Navegando por Palavras-chave "Anthropometry"

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    Abdominal obesity in Japanese-Brazilians: which measure is best for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality?
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2011-10-01) Bevilacqua, Marselle Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This study aimed to verify which anthropometric measure of abdominal obesity was the best predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Japanese-Brazilians. The study followed 1,581 subjects for 14 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, metabolic, and anthropometric data were collected. The dependent variable was vital status (alive or dead) at the end of the study, and the independent variable was presence of abdominal obesity according to different baseline measures. The mortality rate was estimated, and Poisson regression was used to obtain mortality rate ratios with abdominal obesity, adjusted simultaneously for the other variables. The mortality rate was 10.68/thousand person-years. Male gender, age > 60 years, and arterial hypertension were independent risk factors for mortality. The results indicate that prevalence of abdominal obesity was high among Japanese-Brazilians, and that waist/hip ratio was the measure with the greatest capacity to predict mortality (especially cardiovascular mortality) in this group.
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    Accuracy of sagittal abdominal diameter as predictor of abdominal fat among Brazilian adults: a comparation with waist circumference
    (Aula Medica Ediciones, 2010-07-01) Pimentel, Gustavo Duarte [UNIFESP]; Portero-McLellan, K. C.; Maesta, N.; Corrente, J. E.; Burini, R. C.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); PUC
    Aim: We aim was to compare the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) with waist circumference (WC) as a predictor of central obesity among adults and to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the best cut-off point for SAD.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 266 Brazilians adults (euthrophic and overweight), aged 31-84 years old, of which 89 men and 177 women, was carried out. Anthropometric measurements such as SAD, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, waist and hip ratio, body mass index, body fat percentage were performed. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the best cut off point for SAD as a predictor of central obesity. Statistical analysis were considered significant with a value of p < 0.05.Results: the SAD measurement was positively correlated with WC for both genders, although stronger among overweight and obesity women (r = 0.71; p < 0.001 and r = 0.79; p < 0.001, respectively) than men. ROC curves identified the best cut-off points for SAD of 23.1 cm and 20.1 cm for men and women (96% and 85% sensitivity, 86% and 84% specificity, respectively).Conclusion: SAD measurement may be used as an anthropometric tool to identify central obesity among women for presenting adequate sensitivity and specificity.
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    Anthropometry of the Breast Region: How to Measure?
    (Springer, 2014-04-01) Espírito Santo, Paulo Rogério Quieregatto do [UNIFESP]; Hochman, Bernardo [UNIFESP]; Ferrara, Soraia F. [UNIFESP]; Furtado, Fabianne [UNIFESP]; Liebano, Richard E. [UNIFESP]; Sabino Neto, Miguel [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Lydia M. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Breast region measurements are important for research, but they may also become significant in the legal field as a quantitative tool for preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Direct anthropometric measurements can be taken in clinical practice. the aim of this study was to compare direct breast anthropometric measurements taken with a tape measure and a compass.Forty women, aged 18-60 years, were evaluated. They had 14 anatomical landmarks marked on the breast region and arms. the union of these points formed eight linear segments and one angle for each side of the body. the volunteers were evaluated by direct anthropometry in a standardized way, using a tape measure and a compass.Differences were found between the tape measure and the compass measurements for all segments analyzed (p > 0.05).Measurements obtained by tape measure and compass are not identical. Therefore, once the measurement tool is chosen, it should be used for the pre- and postoperative measurements in a standardized way.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. for a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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    Antropometria de escolares ao ingresso no ensino fundamental na cidade de Belém, Pará, 2001
    (Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, 2006-03-01) Neves, Olga Maria Domingues das; Brasil, Anne Lise Dias [UNIFESP]; Brasil, Laélia Maria Barra Feio; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Pará Departamento de Assistência Materno Infantil II; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: to perform anthropometric measurements in elementary school students of the public school system of the State of Belém, Pará, as a tool for nutritional surveillance and to study associations between nutritional status and biological, social and economic characteristics. METHODS: 793 students were assessed for their nutritional status, by z scores of height/age and weight /height according to the World Health Organization criteria. Biological, social and economic variables were: gender, age, place of birth, age of school enrolment and maternal education level. The chi square test was used to relate nutritional status to variables. RESULTS: of the 637 students assessed, 16.6% were of low stature or in risk of low stature, 4.5% malnourished or in risk of malnourishment, 7.4% were overweight or obese. There was no significant association between nutritional status and gender. The majority of the children was born in the capital, was enrolled late in school and had mothers with education level of >4 years. There was a significant correlation between obesity and low stature with low maternal education level; malnutrition risk and low stature with late school enrolment; and obesity and normal stature with regular enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: low maternal school level and late school enrollment are associated to nutritional problems. School nutritional surveillance is important to assess, treat and prevent children's health and nutrition risks.
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    Apresentação de um novo dispositivo para mensuração do ângulo de torção da perna
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, 2004-06-01) Lawand, Sérgio José; Ramalho Júnior, Amâncio; Smith, Ricardo Luiz [UNIFESP]; SBOT; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Variations and deformities of lower limbs involving rotation in the transverse plane are associated with many clinical problems, ranging from harmless in-toing in children to disabling degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee in adult patients. While the bone alterations located in the transverse plane are difficult to be assessed, the frontal and sagittal deformities can be easily assessed , for instance, with the conventional radiographies. In this context, among the most available methods for the leg rotational study, there is not any clinical or image procedure which is more accurate, practical or with low cost. In order to solve this problem, the authors present a new device to indirect clinical standard of the leg torsion angle in adults and children. In this study, 40 lower limbs from human cadavers were assessed and analyzed.
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    Assessment of quality of life, anxiety, socio-economic factors and caries experience in Brazilian children with overweight and obesity
    (Wiley, 2017) Araujo, Darlle Santos; Marquezin, Maria Carolina Salomé; Barbosa, Tais de Souza; Fonseca, Fernando Luiz Affonso [UNIFESP]; Fegadolli, Claudia [UNIFESP]; Castelo, Paula Midori [UNIFESP]
    Purpose: This study evaluated the association between excess weight and quality of life (QoL), symptoms of anxiety, caries experience and socio-economic factors in a representative sample of 8- to 10-year-old children from three public schools of Piracicaba (SP, Brazil). Materials and methods: The Autoquestionnaire Qualite de Vie Enfant Image was applied to explore family and social relations, activities, health, body functions and separation domains, and, by means of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, symptoms of anxiety were screened. Clinical examination was performed using DMFT/dmft indexes to assess oral health and caries experience. Medical and nutritional history, parents' schooling, monthly income and ownership of household goods and services were also evaluated. Results: Of the 313 subjects included, four subjects were underweight, 188 normal weight, 67 overweight and 54 presented obesity (38.7% with excess weight). Measures of QoL, anxiety scores and caries experience did not differ between groups. The regression model showed a significant association between excess weight and the ownership of household goods and services (OR = 5.4/CI = 1.6-18.3). Conclusions: High prevalence of excess weight was observed among prepubertal children, emphasizing the need for continued health programmes to limit risk factors for obesity. QoL, anxiety scores and caries experience did not differ between subjects with different body weights, although children from public schools with higher ownership of goods and services were more likely to present excess weight.
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    Associação entre o consumo máximo de oxigênio estimado e índices antropométricos e de composição corporal em adultos assintomáticos: resultados longitudinais do estudo EPIMOV
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-11-27) Nicoli, Huberto Barbosa [UNIFESP]; Dourado, Victor Zuniga [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1919368500743497; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8072225549023898; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    INTRODUÇÃO: A aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) é considerada fator de risco cardiovascular tão importante quanto fatores clássicos. Pode ser medida diretamente pelo consumo máximo de O2 (VO2max). Entretanto, essa medida requer equipamentos sofisticados e recursos humanos treinados. Portanto, estimativas do VO2max utilizando atributos alheios ao exercício têm sido validadas para tornar a ACR uma avaliação rotineira na prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação longitudinal entre o VO2max estimado e a antropometria e composição corporal de adultos assintomáticos e validar essas associações em comparação ao VO2max diretamente avaliado. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 1.295 indivíduos (60% mulheres, 42 ± 14 anos, 28 ± 6 kg/m2) do Estudo Epidemiológico do Movimento Humano (EPIMOV). Destes, 754 foram reavaliados após um ano e 498 após dois anos. O VO2max foi avaliado diretamente durante um TECP em esteira ergométrica. Peso, estatura e circunferências da cintura e do quadril foram as medidas antropométricas mensuradas. Calculamos, então, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), em kg/m2, e a relação cintura/quadril. A composição corporal foi avaliada por bioimpedância na qual estimamos a massa magra (MMC) e a gordura corporal. O VO2max estimado (eVO2max) foi calculado utilizando a equação desenvolvida por Dourado et al. (2022). Os participantes com valores de VO2max e eVO2max < 9 equivalentes metabólicos foram considerados com baixa ACR. A atividade física foi quantificada por acelerometria triaxial (Actigraph GT3x+) por 4-7 dias consecutivos. Foram considerados fisicamente inativos os que apresentaram menos que 150 min/semana de atividade física moderada-vigorosa. Os índices antropométricos e de composição corporal foram considerados como desfechos em modelos lineares mistos, com o tempo de seguimento e o VO2max/eVO2max dicotomizado como fatores fixos e os sujeitos como fator aleatório. Os modelos foram ajustados por idade, sexo, risco cardiovascular e inatividade física. Utilizamos primeiramente o VO2max como índice de ACR e repetimos os modelos com o eVO2max. RESULTADOS: Após o seguimento, os participantes com baixa ACR apresentaram aumento significativo do peso corporal em kg (VO2max: diferença média ± erro padrão, 1,54 ± 0,71; p = 0.047 vs. eVO2max: 1,49 ± 0,70; p = 0,033) e do IMC (VO2max: 0,78 ± 0,38; p = 0,040 vs. eVO2max: 0,69 ± 0,24; p = 0,005) e os participantes com maior ACR apresentaram redução significativa da circunferência da cintura em cm (VO2max: -3,54 ± 0,81; p < 0,001 vs. eVO2max: -3,98 ± 0,78; p < 0,001) e da cintura/quadril (VO2max: -0,025 ± 0,006; p < 0,001 vs. eVO2max: -0,028 ± 0,006; p < 0,006). A MMC em percentual do total aumentou significativamente nos participantes com maior ACR (VO2max: 2,48 ± 0,51; p < 0,001 vs. eVO2max: 2,77 ± 0,50; p < 0,001). Os resultados para a gordura corporal em percentual do total não atingiram significância estatística para os participantes com baixa ACR. CONCLUSÃO: A baixa ACR está associada com piora antropométrica e da composição corporal em adultos em curto prazo, podendo ser um fator causal de obesidade, independentemente do nível de atividade física. As estimativas da ACR do presente estudo foram válidas para avaliar esta relação com índices antropométricos e de composição corporal.
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    Avaliação antropométrica de adolescentes Kamayurá, povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central (2000-2001)
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2007-06-01) Sampei, Miriam Akemi [UNIFESP]; Canó, Eduardo Nozaki [UNIFESP]; Fagundes Neto, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Lima, Evandro Emilio de Souza [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues, Douglas [UNIFESP]; Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Baruzzi, Roberto Geraldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Despite the proximity between indigenous groups in the Upper Xingu Region and Brazilian national society, studies have shown adequate weight-for-height and low height-for-age in indigenous children. Little is known about the nutritional status of indigenous adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of Kamayurá adolescents. Anthropometric variables were collected from a sample of 65 adolescents (31 males and 34 females). Mean height was lower than both that of the Brazilian National Survey on Health and Nutrition and the reference population of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. There was a high rate of overweight in both males (38.7%) and females (23.5%), and one female adolescent was obese (2.9%). No overweight adolescent presented both the triceps and subscapular skinfolds above the 90th percentile. There were no cases of nutritional deficit among either male or female adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of overweight, the nutritional status of these adolescents is adequate, since the group presents low adiposity.
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    Avaliação da recuperação nutricional de crianças desnutridas atendidas pelo centro de recuperação e educação nutricional (CREN)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 1996) Vieira, Maria de Fátima Alves [UNIFESP]; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]
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    Avaliação do estado nutricional e da composição corporal das crianças índias do Alto Xingu e da etnia Ikpeng
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2004-12-01) Fagundes, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Kopelman, Benjamin Israel [UNIFESP]; Oliva, Carlos Alberto Garcia [UNIFESP]; Baruzzi, Roberto Geraldo [UNIFESP]; Fagundes-Neto, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: To assess the nutritional and body composition of two Brazilian indigenous populations by comparing their nutritional status. METHODS: 95 children from Alto Xingu and 69 from Ikpeng were evaluated, ages ranged from 24 to 117 months. The study was performed in the Xingu Indigenous Park. Data collected were: age, weight, height, skin folds, arm circumference, resistance and reactance. The z-scores were calculated and classified according to the parameters defined by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS 2000). Shortness was defined as length or stature below -2, underweight as body mass index below -2, and overweight as body mass index above 2. RESULTS: Among children from Alto Xingu, the prevalence of shortness was 8.4%, while among Ikpengs the prevalence was 37.7% (p < 0.001). Underweight was diagnosed in 12.5% of Ikpeng's children. Values of fat-free mass were greater for children from Alto Xingu and no case of obesity was found. CONCLUSION: In this study, Ikpeng's children showed higher incidences of short stature and low weight than the Altoxingu's children. Data regarding body composition have greater values among children from Alto Xingu, thus we conclude that nutritional status among children from Alto Xingu is better than the one found among the Ikpeng's children.
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    Avaliação do padrão de recuperação nutricional de crianças desnutridas atendidas no centro de recuperação e educação nutricional
    (Associação Médica Brasileira, 1998-12-01) Vieira, M. De F. A. [UNIFESP]; Solymos, G.m.b. [UNIFESP]; Souza, M. H. Do N. [UNIFESP]; Ferrari, A.a. [UNIFESP]; Unegbu, H. [UNIFESP]; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    PURPOSE: To assess the pattern of nutritional recovery in malnourished children. This prospective analysis was conducted between September 1995 and November 1996 at the Center for Recovery and Nutrition Education (CREN) in São Paulo, Brazil. Of the thirty-eight children studied, 47.4% were infants (nine girls and nine boys) and 52.6% preschool children (twelve boys and eight girls). METHOD: Thirty eight children were studed by velocity of W/A and H/A gain in standard deviation or Z score, according to weight and height median of NCHS. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the weight-for-age (W/A)(p=0.012), height-for-age (H/A) ( p=0.001) from the time of admission.The difference in the velocity of W/A gain between infants (0.299-Z/year) and preschool children (0.684-Z/year) with more than six months of treatment, was found to be statistically significant (p=0.038). The difference in the velocity of H/A gain for infants (0.794-Z/year) and for preschool chidren (0.506-Z/year), was not statistically significant (p=0.166). In regards to gender, there was not a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the velocity of W/A gain (0.540 and 0.524-Z/year, respectively). The difference in velocity of H/A gain was statisically significant, 0.485-Z/year for boys and 0.856-Z/year for girls (p=0.043). CONCLUSION: These findings show that there are differences in the nutritional recovery patterns between gender and age groups.
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    Avaliação sistemática da via aérea superior e polissonográfica de crianças obesas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-04-27) Martinelli, Eli Onivaldo [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The relationship between obstructive apnea syndrome (OSAS) and obesity in childhood is still controversial, and works with obese children, until then, do not include a systematic evaluation of the upper airway (UA). The aim was to make a systematic assessment of the UA and polysomnography in obese children. Method: The study included 44 obese children who underwent an evaluation protocol that consisted of questionnaires, physical examination, nasofibroscopy, polysomnography and laboratory tests including fasting glucose, serum immunoglobulin E and Radio Allergia Sorbent Test (RAST). Results: Twenty-two patients (50%) were female and 22 (50%) males, mean age 7.6 ± 2.5 years. OSAS was present in 19 (43%) patients. When compared to gender, the presence of snoring and RAST were detected more frequently in males (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01). When compared according to the presence of OSA, the presence of habitual snoring, witnessed pauses and headache were more frequent in OSAS group (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.04) and anthropometric and laboratory parameters did not showed significant differences. The Polysomnography significant findings were higher obstructive apnea index (p <0.001), higher arousal index (p = 0.004), higher percentage of REM sleep (p = 0.003) and lower minimum saturation of oxyhemoglobin (p <0.001)in OSAS group. In the evaluation of the UA, pharyngeal and palatine tonsils hypertrophy and Mallampati index Modified classes III and IV were the only parameters that showed a higher frequency in the OSAS group (p = 0.05, p <0.001 and p = 0.05), and confirmed by logistic regression as risk factors for sleep apnea in this group of children. Conclusions: The occurrence of OSAS in this obese pediatric population was high, and pharyngeal and palatine tonsils hypertrophy and the modified Mallampati index classes III and IV were the markers of OSAS in this group.
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    Body composition and lipodystrophy in prepubertal HIV-infected children
    (Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2013-02-01) Palchetti, Cecília Zanin [UNIFESP]; Patin, Rose Vega [UNIFESP]; Gouvêa, Aida de Fátima Thomé Barbosa [UNIFESP]; Szejnfeld, Vera Lucia [UNIFESP]; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Fernanda Luisa Ceragioli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To identify lipodystrophy in prepubertal HIV-infected children using anthropometric parameters and body composition assessment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 40 prepubertal HIV-infected children of both genders seen at the Care Center of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo city, Brazil, was carried out from August to December 2008. Age, clinical and immunological status, prophylaxis, transmission and highly active antiretroviral therapy were recorded. Body mass index z-score and height-for-age z-score were calculated to characterize the nutritional status. Circumferences were measured with flexible tape and skinfolds were assessed by an adipometry. Fat mass and lean mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Presence of clinical signs of lipodystrophy was assessed by a trained clinician. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation were 9.8 (1.2) years, 50% were girls and 82.5% children from B and C categories. Clinical lipodystrophy and dislypidemia were present in 27.5% and 70%, respectively. The trunk to arm ratio and the limb to trunk ratio had positive association with lipodystrophy. Patients with lipodystrophy had short stature, higher triglycerides values and lower HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The ratios obtained by skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements can be considered as indicators of preclinical lipodystrophy. The cutoff points have not been determined yet; however, continuous assessment may be useful to identify early body composition changes.
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    Características antropométricas de nipo-brasileiros
    (Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2004-12-01) Taniguchi, Cana [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and to describe some indicative anthropometric variables of body fat distribution in a population of Japanese migrants living in Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 647 first- (n= 237) and second-generation (n= 410) Japanese-Brazilians of both genders, aged > 35 years, who had their anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid profile, and oral glucose tolerance test defined. Overweight and obesity were defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0-29.9 and > 30.0 kg/m², respectively; the diagnosis of abdominal adiposity was based on waist circumference values > 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women. Chi-square statistics and Student t test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Forty percent of the participants showed some degree of overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m²) and the prevalence rates of abdominal adiposity were 21.5% in men and 66.7% in women. Second-generation Japanese-Brazilian men, younger than 60 years, had an android profile of fat distribution; women were more obese than men and had both android and gynaecoid patterns, which were assessed by skin fold thickness. CONCLUSION: Japanese immigrants in Brazil - who originally did not present the obese phenotype - have followed the worldwide trend of progressive weight gain toward the development of obesity. In particular, such situation has been accompanied by an increase in abdominal adiposity, possibly indicating visceral fat accumulation, triggering metabolic disorders. Our findings suggest that Japanese descendants may present predisposition to abdominal obesity, which is triggered when they are exposed to an unfavorable environment.
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    Composição corporal por bioimpedância e antropometria de idosos longevos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-05-31) Bertolini, Audrey Andrade; Cendoroglo, Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6897068755022692; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7915549688395180; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP
    Introdução O envelhecimento é acompanhado de mudanças na composição corporal tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Nos idosos com 80 ou mais anos de idade, observamos diferenças entre os gêneros que repercutem na funcionalidade, sendo que os métodos de avaliação são importantes para dimensionar essas diferenças. Objetivo Estudar a composição corporal pelo método da bioimpedância e as alterações antropométricas em idosos independentes com 80 anos ou mais. Material e métodos Idosos com 80 ou mais anos de idade, funcionalmente independentes, residentes na cidade de São Paulo, foram convidados a participar do estudo e se submeteram a avaliação antropométrica e a avaliação de composição corporal por bioimpedância (BIA). Para a classificação do estado nutricional utilizamos os critérios da Organização Pan Americana de Saúde (OPAS) de 2003. As variáveis de massa magra foram identificadas a partir de equações preditivas de Kyle, Dey e Valencia. Para demonstrar a sensibilidade e a especificidade dos resultados do índice de massa magra (IMM) por BIA em relação às fórmulas e aos resultados de percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) em relação à prega cutânea triciptal (PCT) e à circunferência de cintura (CC), foram utilizadas as curvas ROC. Resultados Participaram do estudo 221 idosos (72 homens e 149 mulheres) com idade entre 80 e 97 anos. Os valores médios da CC foram diferentes entre os homens (95,3cm ±11,0) e as mulheres (90,9cm ±10,8), p=0,007. Do mesmo modo, o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), a circunferência de panturrilha (CP), e a circunferência muscular de braço (CMB), além do peso da gordura corporal. Porém, a PCT e o peso da massa magra (PMM) apresentaram diferenças entre os gêneros, com PCT em mulheres de 18,6mm ±5,7, e em homens de 15,4mm ±5,7, gerando p<0,001; e com PMM em mulheres de 37,0kg ±6,6, e em homens de 45,0kg ±10,4, gerando p<0,001. Encontramos uma forte correlação entre a gordura corporal e o IMC entre as mulheres (r=0,88, p<0,001) e homens (r=0,78, p<0,001), assim como CC em mulheres (r=0,76, p<0,001) e em homens (r=0,79, p<0,001); enquanto a CP apresentou uma correlação mais forte com a massa magra em mulheres do que para os homens (r=0,72, p<0,001; r= 0,64 p<0,001 respectivamente). Observamos que a CC, o IGC e o %GC estavam elevados em todos os gêneros, exceto para mulheres com baixo peso e eutrofia. A média do índice de massa magra foi baixa nas mulheres com diagnóstico nutricional de baixo peso. Ao compararmos o peso da massa magra por BIA e pelas fórmulas, o resultado mais próximo ao da BIA foi o obtido pela fórmula de Dey, para as mulheres eutróficas. Quando analisamos o índice de massa muscular esquelética (IMME), os homens de baixo peso apresentaram valores inferiores aos das mulheres. Conclusão Assim, nota-se que os métodos de antropometria e bioimpedância apresentam diferenças entre os gêneros na população estudada. Para a avaliação da composição corporal, precisamos combinar diferentes métodos de avaliação, tais como amassa muscular esquelética (MME) e o IMME e considerar as diferenças entre os gêneros
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    Computerized Photogrammetry Used to Calculate the Brow Position Index
    (Springer, 2012-10-01) Naif-de-Andrade, Naif Thadeu [UNIFESP]; Hochman, Bernardo [UNIFESP]; Naif-de-Andrade, Camila Zirlis; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Background the orbital region is of vital importance to facial expression. Brow ptosis, besides having an impact on facial harmony, is a sign of aging. Various surgical techniques have been developed to increase the efficacy of brow-lift surgery. However, no consensus method exists for an objective measurement of the eyebrow position due to the curvature of the face. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a method for measuring the eyebrow position using computerized photogrammetry.Methods for this study, 20 orbital regions of 10 volunteers were measured by direct anthropometry using a digital caliper and by indirect anthropometry (computerized photogrammetry) using standardized digital photographs. Lines, points, and distances were defined based on the position of the anthropometric landmarks endocanthion and exocanthion and then used to calculate the brow position index (BPI). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test with a significance level of 5 %.Results the BPI values obtained by computerized photogrammetric measurements did not differ significantly from those obtained by direct anthropometric measurements (p > 0.05). the mean BPI was 84.89 +/- A 10.30 for the computerized photogrammetric measurements and 85.27 +/- A 10.67 for the direct anthropometric measurements.Conclusion the BPI defined in this study and obtained by computerized photogrammetry is a reproducible and efficient method for measuring the eyebrow position.
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    Concentrações sanguíneas de zinco em lactentes prematuros e nascidos à termo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Silva, Talita Rodrigues Azevedo E [UNIFESP]; Souza, Fabiola Isabel Suano De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Introduction: In Brazil, about 11% of births are premature. Advances in neonatal care have increased survival, especially for moderate (<34 weeks) and very low birth weight preterm infants. Growth deficiency and micronutrient deficiency after hospital discharge are frequent situations in this specific group. Objective: To compare serum and erythrocyte zinc concentrations in infants born prematurely and at term during the period of complementary feeding, and to relate, in both groups, zinc concentrations with birth weight, gestational age, dietary history, dietary intake and current nutritional condition. Method: Cross-sectional study with 43 infants born prematurely (preterm group; 24 and 34 weeks), aged 9 to 24 months, compared with 47 healthy infants born at term (term group). Data collected: socioeconomic status and maternal health during pregnancy, anthropometry (weight, length and cranial circumference), background and food survey through the 24-hour recall. Laboratory tests: blood count, serum and erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and C-reactive protein. Results: In the preterm group, there was a lower percentage of breastfeeding infants (18,6% vs 53,2%; p = 0,001) and age of introduction of complementary feeding later [7,0 months (6,3; 8,0) vs 6,0 months (5.0; 6.0); p <0,001]. Serum zinc concentrations < 65 μg/dL and anemia were observed in 4 (5,1%) and 4 (5,3%) of the evaluated infants. There was no difference between the preterm and term groups in the mean serum zinc concentrations (94,0±23,4 μg/dL vs 90,3±18,0 μg/dL; p = 0,450) and erythrocyte (119,4±23,8 μg/gHb vs 112,7±23,1 μg/gHb; p = 0,307). The variables that were independently associated with serum zinc concentrations were breastfeeding at the time of assessment (17,9 μg/dL; 95% CI 13,1 – 54,3; p <0,001), age of introduction of the first meal main (8,3 μg/dL; 95% CI 5,3 – 11,4; p <0,001) and height/age z score (3,0 μg/dL; 95% CI 0,11 – 5,8; p = 0,042). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed no difference between the groups of infants born prematurely and at term in terms of nutritional status related to zinc in the period of complementary feeding. Zinc concentrations were influenced by breastfeeding at the time of collection and age at which complementary food was introduced.
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    Consumo alimentar, estado nutricional de gestantes e indicadores de reservas de ferro
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-05-25) Camargo, Rosangela Maria Souza de [UNIFESP]; Schirmer, Janine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Among the most important nutritional disorders in pregnancy, there is iron deficiency. Dietary intake of women in developing countries shows that most of them do not have sufficient store of the mineral to meet the high demands of pregnancy. As a consequence of prolonged iron deficiency, there is iron deficiency anemia, which brings adverse health complications for the mother and the fetus. Objective: To evaluate the dietary intake, nutritional status and indices of iron stores in adult women, of low risk, in the second trimester of pregnancy. Method: Crosssectional study conducted in the prenatal clinic of the Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller (HUJM), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá city, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The study population was all pregnant women attended in the prenatal care between May 2008 and May 2009, and 146 women met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from medical records and through interviews with application forms including questions about socioeconomic status and reproductive history. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate food intake. In the statistical analysis, normal distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; the Mann- Whiney test for averages; Chi-square or Fisher exact tests for proportions, considering a significance level of 5% to reject the null hypothesis. The data were described in the papers comprised in the thesis. Results: Among the pregnant women, 47% were younger than 25 years, 36% had not completed elementary school, 60% had family incomes below one minimum wage per capita, 19% lived without a mate, 41% were nulliparous, 37% had had an abortion. Concerning prenatal nutritional status, 21% were underweight and 29% had overweight / obesity. RBC indices with strongest correlation with each other were the hemoglobin and hematocrit, and between indices of iron stores, serum iron and transferrin saturation index. The prevalence of anemia was 4.8% (Hb <11 g / dl), and iron deficiency considering iron and ferritin markers was 30.1% and 39%, respectively. The foods most commonly consumed by pregnant women daily were rice, beans, bread, pasta, chicken, oranges, canned goods, eggs, and beef. More than a third of the interviewed women reported not eating ferrous sulfate. Conclusion: The study observed the importance of nutritional status before and during pregnancy, suggesting that pregnant women with overweight / obesity had more changes in iron stores markers in the pre-pregnancy, and during pregnancy the prevalence of overweight / obesity was 40%. There was no association between intake of food groups and alterations in iron markers; however, consumption of pasta, food fortified with iron, was higher among women with normal serum iron level.
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    Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de órtese produzido por manufatura aditiva para imobilização do quadril infantil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-09-13) Santos, Natalia Aurora Dos [UNIFESP]; Kunkel, Maria Elizete [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Infantile hip development dysplasia (DDH) is a common orthopaedic condition that if left untreated can cause sequelae in adulthood. DDH occurs in 5 out of every 1,000 births compromising femoral head insertion in the acetabulum. In infants over six months of age, the treatment of DDH consists of a tenotomy surgery and immobilization of the hip and leg joint with pelvipodalic cast for up to 120 days. Prolonged use of Spica cast generates various complications such as skin problems due to poor hygiene, itching, ulceration, dermatitis, infection, pressure area formation, plaster fracture in 11% of cases and increased body temperature. Despite the emergence of innovative products in medicine, few innovations have been developed in the area of treating DDH. This research was a collaborative project between the Institute of Science and Technology of the Federal University of São Paulo and the paediatric orthopaedics department at Doctor José de Carvalho Florence Municipal Hospital in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, which has DDH as its main cause immobilization of the child's hip with plaster cast. The research was carried out with the support of the company 3DTime and resulted in a prototype of children's hip orthosis, produced by 3D printing with deposition process of polymeric material in sizes P, M and G that can be used to replace the plaster in the treatment of DDH in infants from 6 to 18 months of age. The Design Thinking process was used to develop a device based on the experience of the user and their caregiver to minimize the daily difficulties encountered during DDH treatment. The methodology was developed based on a virtual baby corresponding to the age of 4 months that was modelled from a 3D humanoids platform and manufactured by 3D printing in the Salter position. From this model, hip orthosis prototypes with different closure systems were developed, manufactured and evaluated, until a final design was defined. A simplified computational simulation was performed to evaluate the structure of the orthosis. Two clinical trials were conducted with healthy volunteer infants using the orthosis to assess fit, ergonomics, comfort, closures and diaper change. The result of the research was the development of a hip abductor orthosis prototype produced from biodegradable material (PLA) with innovative, lightweight, durable, hygienic and ergonomic design. Research has confirmed the feasibility of orthosis production, but several scientific and technical challenges still need to be addressed in order to be able to perform clinical trials with the orthosis replacing the plaster in the treatment of DDH in order to solve this problem of paediatric orthopaedics by improving quality. of life of the baby and its caregiver in the treatment of DDH. The orthosis will be an innovative product that will serve the Brazilian market with the possibility of expansion to the international market as DDQ is a problem that affects infants worldwide.
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    Desenvolvimento neuromotor e crescimento pôndero-estatural de lactantes expostos ao HIV
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017) Oliveira, Luana Agapito de [UNIFESP]; Sá, Cristina dos Santos Cardoso de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9259523998158401; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4159092309525394; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O principal meio de transmissão do HIV para a criança acontece verticalmente, ou seja, transmissão de mãe para filho. Dentre as principais medidas profiláticas para evitar a transmissão vertical estão a terapia antirretroviral, o parto cesariano eletivo e a não amamentação materna. Ainda assim, mesmo que não haja infecção, tem sido visto que a exposição ao HIV tem apresentado impacto no desenvolvimento e crescimento infantil em determinados contextos. Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuromotor e o crescimento pôndero-estatural de lactentes expostos ao HIV. Método: Foram avaliados neste estudo longitudinal 14 lactentes de ambos os sexos, nas idades de quatro, oito, 12 e 18 meses, filhos de mães soropositivas que realizaram acompanhamento em um centro de referência de HIV/AIDS da cidade de Santos. Para a avaliação do crescimento foram aferidas massa corpórea e estatura, e como instrumento para averiguação do desenvolvimento neuromotor foi utilizada a Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta. Resultados: Aos quatro, oito e 12 meses de vida, 7,14% dos lactentes apresentaram desenvolvimento motor suspeito e aos 18 meses todos os lactentes manifestaram desenvolvimento motor adequado à idade. A estatura aos 12 meses encontrou-se abaixo do mínimo esperado para ambos os sexos e houve um declínio do valor mínimo da massa corpórea encontrada para as meninas dos 12 para os 18 meses. Conclusão: Os lactentes expostos ao HIV não apresentam alterações no desenvolvimento neuromotor nos primeiros 18 meses de vida e não há idade crítica para o atraso no desenvolvimento. Assim como possuem, de modo geral, padrão de normalidade para o crescimento pôndero-estatural, porém com idade crítica de 12 meses para o atraso estatural em ambos os sexos e 18 meses para ponderal no sexo feminino.