Navegando por Palavras-chave "Alcoholic beverages"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14
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    Alcohol use patterns among Brazilian adults
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2010-09-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Sanches, Marcos; Zaleski, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ipsos Reid; University of Texas School of Public Health
    OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of alcohol consumption in the adult Brazilian population. METHOD: Multicluster random sample of 2,346 subjects 18 years of age or older, selected nationwide. Interviews were conducted in respondents' homes between November 2005 and April 2006. RESULTS: About 48% of the sample had not drunk alcoholic beverages in the past year, with variations by gender, age, marital status, education, income and region of the country. Among drinkers, 29% reported drinking 5 or more drinks per occasion (men, 38%). Sociodemographic variables are associated with the frequency and amount of drinking, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse and dependence. Among the whole sample (including drinkers and non drinkers), 28% reported binge drinking, 25% reported at least one kind of alcohol related problem, 3% were alcohol abusers and another 9% were alcohol dependent. DISCUSSION: Abstinence is high in the Brazilian population. However, elevated proportions of those who drink consume alcohol in a high risk pattern (binge-drinking), report a high level of alcohol problems, alcohol abuse and dependence. National public policies must consider these factors, as well as the regional Brazilian differences.
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    Avaliação neurocognitiva no abuso e dependência do álcool: implicações para o tratamento
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Cunha, Paulo J; Novaes, Maria Alice [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of the Neuropsychology applied to the Alcohol Dependence field is the comprehension of the effects of brain dysfunction on cognition and human behavior. It investigates neurocognitive impairments and associates them to structural and functional neuroimaging findings (CT, MRI, PET and SPECT). Acute use of alcohol impairs attention, memory, executive functions and visuospatial skills, while chronic abuse causes neurocognitive deficits in memory, learning, visuospatial functions, psychomotor speed processing, executive functions and decision-making, and may lead to persistent amnesic disorder and alcoholic dementia. Executive Dysfunction related to frontal lobe has direct implications on treatment, by the choosing of strategies and for prognostic evaluation. It is presented an easy tool to screen cognitive impairments, the Frontal Assessment Battery - FAB.15 Neuropsychological Assessment is useful for early detection of impairments and evaluation of their evolution and Cognitive Rehabilitation has a significant role on deficits recovery and psychosocial adjustment of these patients.
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    Comorbidade: uso de álcool e outros transtornos psiquiátricos
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Alves, Hamer [UNIFESP]; Kessler, Felix; Ratto, Lilian Ribeiro Caldas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Departamento de Psiquiatria; Santa Casa Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica
    Alcohol related disorders often coexist with other psychiatric disorders and its incidence is increasing in last decades. Studies show that patients with comorbidity, specially those with severe psychiatric disorders, have higher rates of suicide, relapse, money spent in treatment, homeless and they use more medical service. Their evaluation must be meticulous because the differencial diagnosis become complicated without a long period of alcohol withdrawal. These patients have a worse prognostic and their treatment is more difficult. Most of studies in this area have indicated that the integration of psychosocial and pharmacological techniques is more effective. The long term treatment must focus in the reduction of symptoms, improvement of social and familiar funcioning, coping skills and relapse prevention.
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    Conductive polymer gas sensor for quantitative detection of methanol in Brazilian sugar-cane spirit
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-02-15) Péres, Laura Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Li, Rosamaria W. C.; Yamauchi, Elaine Y.; Lippi, Renata; Gruber, Jonas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    A low-cost chemiresistive gas sensor is described, made by the deposition of a thin film of a conductive polymer, poly(2-dodecanoylsulfanyl-p-phenylenevinylene), doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (10%, w/w), onto interdigitated electrodes. the sensor exhibits linear electrical conductance changes in function of the concentration of methanol present in sugar-cane spirit in the range between 0.05% and 4.0%. Since the sensor is cheap, easy to fabricate, durable, presents low power consumption, and is not sensitive to ethanol, acetic acid or water, it can be used in portable equipments for monitoring methanol levels in distilled alcoholic beverages such as Brazilian sugar-cane spirit (cachaca). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Consenso brasileiro sobre políticas públicas do álcool
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This is the summary of a meeting where a group of experts, representing several health organizations and academic departements from different parts of Brazil, created a consensus about the main alcohol policies which should be implemented by different levels of the brazilian government. The World Health Organization has been suggesting for 30 years the actions that should be implemented for the public good. Two important conclusions were reached: 1) The research establishes beyond doubt that public health measures of proven effectiveness are available to serve the public good by reducing the widespread costs and pain related to alcohol use; 2) To that end, it is appropriate to deploy responses that influence both the total amount of alcohol consumed by a population and the high-risk contexts and drinking behaviours that are so often associated with alcohol-related problems. To conceive of these intrinsically complementary approaches as contractory alternatives would be a mistake. The objectives of the consensus are: 1) To make the scientific evidences more available to the Brazilian policy makers; 2) To facilitate the evaluation of the available estrategies according their effectivity, scientific support, cost and cultural adaptability; 3) To make the brazilian health professionais familiar with the priorities of alcohol policies.
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    Custo social e de saúde do consumo do álcool
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Meloni, José Nino [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Based on the recent report on alcohol-related health and social burdens issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), this paper explores and discusses the evidence in support of the view that concerns about alcohol consumption extend far beyond consideration of personal and family health consequences, but should be considered in the context of major socio-political and public health priorities. The global findings of the WHO report are first discussed, followed by analysis of the specific findings regarding the burden of alcohol problems in Brazil. The social burden of alcohol problems is quantified by applying a unifying methodology which incorporates outcomes for alcohol-related violence, family problems, child abuse, public disorder, lost productivity, and other consequences. By analyzing the epidemiological date on alcohol-related morbidity and mortality data from each continental region and sub-region, and cross-tabulating data on average consumed volume and patterns of consumption, the burden of disease are estimated for the various regions of the world. The final results provide a comparative analysis of risk, basically using a representative indicator of number of productive years lost because of illness or premature mortality due to alcohol consumption (DALYs - Disability Adjusted Life Years). The DALYs global value in 2000 was 4% of world mortality, with this rate predicted to increase as global alcohol consumption increases. Variations among various regions in the planet are critically analyzed on predictive factors.
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    Epidemiologia do uso de álcool no Brasil
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade do Texas Centro Médico do Sudoeste Escola de Saúde Pública
    The authors describe the most recent and significant epidemiological studies on alcohol conducted in Brazil in the last years. The aim was to outline the pattern of alcohol consumption in the country through the analysis of population surveys (household surveys, drug abuse among students, homeless children) and statistical indicators (hospital admissions for addictions, data from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, related traffic accidents and information on sales of alcoholic beverages). The analysis of the data presented in this article suggests two basic points: greater emphasis should be laid on epidemiological studies in Brazil, through increasing the scope of research, as well as its systematic updating. Alcohol certainly has a strong influence in the etiology and maintenance of several social, economic and health problems faced in our country.
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    Evaluation of alcohol outlet density and its relation with violence
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2002-08-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Hinkly, David [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: The current study set out to investigate alcohol availability in a densely populated, residential area of suburban São Paulo associated with high levels of social deprivation and violence. Gun-related deaths and a heavy concentration of alcohol outlets are notable features of the area surveyed. Given the strong evidence for a link between alcohol availability and a number of alcohol-related problems, including violent crime, measures designed to reduce accessibility have become a favored choice for alcohol prevention programs in recent years. METHODS: The interviewers were 24 residents of the area who were trained for the study. It was selected an area of nineteen streets, covering a total distance of 3.7 km. A profile of each alcohol outlet available on the area was recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and seven alcohol outlets were recorded. The number of other properties in the same area was counted at 1,202. Two measures of outlet density may thus be calculated: the number of outlets per kilometer of roadway (29 outlets/km); and the proportion of all properties that sold alcohol (1 in 12). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study is compared with others which are mainly from developed countries and shown that the area studied have the highest density of alcohol outlet density ever recorded in the medical literature. The implication of this data related to the violence of the region is discussed. By generating a profile of alcohol sales and selling points, it was hoped to gain a better understanding of alcohol access issues within the sample area. Future alcohol prevention policy would be well served by such knowledge.
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    Evidence of association between early alcohol use and risk of later problems
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2007-09-01) Vieira, Denise Leite [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78% of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22% of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.
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    Gerenciamento de caso aplicado ao tratamento da dependência do álcool
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Figlie, Neliana Buzi [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This article aims is to conceptualize and describe the main steps in case management applied to the treatment of alcohol dependence. It is important to note the case manager functions, the importance of the first appointment, check the motivation to the treatment, some goals and activities suggestions for adherence reinforcement.
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    Highly reported prevalence of drinking and driving in Brazil: data from the first representative household study
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2009-06-01) Pechansky, Flavio; De Boni, Raquel; Diemen, Lísia Von; Bumaguin, Daniela; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Zaleski, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; University of Texas School of Public Health
    OBJECTIVE: Brazil lacks information about driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) originated from representative samples obtained from the general population. METHOD: 333 subjects with a valid driver's license and drinking in the last 12 months were drawn from a multistaged sample of 2,346 adults from the first Brazilian Household Survey of Patterns of Alcohol Use. A multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the associations between risk factors and driving after drinking three or more drinks. RESULTS: the overall DUI prevalence reported in the sample was 34.7% - 42.5% among males and 9.2% among females. Being male (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 2.9-12.6), having a previous DUI accident (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 2.5-24.9), binging in the last year (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.03-4.5) and having an unfavorable opinion towards policies (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-6.2) remained associated with heavy drinking and driving after model adjustments. DISCUSSION: This was the first study evaluating driving under the influence of alcohol in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. The prevalence of DUI found is alarming, and possibly underestimated in the sample. Results demonstrate the need for more studies on this association and show directions towards preventive strategies for the specific high-risk group of male drivers with previous problems with alcohol and unfavorable opinions about prevention policies.
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    Implicações para a saúde pública dos programas de responsabilidade social da indústria de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-02-20) Pantani, Daniela Silva [UNIFESP]; Streinger, Ilana Pinsky [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231949108968775; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7098732462671323; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: To identify, monitor and analyze through a public health perspective the corporate social responsibility practices conducted by the alcohol industry in Brazil. Methods: A content analysis was performed in 54 activities from Brazil, selected from the authoritative database of the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. The research protocol was developed by a group of investigators, including the author, and based on alcohol control and corporate social responsibility literature. The research also assessed the accuracy of information provided by the alcohol industry. As there was no “gold standard” for this purpose, researchers adopted the LEAD standard (acronym for Longitudinal, Expert and All Data). Results: Major alcohol producers performed the majority of the initiatives in Brazil (89%). Many activities were conducted with partners (78%), including government, universities, non-governmental organizations, social aspects and public relations organizations, and trade associations. The involvement of at least one governmental agency (as single partner or as one of many) was observed in 44% of the activities. The industry short descriptions reported an evaluation in 20% of the activities, most of them process evaluations (82%), and the majority (73,5%) could not fit into any category of the Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Consumption of Alcohol from the World Health Organization. The results also revealed that most actions (91%) were estimated on the basis of the research evidence to lack effectiveness or to have insufficient research to judge their likely results. Almost half (47%) of the actions were found to have the potential to market specific products or brands of alcoholic drinks. Conclusion: While these efforts seem laudable at first, the results question the quality and added value of the activities run by the alcohol industry in Brazil, and suggest they are being used in part to market the industry’s products. Besides, it seems concerning that due to the implicit marketing strategy, the Brazilian population does not have the possibility to defend citizens, especially vulnerable populations, as teenagers, from the type of propaganda, as defined by the Brazilian Constitution.
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    Organização de serviços para o tratamento da dependência do álcool
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-05-01) Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The problems related to the consumption of alcohol vary along a gravity continuum. Such a characteristic requests the construction of treatment services that assist to the needs in each one of these situations. Besides, the economical and cultural context of a given community covers the patient of particularities that need to be considered by the service of treatment. This way, the organization of services for the treatment of the dependence of the alcohol should begin for the determination of the structure interns of the institution and its place inside of the net of available attention. The whole construction should be based on the needs of the population-objective (obtained by diagnostic evaluations) and implemented with evaluations and constant monitoring of the wanted impact. Presently, manuals and guidelines available online aid and facilitate the execution of these actions.
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    Sexual abuse and alcohol use among women in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil: a general population study
    (Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2013-12-01) Oliveira, Janaina Barbosa De; Kerr-correa, Florence; Lima, Maria Cristina Pereira; Bertolote, Jose Manoel; Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of lifetime sexual abuse among women and at investigating its association with alcohol consumption.METHOD:Population-based survey conducted through a representative and stratified cluster sample of metropolitan São Paulo. GENACIS questionnaire was used. Sample unit was the home, and all residents aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The outcome was lifetime sexual abuse. The univariate statistical analysis used the Rao-Scott test. Logistic regression was used for the multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The final sample totalized 1,216 women aged 18 years and over; the response rate was 75.0%. Most women were married (56.6%) and had less than 12 years of formal education (59.0%); 46.2% were aged between 25 and 44 years, and 44.4% had a low income. Of the respondents, 7.5% reported having suffered lifetime sexual abuse. Multiple logistic regression model showed an association between lifetime sexual abuse and being a heavy drinker (OR = 4.97) and being a former drinker (OR = 2.04).CONCLUSIONS:There are few population studies in Brazil investigating sexual abuse and its relation to alcohol use. Although the prevalence of lifetime sexual abuse in the present study was smaller than that observed in other studies, it is a highly expressive percentage on account of its social and economic impact, as well as its potential effect on the health system.