Navegando por Palavras-chave "Alcohol consumption"
Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAlcohol consumption in late-life - the first Brazilian National Alcohol Survey (BNAS)(Elsevier B.V., 2008-12-01) Castro-Costa, E.; Ferri, C. P.; Lima-Costa, M. F.; Zaleski, M.; Pinsky, I. [UNIFESP]; Caetano, R.; Laranjeira, R. [UNIFESP]; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz; Kings Coll London; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)To investigate the alcohol consumption in later life in Brazil and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data. A multistage cluster sampling procedure was used to select 3007 individuals of 14 years of age and older from the Brazilian household population. in this study we analyzed data from all 400 participants who were over 60 years old. Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Syndrome was established according to DSM-IV and Risky Drinking was defined in two ways: heavy drinkers (>7 drinks/week) and as binge drinkers (>3 drinks/one occasion). Twelve percent of participants reported heavy drinking behavior while 10.4% and 2.9% were binge drinkers and alcohol dependent respectively. in the adjusted logistic regression only gender was associated with heavy drinking behavior. Males, the youngest and the wealthiest were more likely to report binge drinking behaviors. in conclusion, alcohol related-problems are common but underecognized among older adults. Health professionals should be aware that common definitions of alcohol abuse and dependence may not apply as readily to older people, who have had biological changes for alcohol tolerance and its effects on the Central Nervous System. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAlcohol consumption increases locomotion in an open field and induces Fos-immunoreactivity in reward and approach/withdrawal-related neurocircuitries(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Wscieklica, Tatiana [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Le Sueur-Maluf, Luciana [UNIFESP]; Pouza, Kathlein Cristiny Peres [UNIFESP]; Spadari, Regina Celia [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsion to seek and take the drug, loss of control in limiting intake and, eventually, the emergence of a negative emotional state when access to the drug is prevented. Both dopamine and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-mediated systems seem to play important roles in the modulation of alcohol abuse and dependence. The present study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety and locomotor parameters and on the activation of dopamine and CRF-innervated brain regions. Male Wistar rats were given a choice of two bottles for 31 days, one containing water and the other a solution of saccharin + alcohol. Control animals only received water and a solution of 0.2% saccharin. On the 31st day, animals were tested in the elevated plus-maze and open field, and euthanized immediately after the behavioral tests. An independent group of animals was treated with ethanol and used to measure blood ethanol concentration. Results showed that alcohol intake did not alter behavioral measurements in the plus-maze, but increased the number of crossings in the open field, an index of locomotor activity. Additionally, alcohol intake increased Fosimmunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in the prefrontal cortex, in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens, in the medial and central amygdala, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in the septal region, and in the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamus, structures that have been linked to reward and to approach/withdrawal behavior. These observations might be relevant to a better understanding of the behavioral and physiological alterations that follow alcohol consumption. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Alcohol use patterns among Brazilian adults(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2010-09-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Sanches, Marcos; Zaleski, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ipsos Reid; University of Texas School of Public HealthOBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of alcohol consumption in the adult Brazilian population. METHOD: Multicluster random sample of 2,346 subjects 18 years of age or older, selected nationwide. Interviews were conducted in respondents' homes between November 2005 and April 2006. RESULTS: About 48% of the sample had not drunk alcoholic beverages in the past year, with variations by gender, age, marital status, education, income and region of the country. Among drinkers, 29% reported drinking 5 or more drinks per occasion (men, 38%). Sociodemographic variables are associated with the frequency and amount of drinking, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse and dependence. Among the whole sample (including drinkers and non drinkers), 28% reported binge drinking, 25% reported at least one kind of alcohol related problem, 3% were alcohol abusers and another 9% were alcohol dependent. DISCUSSION: Abstinence is high in the Brazilian population. However, elevated proportions of those who drink consume alcohol in a high risk pattern (binge-drinking), report a high level of alcohol problems, alcohol abuse and dependence. National public policies must consider these factors, as well as the regional Brazilian differences.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consumo de álcool e tabaco entre idosos na atenção primaria à saúde em uma unidade básica no Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-28) Figueroa Oviedo, Paulo César [UNIFESP]; Ferri, Cleusa Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4767701Y7; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5318912420995921; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption among older people in primary care in Brazil, and identify the factors associated with this consumption before and after the age of 65. Methods: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of 87 older people representing all people over 65 registered in a primary care unit (n=541). Alcohol and tobacco consumption was identified through self-report and confirmed by an informant. Fourteen units per week was used as the cut-off to identify at risk drinking before the age of 65 and seven units per week after this age. For moderate alcohol consumption, consumption of 1-6 units/weeks after 65 years (current consumption) and 1-13 units/weeks for the period before 65 years of age. For tobacco, information was obtained regarding the typical amount consumed (cigarettes per day) and for how long (in years), age at regular onset, and age at which smoking stopped. Weighted logistic regression was used to identify potential sociodemographic characteristics associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption. Results: 51.3% of the sample were women, almost half of the sample (43.2%) were 75 years of age or older. Fourteen participants were current drinkers (16.1%), and 6 of them (6.9%) were at risk drinkers. Only one current drinker started drinking after the age of 65. Thirty-two participants (34%) had drunk before the age of 65, and among them 11(15.8%) were assessed as having been at risk drinkers. Of these 11 drinkers who had past risk consumption, 2 (18.2%) had become moderate drinkers after the age of 65; 3 (27.3%) continued to be at risk drinkers and six (54.5%) had stopped drinking. Multivariate analysis was adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Only male gender was associated with past (OR= 3.83 95% CI 1,24- 11,88) and although not statistically significant there was a predominance of current alcohol consumption in men also. Regarding tobacco consumption, 6 (6.8%) participants reported current consumption and 27 (31.3%) reported being smokers before the age of 65. As per alcohol consumption, only male gender was associated with past consumption (before 65 years ago) (OR= 5.30 95% CI 1,65- 17,03). Due to the sample size and small number of current smokers it was not possible to run the adjusted analyses for current consumption. Conclusion: The prevalence of alcohol consumption among people over 65 is relatively high and it seems to start at a younger age and extends to this age group, with a small proportion of older people who have started drinking after 65 years. Male gender should be the target of interventions to reduce alcohol consumption at this age group. The elderly are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol and tobacco due to their greater physical fragility and the presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of drinking behaviors among older people so that prevention and treatment strategies are better defined for that specific population. Larger and more robust studies are need to better understand this behavior among older Brazilians and the real need of interventions directed to this behavior among older people in primary care.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Disposição e alternativas ao dirigir alcoolizado entre jovens paulistanos(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2004-12-01) Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Labouvie, Erich [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Rutgers University Center of Alcohol StudiesThe new Brazilian Traffic Code considers drinking and driving as a traffic crime. A health behavior model suggests that much of the young people's risky behavior is not planned and that questions measuring the willingness to drink and drive are useful. In face of the importance of drinking and driving as a national health problem, the objective of the present study was to analyze the behavior willingness among youngsters about to receive their driver's licenses. METHODS: The study was carried out at the São Paulo Department of Traffic (DETRAN-SP) in 1998. Data were obtained from a sample of 2,166 youths, 18 to 25 years old, who took the written drivers' license examination. Data about, among other things, alcohol consumption, willingness and alternatives to drinking and driving in the following year was examined. RESULTS: In general, individuals displayed willingness to both the risky behavior (drunk driving) and to the safe behavior (alternatives as taking a cab or getting a ride). Regression analyzes were done by dividing the sample in three groups. Several significant differences were found between the groups, suggesting that the attitudes and behaviors went on a direction from safer to riskier from groups 1 to 3. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that prevention efforts preseting a spectrum of alternatives to drunk driving and the enforcement of drink and driving laws would be two useful addenda to the more severe laws created in the 1998 Traffic Code.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDrinking and driving in southeastern Brazil: Results from a roadside survey study(Elsevier B.V., 2013-01-01) Campos, Valdir Ribeiro [UNIFESP]; Souza e Silva, Rebeca de; Duailibi, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Palacios, Ester Nakamura; Grube, Joel W.; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Prevent Res Ctr PIREObjective: the objective of this study is to present data from a roadside survey study on drinking and driving and alcohol consumption in southeastern Brazil.Methods: A cross-sectional roadside survey study using a questionnaire and breathalyzer data is the method used to determine the prevalence of drinking and driving and to examine whether socio-demographic characteristics and drivers' behavior, attitude and alcohol consumption predicted positive blood alcohol content (MC). the data were gathered from 2005 to 2007 through roadside surveys conducted on high volume public roads in four cities in southeastern Brazil. A total of 4182 randomly selected drivers took part in the research. of these drivers, 3488 (83.4%) completed the questionnaire and agreed to take a breath test.Results: Overall, 24.6% of drivers had a detectable blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and 15.9% had a BAC above the legal limit (0.6 g/l) at the time of the study. Logistic regression controlling for locale (city), sex, age and marital status was used to predict whether each driver would present a positive breath test. Socio-demographic characteristics, driving behaviors and attitudes, and alcohol consumption patterns were included as predictors. These analyses indicated that those who believed drinking and driving was a serious offense were about two-thirds as likely to have a positive breath test, and that drivers reporting a pattern of regular alcohol use were three times as likely to have a positive breath test.Conclusions: These findings indicate that drinking and driving is relatively common in Brazil, and that it occurs considerably more frequently than similar surveys suggest, is the case in other countries. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe effect of the new traffic law on drinking and driving in São Paulo, Brazil(Elsevier B.V., 2013-01-01) Campos, Valdir Ribeiro [UNIFESP]; Souza e Silva, Rebeca de [UNIFESP]; Duailibi, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Santos, Jose Florentino dos; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To present data on drinking and driving in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and the effects of the new traffic law (Law 11,705) introduced in 2008.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a questionnaire and passive breath test data to study the prevalence of drinking and driving and the association of drinking and driving with background characteristics and drinking patterns on two separate occasions. the data were gathered from 2007 to 2009 through roadside surveys conducted on busy public roads. Four thousand two-hundred thirty-four (4234) drivers were approached, before and after prohibition, from the south, north, east, and west regions of the city of São Paulo, located in southeastern Brazil, including cars, motorcycles, and utility vehicles. A total of 3854 (91%) consented to participate in the survey and answered the questionnaire. Out of this group, 3229 (84%) agreed to take the passive breathalyzer test.Results: Logistic regression analyses controlling for gender and age was used to predict a positive breath test (above 0.2 g/l) and the impact of the new law. These analyses indicated that, after the passage of the new traffic law, there was a 45% decrease in driver behavior with positive breathalyzer results. Having a pattern of alcohol consumption of at least once a week and the habit of drinking and driving are risks for a positive breathalyzer.Conclusions: Despite the decline in the frequency of motorists driving under the influence of alcohol, traffic-related injuries and deaths, after the new law, other measures for a public policy related to alcohol should be considered based on scientific evidence, consistency of action, clear goals, community support, and greater reliability in the laws. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSociodemographic characteristics associated with binge drinking among Brazilians(Elsevier B.V., 2012-11-01) Castro, Daniel Socrates [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila M. [UNIFESP]; Zaleski, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Palhares Alves, Hamer Nastasy [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Laranjeira, Ronaldo Ramos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: Binge drinking (BD) is a harmful pattern of alcohol use. This study describes this pattern of drinking and the sociodemographic variables associated with it in a representative sample of Brazilians.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 3007 individuals using a multistage probabilistic sample was conducted in 143 Brazilian municipalities. the frequency of BD in the year preceding the study was assessed. BD was defined as the consumption of four drinks of alcohol within a two-hour period for women and five drinks in two hours for men. Weighted-ordered logit regression was used to assess the relationship between sociodemographic factors and BD.Results: Most respondents had not engaged in binge drinking (69.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 67.0-72.2%). Binge drinking was more common among participants who were male (odds ratio (OR) 2.9; 95% CI 2.3-3.6) or single (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.1) or had higher family income (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-3.8). Individuals between 18 and 44 years of age were four times more likely to engage in binge drinking than adolescents (OR 4.7; 95% CI 3.3-6.8). Evangelicals/Protestants were less likely to engage in binge drinking (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.2-0.5).Conclusions: Our study, which is the first representative survey of BD in Brazil, showed that the age range of adults who engaged in BD is wider than the age range observed in other countries. These individuals are at increased risk for the adverse consequences of binge drinking, including addiction, car accidents, involvement in crime, absenteeism, and family violence. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosUso de álcool, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes universitários: avaliação e intervençãouso de álcool, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes universitários: avaliação e intervenção(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016) Silva, Erika Correia [UNIFESP]; Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278405456405903; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)After their admission into the university, under graduate students are faced with challenges related to this new period of their lives. To cope with these changes, undergraduates may present unhealthy behaviours, such as excessive alcohol intake. The increase in alcohol intake among college students has raised concerns among investigators and led to the search for preventive interventions to decrease consumption. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of alcohol intake and its consequences in veterans and freshmen undergraduate students of a public university in Brazil, before and after the application of a brief intervention. Method: quantitative study and longitudinal design in which we used the following instruments: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - AUDIT, Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index - RAPI, Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI and the Perceived Stress Scale. Students who scored above eight on the AUDIT were invited to participate in the second stage of the research, which involved the application of the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students - BASICS. Results: 1.200 students participated in this study, of which 42 completed all the stages. Data analysis revealed that 82.9% of veteran students and 88.7% of freshmen showed low risk consumption or were abstinent from alcohol. Despite this, a riskier consumption was identified in male students who engaged in physical activity and those who had no religious preference. After the application of the brief intervention it was identified a reduction of alcohol consumption and its consequences both in the control and experimental groups. In addition, the level of anxiety was associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption and its consequences. No changes were found with respect to stressrelated measures. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the importance of developing actions to reduce alcohol consumption among undergraduate students and suggest that the simple evaluation of its consumption using specific screening instruments and giving individual feedback can induce positive effects, that may lead to reduction in the intake of alcohol and its negative consequences.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosViolence and non-violence-related injuries and alcohol in women from developed and developing countries: A multi-site emergency room study(Elsevier B.V., 2015-02-01) Silva, Rosiane Lopes da [UNIFESP]; Diehl, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Figlie, Neliana B. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Natl Alcohol Res Ctr; Publ Hlth Inst Alcohol Res Grp; CNPqThis study sought to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of injuries in women attending the emergency room (ER) from developing and developed countries. the sample consisted of ER data from women in 15 countries that were collected as part of two multi-site studies using similar methodologies: the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP), and World Health Organization Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries (WHO Study). Women ranged in age from 18 to 98 years. Those from developed,countries had higher levels of education (43% completed high-school) than women from developing countries (37%). Over half of the women from developing countries reported they had not consumed alcohol in the last 12 months (abstentious), while 2% reported drinking every day. in addition, current drinking women from developing countries reported more binge drinking episodes (33% reported 5 toll drinks and 15% reported 12 or more drinks on an occasion) compared to those from developed countries (28% and 11%, respectively). Violence-related injury was more prevalent in developing countries (18%) compared to developed countries (9%). An association between injury and the frequency of alcohol consumption in the last 12 months was observed in both developing and developed countries. Although women from developing countries who suffered violence-related injuries were more likely to demonstrate alcohol abstinence or have lower rates of daily alcohol consumption, these women drank in a more dangerous way, and violence-related injuries were more likely to occur in these women than in those living in developed countries. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.