Navegando por Palavras-chave "Alcohol"

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    A abordagem Cognitivo-Comportamental dos sonhos de alcoolistas
    (Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2004-04-01) Araujo, Renata Brasil; Oliveira, Margareth Da Silva [UNIFESP]; Piccoloto, Luciane Benvegnu; Magrinelli, Mylène; Szupszynski, Karen; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
    This work is aimed to carry out a theoretical review of sleep and dreams of alcoholics according to cognitive-behavioral therapy, and focusing on cognitive and neuroligical aspects. Considering that this approach is more indicated to chemical dependency, dreams, which are frequently used in Psychoanalytic Therapy, have to be studied under a cognitive-behavioral approach, so they could be used in clinics with these patients. The alterations in sleep of alcoholics, for example, could be taken as an alert about the risk of relapse, which indicate that sleep evaluation can not be disregarded by professionals, during the treatment of these patients. The reporting of dreams, by itself, can be a therapeutic instrument, very valuable at offering clues in respect of how much cravings are present in those who are trying to keep clean. If the professionals are successful about early identification of a risk situation as a craving, they could be more effective about the prevention of relapse. We concluded about the necessity of new researches on dreams according to this theoretical approach, as well as to evaluate their application in the chemical dependency field.
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    Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity. National Institute on Alcohol and Drugs Policies, Brazil
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-04-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Mitsuhiro, Sandro Sendin [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs (INPAD) is based at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, and was created to collect scientific evidence regarding epidemiology, develop new therapeutic approaches, study health economics and provide education to subsidize the proper measures to change the Brazilian scenario of alcohol and drug consumption. Policies directed towards the control of alcohol and drugs in Brazil are fragmented, poorly enforced and therefore ineffective. the unregulated market of alcohol in Brazil has contributed to the worsening health of the Brazilian population. Since 1994, INPAD has participated actively in academic debates and discussions about alcohol and drug policies and their effects on the political welfare of the country. Many scientific papers and books have been published on this subject, and the internet and other media have provided excellent opportunities for the dissemination of specialized information to the general population.
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    Alcohol and Domestic Violence: A Cross-Over Study in Residences of Individuals in Brazil
    (Springer, 2011-08-01) Moreira, Tais de Campos; Ferigolo, Maristela; Fernandes, Simone; Barros, Xenia; Mazoni, Claudia G.; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Fernandes Galduroz, Jose Carlos [UNIFESP]; Barros, Helena M. T.; Fed Univ Hlth Sci UFCSPA; Univ Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre; Univ Luterana Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The objective of this study was to investigate psychological or physical violence associated with the use of alcohol, in residences of individuals in Brazil and, also describe the social characteristics of aggressors and victims. Therefore, this study expects to contribute to studies in Brazil that seek to clarify the relations between alcohol and violence in residences. A total of 454 respondents, 12-65 years old, were assessed, they were sorted by the Kish method, and the residences randomly. the SAMHSA questionnaire was utilized after translated and adapted to Brazilian conditions. 26% of the individuals reported psychological violence, and 16% reported physical violence. the study's main results set the differences in the reports for physical violence (OR 7, 95% CI: 4-13) and psychological violence (OR 5, 95% CI: 3-8) in residences where someone arrived or became intoxicated with alcohol (P < 0.05). 50% of the aggressors were under the effects of alcohol, and 77% of the victims were relatives of their aggressors. Acts of violence are not necessarily associated with alcohol consumption. Men and women reported acts of domestic violence; psychological violence was the most prevalent form. Men are currently the primary aggressors, while women are primarily the victims.
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    Alcohol e-Help: study protocol for a web-based self-help program to reduce alcohol use in adults with drinking patterns considered harmful, hazardous or suggestive of dependence in middle-income countries
    (Wiley, 2018) Schaub, Michael P.; Tiburcio, Marcela; Martinez, Nora; Ambekar, Atul; Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh; Wenger, Andreas; Monezi Andrade, Andre Luiz [UNIFESP]; Padruchny, Dzianis; Osipchik, Sergey; Gehring, Elise; Poznyak, Vladimir; Rekve, Dag; Oliveira Souza-Formigoni, Maria Lucia [UNIFESP]
    Background and aimsGiven the scarcity of alcohol prevention and alcohol use disorder treatments in many low and middle-income countries, the World Health Organization launched an e-health portal on alcohol and health that includes a Web-based self-help program. This paper presents the protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of the internet-based self-help intervention to reduce alcohol use. DesignTwo-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with follow-up 6 months after randomization. SettingCommunity samples in middle-income countries. ParticipantsPeople aged 18+, with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores of 8+ indicating hazardous alcohol consumption. Intervention and comparatorOffer of an internet-based self-help intervention, Alcohol e-Health', compared with a waiting list' control group. The intervention, adapted from a previous program with evidence of effectiveness in a high-income country, consists of modules to reduce or entirely stop drinking. MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure is change in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score assessed at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include self-reported the numbers of standard drinks and alcohol-free days in a typical week during the past 6 months, and cessation of harmful or hazardous drinking (AUDIT < 8). AnalysisData analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using analysis of covariance to test if program participants will experience a greater reduction in their AUDIT score than controls at follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be analysed by (generalized) linear mixed models. Complier average causal effect and baseline observations carried forward will be used in sensitivity analyses. CommentsIf the Alcohol e-Health program is found to be effective, the potential public health impact of its expansion into countries with underdeveloped alcohol prevention and alcohol use disorder treatment systems world-wide is considerable.
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    The alcohol industry and the World Cup in Brazil
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-07-01) Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
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    Alcohol-induced risk behaviors among Brazilian nightclub patrons: a latent class analysis
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2018) Sanudo, A. [UNIFESP]; Andreoni, S.[UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Z. M. [UNIFESP]
    Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk behavior profiles associated with alcohol consumption among patrons during or just after departure from nightclubs in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The study used a two-stage cluster sampling survey design. Data were collected on a probabilistic sample of nightclub patrons. Overall, 2422 patrons were interviewed at the entrance of 31 nightclubs. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify risk behavior profiles with an emphasis on risky driving, fights, alcoholic blackouts, and harm and unsafe sex. Results: A 3-class LCA model was selected, with classes consisting of low (43%), medium (33%), and high (24%) risk patrons. Compared to patrons in the low-risk class, patrons in the medium-and high-risk classes were more likely to be men (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval {CI} [1.2-4.0] and OR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.8-5.8], respectively), to have engaged in binge drinking during the last year (OR = 15.0, 95% CI [7.2-31.3] and OR = 14.3, 95% CI [9.4-21.8]), to be in the highest socioeconomic stratum (OR = 2.6, 95% CI [1.3-5.1] and OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.2-3.5]) and to have been interviewed at a hip-hop music nightclub (OR = 2.8, 95% CI [1.1-6.8] and OR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.5-9.1]). Conclusions: Risk behaviors were not equally distributed among nightclubs. Individual-and environmental-level characteristics are associated with higher risk. Alcohol harm reduction, such as the implementation of a responsible drinking service, should be implemented in Sao Paulo nightclubs. (C) 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Análise de lacunas nas políticas de álcool no Brasil usando indicadores da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Oliveira, Camila Wanderley Lopes De [UNIFESP]; Dutenhefner, Zila Van Der Meer Sanchez [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    National alcohol policies need to be systematized and evaluated in terms of their content so that it is possible to identify the gaps that must be filled by future laws. Objectives: To identify and classify Brazilian public policies for alcoholic beverages at the federal and state levels, based on the ten domains of Alcohol Policy Scoring (APS) used by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), to identify any gaps. Methods: The documentary research was carried out in two phases: identification of documents and content analysis. The search included laws, decrees and ordinances for alcohol referred to in this text as regulatory documents (RD), enacted until December 31, 2019, in Brazil, in its 26 states and in the Federal District. The APS was used to classify and score the RD, which consists of ten policy domains (such as price, availability, marketing and health services, among others), weighted according to the level of scientific evidence for each strategy. 435 valid RDs were identified and categorized (21 national laws and 414 state laws). Results: In general, Brazilian alcohol policies account for 51.6% (255/494) of the PHC score, leaving a gap of 48.4% to be filled in the future. In the field of pricing policy, the second most important indicator of APS, the policy gap reached 87% in 25 of the 27 states, demonstrating an important weakness in this area. Only federal laws on alcohol and driving include all dimensions recommended by PAHO. Conclusion: The Brazilian government has adopted alcohol policies in nine of the ten domains of the instrument proposed by PAHO, while the states have managed to adopt all of the proposed domains. At the subnational level, despite having autonomy to complement federal laws, states have yet to fill the most important gaps.
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    Análise imunoistoquímica do processo oponente da regulação afetiva em resposta ao uso crônico de álcool
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-10-25) Conte, Rafael [UNIFESP]; Scerni, Debora Amado [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5014274675948150; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3964840204818021; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9792163299146518; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objetivo: Os neurotransmissores dopamina e CRF têm sido associados, respectivamente, às vias responsáveis pelo efeito reforçador positivo e negativo do álcool. Este estudo teve como objetivos: a) analisar os comportamentos motor e associado à ansiedade de ratos submetidos a um protocolo de ingestão crônica de álcool por quatro semanas; b) analisar, nos cérebros dos mesmos animais, quanto à imunorreatividade aos neurotransmissores Dopamina e CRF. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar provenientes do CEDEME/UNIFESP, submetidos ao protocolo de ingestão voluntária de solução alcoolizada a 20% (paradigma das duas garrafas) de caráter intermitente (álcool oferecido durante as segundas, quartas e sextasfeiras) durante quatro semanas. O teste do Campo Aberto foi utilizado para análise motora e o teste do Labirinto em Cruz Elevado para análise dos comportamentos associados à ansiedade. Após perfusão e preparação histológica do tecido cerebral contendo áreas de interesse do sistema dopaminérgico e CRFérgico, foi realizada a análise de imunorreatividade aos neurotransmissores dos respectivos sistemas através da técnica de imunoperoxidase. Resultados: A análise do Campo Aberto permitiu classificar os animais que consumiram álcool em relação à atividade motora (alta atividade e baixa atividade). Os resultados obtidos no teste do Labirinto em Cruz Elevado mostraram que os animais de alta atividade produziram menos bolos fecais indicando efeito ansiolítico do álcool sobre esses animais. A análise imunoistoquímica demonstrou que animais que ingeriram álcool cronicamente apresentaram menor imunorreatividade à dopamina quando comparados ao controle. Conclusões: Por meio do presente estudo podese concluir que animais que consumiram solução alcoolizada de forma crônica e intermitente puderam ser classificados em animais de alta atividade e de baixa atividade motora, e os considerados de alta atividade foram aqueles que consumiram significativamente mais álcool. Na dose utilizada, não foi observado efeito ansiolítico do etanol nos testes comportamentais, assim como nenhum efeito sobre o sistema cerebral de estresse. No entanto, foi observado efeito inibitório do consumo crônico de álcool sobre o sistema cerebral de recompensa dopaminérgico, independente do perfil de alta ou de baixa atividade motora.
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    Assessment of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Disorders Among Religious Users of Ayahuasca
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2018) Barbosa, Paulo Cesar Ribeiro; Tofoli, Luis Fernando; Bogenschutz, Michael P.; Hoy, Robert; Berro, Laís Fernanda [UNIFESP]; Marinho, Eduardo Ary Villela; Areco, Kelsy Catherina Nena [UNIFESP]; Winkelman, Michael J.
    The aims of this study were to assess the impact of ceremonial use of ayahuasca—a psychedelic brew containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline —and attendance at União do Vegetal (UDV) meetings on substance abuse; here we report the findings related to alcohol and tobacco use disorder. A total of 1,947 members of UDV 18+ years old were evaluated in terms of years of membership and ceremonial attendance during the previous 12 months. Participants were recruited from 10 states from all major regions of Brazil. Alcohol and tobacco use was evaluated through questionnaires first developed by the World Health Organization and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Analyses compared levels of alcohol and tobacco use disorder between the UDV and a national normative sample (n = 7,939). Binomial tests for proportions indicated that lifetime use of alcohol and tobacco was higher in UDV sample compared to the Brazilian norms for age ranges of 25–34 and over 34 years old, but not for the age range of 18–24 years old. However, current use disorders for alcohol and tobacco were significantly lower in the UDV sample than the Brazilian norms. Regression analyses revealed a significant impact of attendance at ayahuasca ceremonies during the previous 12 months and years of UDV membership on the reduction of alcohol and tobacco use disorder.
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    Avaliação da adesão e do efeito de uma intervenção virtual para usuários de álcool
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-05-27) Andrade, André Luiz Monezi [UNIFESP]; Formigoni, Maria Lucia Oliveira de Souza [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6528718059938788; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3452462942187599; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A utilização de tecnologias virtuais tem sido cada vez mais comum na área de saúde mental devido à sua boa relação custo-benefício, permitindo alcançar pessoas isoladas geograficamente ou que se sintam estigmatizadas e/ou envergonhadas para buscar ajuda presencial. Diversos estudos têm mostrado que as intervenções virtuais podem reduzir o consumo de drogas como maconha, nicotina e álcool. No Brasil, existem poucos trabalhos avaliando o impacto deste tipo de tecnologia na redução do consumo de álcool. Este estudo foi realizado como parte de um projeto multicêntrico internacional coordenado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e desenvolvido em parceria com pesquisadores do México, Holanda, Bielorússia e Índia. Objetivos. Avaliar a aceitabilidade e o efeito de uma intervenção virtual para usuários de álcool; o perfil dos usuários que buscaram este tipo de intervenção e os principais preditores de adesão e sucesso ao tratamento. Método. Os dados foram coletados entre Outubro de 2013 a Janeiro de 2015, período em que 41.147 pessoas acessaram o site. A amostra inicial incluiu 19.259 pessoas que preencheram o AUDIT-C. Destas, 4.148 pessoas se registraram no portal, das 2.722 consideradas elegíveis para o estudo, 1.327 aceitaram participar e preencheram o diário inicial de consumo e a versão completa do instrumento AUDIT. Com base na pontuação deste instrumento, os usuários foram classificados quanto ao risco associado ao uso de álcool em: Baixo Risco (BR, n=400), Uso Nocivo (UN, n=431) e Sugestivo de Dependência (SD, n=496). Os usuários também preencheram o Questionário de Prontidão para Mudança (RCQ) e forneceram dados socioeconômicos. Foi proposto aos usuários que seguissem a proposta de intervenção durante seis semanas. Foram coletados dados sobre o consumo de álcool antes, após o término da intervenção e 1 mês após. Além disso, também foram avaliados os preditores de sucesso e adesão para a intervenção. Resultados. Aproximadamente metade dos usuários eram homens e provenientes da região sudeste do Brasil. Após seis semanas do início da intervenção foi observada redução do consumo de álcool, tanto no grupo UN quanto no grupo SD, em 36 e 48%, respectivamente. Quando avaliados os preditores de adesão, pertencer aos grupos UN e SD foi associado a menor chance de aderir à intervenção. A prontidão para a mudança também foi um preditor de adesão, com menor adesão entre os usuários classificados no estágio de ?Ação?. Somente o consumo inicial foi um preditor de sucesso, de modo que o acréscimo de cada dose padrão de álcool foi associado ao aumento em 11% das chances de sucesso. Conclusão. Embora a adesão ao programa não tenha sido muito alta, os dados indicaram uma boa aceitabilidade deste modelo de intervenção e também uma redução no consumo de álcool, que se manteve após 1 mês.
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    Avaliação do Processo de Implantação da Detecção do Uso de Risco de Álcool e Intervenção Breve na Atenção Primária à Saúde
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008-02-27) Amaral-Sabadini, Michaela Bitarello do [UNIFESP]; Souza-Formigoni, Maria Lucia Oliveira de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: We evaluated the implementation’s process of an alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) program in Primary Health Care (PHC) in a Brazilian city. Methods: Action research qualitative methodology was utilized. Action research is especially suited to the goal of filling the gap between research evidence and practice, where researchers collaborate with local stakeholders to identify and enact solutions to problems of major importance to the stakeholders. Two different settings participated: public PHC services and a Military Police (MP) health service. All health professionals were trained on SBI strategies and supervised for 6 months. Results: 70 health professionals received the training in SBI in the PHC setting and eight volunteer police officers and one psychology received the training in SBI in the MP health service setting. There were difficulties in PHC implementation process related to organizational culture, low motivational levels, lack of time and priority devoted to other actions. There was a higher level of SBI implementation in MP, possibly related to professionals’ motivation and willingness to develop strategies to deal with obstacles. Conclusions: The main barriers to the implementation of SBI in the routine procedures of PHC professionals were related to the setting conditions and the professionals’ education. The action research methodology provided an opportunity to bridge the gap between research and practice, but it 34 also shows that alcohol SBI faces significant challenges before it can be implemented in health care and social service settings in Brazil.
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    Brief intervention and decrease of alcohol consumption among women: a systematic review
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2013-09-10) Gebara, Carla Ferreira de Paula [UNIFESP]; Bhona, Fernanda Monteiro de Castro; Ronzani, Telmo Mota; Lourenco, Lelio Moura; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF
    Problems related to alcohol consumption are priority public health issues worldwide and may compromise women's health. the early detection of risky alcohol consumption combined with a brief intervention (BI) has shown promising results in prevention for different populations. the aim of this study was to examine data from recent scientific publications on the use of BI toward reducing alcohol consumption among women through a systematic review. Electronic searches were conducted using Web of Science, PubMed(Medline) and PsycInfo databases. in all databases, the term brief intervention was associated with the words alcohol and women, and studies published between the years 2006 and 2011 were selected. Out of the 133 publications found, the 36 scientific articles whose central theme was performing and/or evaluating the effectiveness of BI were included. the full texts were reviewed by content analysis technique. This review identified promising results of BI for women, especially pregnant women and female college students, in different forms of application (face-to-face, by computer or telephone) despite a substantial heterogeneity in the clinical trials analyzed. in primary care, which is a setting involving quite different characteristics, the results among women were rather unclear. in general, the results indicated a decrease in alcohol consumption among women following BI, both in the number of days of consumption and the number of doses, suggesting that the impact on the woman's reproductive health and the lower social acceptance of female consumption can be aspects favorable for the effectiveness of BI in this population.
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    The combination of atorvastatin and ethanol is not more hepatotoxic to rats than the administration of each drug alone
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2007-03-01) Ito, Daniel Takeshi [UNIFESP]; Molina, Hercilia Maris [UNIFESP]; Andriolo, Adagmar [UNIFESP]; Borges, Durval Rosa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Animal studies and premarketing clinical trials have revealed hepatotoxicity of statins, primarily minor elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The combined chronic use of medicines and eventual ethanol abuse are common and may present a synergistic action regarding liver injury. Our objective was to study the effect of the chronic use of atorvastatin associated with acute ethanol administration on the liver in a rat model. One group of rats was treated daily for 5 days a week for 2 months with 0.8 mg/kg atorvastatin by gavage. At the end of the treatment the livers were perfused with 72 mM ethanol for 60 min. Control groups (at least 4 animals in each group) consisted of a group of 2-month-old male Wistar EPM-1 rats exposed to 10% ethanol (v/v) ad libitum replacing water for 2 months, followed by perfusion of the liver with 61 nM atorvastatin for 60 min, and a group of animals without chronic ethanol treatment whose livers were perfused with atorvastatin and/or ethanol. The combination of atorvastatin with ethanol did not increase the release of injury marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase) from the liver and no change in liver function markers (bromosulfophthalein clearance, and oxygen consumption) was observed. Our results suggest that the combination of atorvastatin with ethanol is not more hepatotoxic than the separate use of each substance.
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    Comparison between two household surveys on psychotropic drug use in Brazil: 2001 and 2004
    (ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2010-05-01) Fonseca, Arilton Martins [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Araujo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Nove de Julho Departamento de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas
    CEBRID (Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs) conducted two household surveys on drug use in Brazil, the first in 2001 and the second in 2005, making it possible for researchers, for the first time ever, to have a timeline comparison using this type of methodology. The universe studied corresponded to the Brazilian population living in 107 Brazilian cities with more than 200.00 inhabitants. 8,589 people were interviewed in the first survey in 2001, and 7,939 people in the second. Data on prevalence of lifetime use for psychotropic drugs showed that there was a significant increase only in the number of people who had made lifetime use of psychotropic substances (including tobacco and alcohol). In 2001, 19.4% of the interviewees reported having used some type of drug, and the ranking of lifetime drug use in 2004 was 22.8%, a statistically significant increase. There was also a statistically significant increase in lifetime use of alcohol and tobacco in comparison between the two surveys.
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    Comparison between two household surveys on psychotropic drug use in Brazil: 2001 and 2004
    (Ciênc. saúde coletiva [online], 2010-05) Fonseca, Arilton Martins; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes; Noto, Ana Regina; Carlini, Elisaldo Luiz de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6721302687122326
    CEBRID (Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs) conducted two household surveys on drug use in Brazil, the first in 2001 and the second in 2005, making it possible for researchers, for the first time ever, to have a timeline comparison using this type of methodology. The universe studied corresponded to the Brazilian population living in 107 Brazilian cities with more than 200.00 inhabitants. 8,589 people were interviewed in the first survey in 2001, and 7,939 people in the second. Data on prevalence of lifetime use for psychotropic drugs showed that there was a significant increase only in the number of people who had made lifetime use of psychotropic substances (including tobacco and alcohol). In 2001, 19.4% of the interviewees reported having used some type of drug, and the ranking of lifetime drug use in 2004 was 22.8%, a statistically significant increase. There was also a statistically significant increase in lifetime use of alcohol and tobacco in comparison between the two surveys.
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    Consequences of continuous social defeat stress on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and ethanol reward in mice
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Macedo, Giovana Camila [UNIFESP]; Morita, Gleice Midori [UNIFESP]; Domingues, Liz Paola [UNIFESP]; Favoretto, Cristiane Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Suchecki, Deborah [UNIFESP]; Hartmann Quadros, Isabel Marian [UNIFESP]
    This study employed the intruder-resident paradigm to evaluate the effects of continuous social defeat on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and the reinforcing and motivational actions of ethanol in male Swiss mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to a 10-day social defeat protocol, while control mice cohabitated with a non aggressive animal. Continuous defeat stress consisted of episodes of defeat, followed by 24 h or 48 h cohabitation with the aggressor until the following defeat. Mice were assessed for sucrose drinking (anhedonia), social investigation test, elevated plus-maze, conditioned place preference to ethanol, and locomotor response to ethanol. Plasma corticosterone was measured prior to, after the first and the final defeat, and 10 days after the end of defeat. Defeated mice exhibited a depressive-like phenotype as indicated by social inhibition and reduced sucrose preference, relative to non-defeated controls. Defeated mice also displayed anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze. Stressed animals failed to present ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation, but showed increased sensitivity for ethanol-induced conditioned place preference. Corticosterone response to defeat was the highest after the first defeat, but was still elevated after the last defeat (day 10) when compared to non stressed controls. Baseline corticosterone levels were unchanged 10 days after the final defeat. These data suggest that social defeat stress increased depressive- and anxiety-like behavior as well increased vulnerability to ethanol reward in mice.
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    Consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-12-12) Lima, Karla Helene Marques [UNIFESP]; Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; Gomes, July Silveira [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8757072838117158; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278405456405903; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7035881899128601; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: As medidas de segurança sanitária decorrentes da pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2 levaram a mudanças no setor educacional, com transição dos currículos escolares para uma modalidade não presencial. Com essas medidas, os estudantes universitários sofreram interrupções que geraram preocupações quanto à sua saúde mental e ao uso de álcool, por ser uma população que habitualmente apresenta risco para o uso dessa substância. Objetivo geral: Investigar o padrão de uso de álcool entre estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 e analisar a aplicabilidade e eficácia de uma intervenção breve online para aqueles com padrão de uso de risco de álcool. Objetivos específicos: Estudo 1 - Comparar o padrão de uso de álcool entre estudantes universitários de uma universidade federal brasileira, quinze dias antes e três meses após o início do isolamento social adotado frente à pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Estudo 2 - Identificar o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade federal brasileira durante a pandemia e verificar os fatores de risco para padrão de uso de risco. Estudo 3 - Avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção breve online para estudantes identificados com padrão de uso de risco de álcool durante a pandemia. Métodos: Estudo 1 - Quantitativo, longitudinal com coleta de dados realizada em duas etapas: a primeira, presencialmente, nos dias 9, 10 e 11 de março de 2020, e a segunda, realizada por meio de formulário online, entre os meses de junho e julho de 2020. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Estudo 2 - Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de delineamento transversal no qual se aplicou um questionário sociodemográfico e o AUDIT em 413 estudantes durante a pandemia. Estudo 3 - Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado para avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção breve online sobre o padrão de uso de risco de álcool em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia. Participaram 42 estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira. As avaliações foram realizadas em três momentos: avaliação inicial (T0), reavaliação após 15 dias (T1) e após 2 meses (T2). Resultados: Estudo 1 - A primeira etapa foi respondida por 165 estudantes; desses, 100 responderam à etapa online, sendo essa a amostra final do estudo. O escore médio do AUDIT apresentou redução significativa entre os momentos antes e os meses iniciais da pandemia. Houve piora significativa na variável “saúde mental/emocional”, que foi associada à diminuição do escore médio do AUDIT. Estudo 2 - Entre os estudantes, 84,7% se enquadravam no grupo que fazia consumo de baixo risco, e 15,3% no grupo que fazia um consumo de risco. As seguintes variáveis aumentaram as chances de estar na zona de risco para o consumo de álcool durante a pandemia: estado de saúde física “ruim”; hábito de fumar e uso de medicamentos por conta própria. Estudo 3 - No ensaio clínico, houve diminuição do consumo de álcool entre T0 e T1 e entre TO e T2, independentemente do grupo. Não foram detectadas diferenças entre as médias dos grupos ao comparar os diferentes momentos de avaliação. No entanto, estudantes do grupo experimental mudaram sua classificação de padrão de álcool após a intervenção BASICS, obtendo padrão de uso sem risco; enquanto os estudantes do grupo controle permaneceram com padrão de uso de risco. Conclusão: Estudo 1 - O padrão de consumo de álcool entre universitários mudou nos meses iniciais de isolamento social em relação ao período anterior à pandemia, sendo que houve menor uso de risco nos meses iniciais da pandemia. A piora da saúde mental foi associada à alteração no padrão de uso de álcool durante a pandemia. Estudo 2 - Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos estudantes apresentaram um consumo de álcool de baixo risco durante os primeiros seis meses de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Aqueles que relataram seu estado de saúde física como ruim, que tinham o hábito de fumar e que consumiram medicação por conta própria ou de maneira diferente da forma prescrita por profissional, apresentaram maiores chances de estarem na zona de risco para uso de álcool. Estudo 3 - Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre o grupo controle e o experimental após a intervenção breve online. No entanto, aqueles que participaram da intervenção mudaram seu padrão de álcool para não risco, enquanto os do grupo controle permaneceram na zona de risco. Sugere-se o acompanhamento dessa população, principalmente com o retorno às aulas presenciais.
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    Criminality and sexual behaviours in substance dependents seeking treatment
    (Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Diehl, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Pillon, Sandra Cristina; dos Santos, Manoel Antonio; Hussein Rassool, G.; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]
    The aim of this study was to investigate the link between violence, crime, and sexual behavior among patients with substance-related disorder admitted to a specialized inpatient care unit. This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, drug of choice (DOC), questions about sexual behavior, and instruments to evaluate the severity of dependence (SADD, DAST, FTND), level of impulsivity (BIS-11), and a screening sex addiction scale. The sample consisted of 587 adult subjects, of which 82.3% were men, 66.4% had used cocaine (sniffed and smoked) as their DOC, 24.4% had a history with the criminal justice system, 26.8% had committed crimes, 19.3% had engaged in violent behavior, and 12.2% had been involved in drug trafficking. In this sample, crime was strongly associated with various sexual behaviors and the severity of substance dependence.
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    A dialética rotina escolar-saúde: fatores que contribuem para o adoecimento docente
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-22) Melo, Leandro Ferreira De [UNIFESP]; Avallone, Denise De Micheli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Teaching has been the subject of study in different areas of knowledge, such as education and health. One of the spheres that has been extensively explored is the quality of teaching life, mainly due to the numerous problems related to their physical-emotional destabilization. This research aimed to identify and understand which factors interfered in the school routine and, consequently, in teaching health. We sought to assess the relationship between school routine and the triggering of symptoms related to Burnout Syndrome, as well as self-efficacy, use of alcohol and tobacco in teachers of Kindergarten, Elementary, High School and University Education. It was hypothesized that the school routine is affected not only by factors intrinsic to it, but also by external factors. The methodological procedures for data collection were carried out through questionnaires validated in Brazil and made available on the SurveyMonkey platform. The sample consisted of a number of 3,077 educators from all over Brazil who were invited to participate in the research through media and social networks. To assess the relationships and intensities between the variables Burnout, school routine, selfefficacy, use of alcohol and tobacco in teachers of Basic and University Education, mathematical models, called "networks", were created from the data collected. The analyzes showed that the school routine has been a mechanism that contributes to the onset of psychosomatic symptoms in teaching health. Research has shown that these symptoms are directly related to Burnout Syndrome, such as depression, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use. It was also clear that it is not the school routine per se that affects teaching health and effectiveness, as there are extra-school precedents that dialectically affect the school routine. It is mentioned, the lack of “effective” policies for valuing the teaching profession (teaching career), as well as, preventive policies for their health. It is no wonder that there has also been a growing lack of credibility in the teaching career by the government, the media, students and the family. These factors directly contributed to the emotional destabilization and consequently the teaching illness. In addition to these findings, there are countless others. Thus, it is necessary to plan and implement political investment actions, especially in the area of valuing and preventing careers and teaching health.
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    Discrepant Trends in Income, Drinking, and Alcohol Problems in an Emergent Economy: Brazil 2006 to 2012
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-05-01) Caetano, Raul; Mills, Britain; Madruga, Clarice [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BackgroundTo examine the association between increases in income and self-reported alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol problems in 2006 and 2012 in Brazil.MethodsParticipants were interviewed as part of 2 multistage representative cluster samples of the Brazilian household population between November 2005 and April 2006 and between November 2011 and March 2012. the number of current drinkers during these 2 intervals (n=1,379 and n=1,907, respectively) comprised the sample analyzed. Four past-year outcome variablesstandard drinks per week, binge drinking, presence of alcohol-related social/health problems, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD)were estimated across income, age, and gender groups. Regression models were estimated to evaluate these and other sociodemographic effects on drinking and problem outcomes and to test for possible wave by income interactions.ResultsResponse rates were 66.4% in 2006 and 77% in 2012. Income increases were seen in virtually all age-gender subgroups and were particularly pronounced for younger age groups and older women. Both genders reported increased drinks per week (men: 12.82, 2006; 15.78, 2012; p<0.01; women: 4.89, 2006; 7.66, 2012; p<0.001) and proportion binge drinking (men: 57%, 2006; 66%, 2012; p<0.05; women: 39%, 2006; 48%, 2012; p<0.05), although this was not seen in all gender and age groups. Social/health problem prevalence decreased among men (37%, 2006; 26%, 2012; p<0.001) and remained the same among women (13%, 2006; 14%, 2012). DSM-5 AUD decreased among men (34%, 2006; 24%, 2012; p<0.01) and remained stable among women (14%, 2006; 16%, 2012).ConclusionsBrazilian economic development between 2006 and 2012 led to a rise in income in several gender and age groups. Although not always directly associated with an observed increase in alcohol consumption, the rise in income may have created a sense of optimism that inhibited a rise in alcohol-related problems.