. the groups. Regarding CPT, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups. Conclusion: Subtle evidence of possible autonomic alterations in response to orthostatism and emotional stress testing was found, which could be related to the role of ANS in cardiovascular risk of patients with RS. However, further and more comprehensive studies are needed to determine the possible involvement of ANS in the cardiovascular risk of patients with KS.
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    Papel dos adrenoreceptores Beta 3 na função cardiovascular, em marcadores metabólicos e de estresse oxidativo em modelo de síndrome metabólica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-28) Dias Junior, Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Farah, Vera De Moura Azevedo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0437040349763990; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9022886792444223; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: to analyze the role of the adrenoreceptor ß3 (ARβ3) in the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) induced by fructose consumption. Methods: CEUA/UNIFESP: 6908290716; CEUA/UPM: 151/01/2017 – male mice after weaning (21 days, 18-22g) were assigned into 4 groups (n=15/group): Wild type FVB strain control and ARβ3 Knockout Control - free access to food and water for 8 weeks; Wild type FVB Strain Fructose and ARβ3 Knockout Fructose - free access to food and fructose added to the drinking water (10%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment was performed: intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and direct register of blood pressure (30min). The variability of the resultant signal was analyzed in frequency and time domains using spectral analysis. Blood samples and white adipose tissue, heart and liver were collected after euthanasia to: 1. White adipose tissue histology (Hematoxylin&Eosin); 2. Cardiac and hepatic oxidative profile; 3. Cardiac gene expression (TNFα, NFκß, Interleucin-1ß, NOS3 and adrenoceptors ß1 and ß2); 4. Serum lipid profile (calorimetric methods). The results were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test or Fisher’s LSD test. Results: Fructose induced glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia in both mice strains. There were no alterations in final body weight, but fructose increased fat deposition only in the wild type animals, as well as adipocyte area. The lack of the ARß3 itself caused an increase in adipocyte area. Fructose did not cause alterations in blood pressure and heart rate, but increased blood pressure variability in the wild type animals and in its own sympathetic modulation in both mice strains. Furthermore, the lack of the ARβ3 increased heart rate variability and in its own sympathetic modulation followed by a decrease on parasympathetic modulation. When associated, the lack of the ARβ3 and fructose lead to a decrease in heart rate variability and in its own sympathetic modulation, followed by an increased in the parasympathetic modulation. Fructose caused hepatic lipidoxidation in both strains. Besides, the lack of the ARß3 induced a state of hepatic and cardiac oxidative stress. Gene expression found a cardiac inflammation state and an increase in adrenoreceptor ß2 and nitric oxide 3 due to the lack of ARß3 itself or when associated with fructose consumption. Conclusion: MS induced by fructose is not dependent of the ARβ3. However, the ARβ3 is essencial for the cardiovascular homeostasis and redox/oxidative balance.
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    Relação entre estados de humor, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e creatina quinase de para-atletas brasileiros
    (Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2013-03-01) Leite, Gerson dos Santos; Amaral, Daniel Pereira do; Oliveira, Raul Santo de; Winckler, Ciro [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Brandão, Maria Regina Ferreira; Universidade Nove de Julho; Universidade São Judas Tadeu; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The main purpose of this study was to check any relationship between mood states heart rate, variability (HRV) and creatine kinase (CK) of Brazilian para-athletes. Were evaluated 12 athletes, members of the Brazilian Team of Para-Athletics. In order to evaluate the autonomic response the HRV of athletes was determined at rest, by collecting the R-R intervals within 10 min. It was also collected blood samples to analyze the total CK, and the Brums scale was applied to know the mood states of the athletes, being calculated the six mood states (tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and vigor). Analysis of the data was performed by Spearman correlation. The main results indicated a relationship between the parasympathetic modulation and the Vigor of the athletes (r = 0.50 to 0.53; p<0.05). The CK was not related with any marker. In conclusion: There was a relationship between the parasympathetic modulation of HRV and the Vigor, which is good for the performance.
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    A single bout of exercise with a flexible pole induces significant cardiac autonomic responses in healthy men
    (Faculdade de Medicina / USP, 2014-09-01) Ogata, Cristiane Mayumi [UNIFESP]; Navega, Marcelo Tavella; Abreu, Luiz Carlos de; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Cardoso, Marco A.; Raimundo, Rodrigo Daminello; Ribeiro, Vivian L. [UNIFESP]; Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Santo André; SP; Faculdade de Medicina do ABC Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia; São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: Flexible poles can provide rapid eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Muscle vibration is associated with a tonic vibration reflex” that is stimulated by a sequence of rapid muscle stretching, activation of the muscle spindles and stimulation of a response that is similar to the myotatic reflex. Literature studies analyzing the acute cardiovascular responses to different exercises performed with this instrument are lacking. We investigated the acute effects of exercise with flexible poles on the heart period in healthy men.METHOD: The study was performed on ten young adult males between 18 and 25 years old. We evaluated the heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains. The subjects remained at rest for 10 min. After the rest period, the volunteers performed the exercises with the flexible poles. Immediately after the exercise protocol, the volunteers remained seated at rest for 30 min and their heart rate variability was analyzed.RESULTS: The pNN50 was reduced at 5-10 and 15-20 min after exercise compared to 25-30 min after exercise (p = 0.0019), the SDNN was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to at rest and 0-10 min after exercise (p = 0.0073) and the RMSSD was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to 5-15 min after exercise (p = 0.0043). The LF in absolute units was increased at 25-30 min after exercise compared to 5-20 min after exercise (p = 0.0184).CONCLUSION: A single bout of exercise with a flexible pole reduced the heart rate variability and parasympathetic recovery was observed approximately 30 min after exercise.
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    STRAIN DIFFERENCES in BAROCEPTOR REFLEX in ADULT WISTAR KYOTO RATS
    (Hospital Clinicas, Univ São Paulo, 2010-02-01) Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]; Abreu, Luiz Carlos de; Imaizumi, Caio; Petenusso, Marcio; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
    OBJECTIVES: A subset of normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats show lower baroreflex sensitivity; however, no previous study investigated whether there are differences in baroreflex sensitivity within this subset. Our study compared baroreflex sensitivity among conscious rats of this specific subtype.METHODS: Male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (16 weeks old) were studied. Cannulas were inserted into the abdominal aortic artery through the right femoral artery to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Baroreflex gain was calculated as the ratio between change in HR and MAP variation (Delta HR/Delta MAP) in response to a depressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 50 mu g/kg, i.v.) and a pressor dose of phenylephrine (PE, 8 mu g/kg, i.v.). Rats were divided into four groups: 1) low bradycardic baroreflex (LB), baroreflex gain (BG) between -1 and -2 bpm/mmHg tested with PE; 2) high bradycardic baroreflex (HB), BG < -2 bpm/mmHg tested with PE; 3) low tachycardic baroreflex (LT), BG between -1 and -2 bpm/mmHg tested with SNP and; 4) high tachycardic baroreflex (HT), BG < -2 bpm/mmHg tested with SNP Significant differences were considered for p < 0.05.RESULTS: Approximately 37% of the rats showed a reduced bradycardic peak, bradycardic reflex and decreased bradycardic gain of baroreflex while roughly 23% had a decreased basal HR, tachycardic peak, tachycardic reflex and reduced sympathetic baroreflex gain. No significant alterations were noted with regard to basal MAPCONCLUSION: There is variability regarding baroreflex sensitivity among WKY rats from the same laboratory.