Navegando por Palavras-chave "ADHD"

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    Assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials of methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    (Wiley, 2018) Rodrigues-Tartari, Raissa [UNIFESP]; Swardfager, Walter; Salum, Giovanni A.; Rohde, Luis A.; Cogo-Moreira, Hugo [UNIFESP]
    To test how reliable the tool recommend by Cochrane Collaboration for assessing risk of bias systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials is in the context of methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate a unidimensional model for the 7 indicators, applied to 184 Randomized Clinical Trial (RCTs) within a 2015 Cochrane systematic review titled Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A unidimensional model resulted in excellent adequacy indices, but only 2 indicators had very high factor loadings and low measurement errors. In terms of content, the 7 indicators showed poor reliability (=0.642)
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    Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Is There a Correlation Between Dopamine Transporter Density and Cerebral Blood Flow?
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011-08-01) Silva, Neivo da; Szobot, Claudia M.; Anselmi, Carlos E.; Jackowski, Andrea P. [UNIFESP]; Chi, Shih M. [UNIFESP]; Hoexter, Marcelo Q. [UNIFESP]; Anselmi, Osvaldo E.; Pechansky, Flavio; Bressan, Rodrigo A. [UNIFESP]; Rohde, Luis A.; Complexo Hosp Santa Casa LAMENU; Hosp Clin Porto Alegre; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Univ Luterana Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Desenvolvimento
    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent behavioral problems in school-age children. Although the etiology remains unclear, the involvement of the dopaminergic system has been suggested by genetic studies that report an overexpression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. in spite of these abnormalities being directly related to the decrease of dopamine (DA) in the striatum (STR), abnormalities in brain perfusion have also been observed in cortical-subcortical structures. Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that the DA concentration may cause changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF). the objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between DAT density in STR and cortical-subcortical impairment in CBF. Based on the hypothesis that there is a correlation between DA availability and brain perfusion, we postulated that individuals with ADHD, with a higher DAT density in the basal ganglia, will have lower perfusion in the fronto-striatal-cerebellar networks. We used Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT to measure DAT density and Tc-99m ECD SPECT to assess brain perfusion. Ten adolescents diagnosed with ADHD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria were investigated. Analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 corrected for multiple comparisons, using small volume correction, showed a significant negative correlation between the DAT density in the STR and CBF in the cingulate gyrus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and cerebellum (pFDR <0.01). Our findings suggest that higher DAT density in the STR was associated with a decrease in the regional CBF in the cortical and subcortical attention network.
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    Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensionality: the reliable 'g' and the elusive 's' dimensions
    (Springer, 2016) Wagner, Flavia; Martel, Michelle M.; Cogo-Moreira, Hugo [UNIFESP]; Moreira Maia, Carlos Renato; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Salum, Giovanni Abrahao
    The best structural model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms remains a matter of debate. The objective of this study is to test the fit and factor reliability of competing models of the dimensional structure of ADHD symptoms in a sample of randomly selected and high-risk children and pre-adolescents from Brazil. Our sample comprised 2512 children aged 6-12 years from 57 schools in Brazil. The ADHD symptoms were assessed using parent report on the development and well-being assessment (DAWBA). Fit indexes from confirmatory factor analysis were used to test unidimensional, correlated, and bifactor models of ADHD, the latter including "g" ADHD and "s" symptom domain factors. Reliability of all models was measured with omega coefficients. A bifactor model with one general factor and three specific factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) exhibited the best fit to the data, according to fit indices, as well as the most consistent factor loadings. However, based on omega reliability statistics, the specific inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity dimensions provided very little reliable information after accounting for the reliable general ADHD factor. Our study presents some psychometric evidence that ADHD specific ("s") factors might be unreliable after taking common ("g" factor) variance into account. These results are in accordance with the lack of longitudinal stability among subtypes, the absence of dimension-specific molecular genetic findings and non-specific effects of treatment strategies. Therefore, researchers and clinicians might most effectively rely on the "g" ADHD to characterize ADHD dimensional phenotype, based on currently available symptom items.
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    Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensionality: the reliable 'g' and the elusive 's' dimensions
    (Springer, 2016) Wagner, Flavia; Martel, Michelle M.; Cogo-Moreira, Hugo [UNIFESP]; Moreira Maia, Carlos Renato; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Salum, Giovanni Abrahao
    The best structural model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms remains a matter of debate. The objective of this study is to test the fit and factor reliability of competing models of the dimensional structure of ADHD symptoms in a sample of randomly selected and high-risk children and pre-adolescents from Brazil. Our sample comprised 2512 children aged 6-12 years from 57 schools in Brazil. The ADHD symptoms were assessed using parent report on the development and well-being assessment (DAWBA). Fit indexes from confirmatory factor analysis were used to test unidimensional, correlated, and bifactor models of ADHD, the latter including "g" ADHD and "s" symptom domain factors. Reliability of all models was measured with omega coefficients. A bifactor model with one general factor and three specific factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) exhibited the best fit to the data, according to fit indices, as well as the most consistent factor loadings. However, based on omega reliability statistics, the specific inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity dimensions provided very little reliable information after accounting for the reliable general ADHD factor. Our study presents some psychometric evidence that ADHD specific ("s") factors might be unreliable after taking common ("g" factor) variance into account. These results are in accordance with the lack of longitudinal stability among subtypes, the absence of dimension-specific molecular genetic findings and non-specific effects of treatment strategies. Therefore, researchers and clinicians might most effectively rely on the "g" ADHD to characterize ADHD dimensional phenotype, based on currently available symptom items.
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    Co-ocorrência entre transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e uso de substâncias psicoativas
    (Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2007-01-01) Szobot, Claudia M.; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Luterana do Brasil; UFRGS Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs), both in clinical and community studies. Approximately 30% of subjects with SUDs present with comorbid ADHD, a prevalence rate significantly higher than that seen in the general population. The effect of ADHD on the development of SUDs have been subject to extensive studies. This article reviews the existing literature regarding: a) the nature of the association between ADHD and SUDs; b) the impact of ADHD on SUDs; c) the treatment of ADHD which co-occurs with SUDs. Finally an overview, from a predominantly clinical perspective, an integration of those data is proposed.
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    A Comparative Study of Performance in the Conners' Continuous Performance Test Between Brazilian and North American Children
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2008-03-01) Miranda, Monica Carolina [UNIFESP]; Sinnes, Elaine Girao [UNIFESP]; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Amodeo Bueno, Orlando Francisco [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present study investigated the performance of Brazilian children in the Continuous Performance Test, CPT-II, and compared results to those of the norms obtained in the United States. Method: the U. S. norms were compared to those of a Brazilian sample composed of 6- to 11-year-olds separated into 4 age-groups (half boys) that represented the socioeconomic class distribution of São Paulo City. the children were prescreened for attention deficit disorders (ADHD). Results: Age and gender effects in the Brazilian sample were similar to those previously described. However, the Brazilian sample showed better performance in almost all measures in all age-groups compared to that of the United States. Conclusion: It is discussed that differences between samples probably reflect lack of ADHD screening of the U. S. children. More studies are necessary to determine if the CPT-II is a cross-cultural test with participants from different samples matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status screened for ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 11(5) 588-598)
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    Efeito do metilfenidato no processamento auditivo em crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do deficit de atenção/hiperatividade
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2007-03-01) Cavadas, Marcia [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Liliane Desgualdo [UNIFESP]; Mattos, Paulo; UFRJ Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    PURPOSE: To compare the performance of a group of children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pre and post-methylphenidate use in a behavioral auditory processing test battery (AP). METHOD: Twenty-nine subjects, male and female, ranging from 7 to 15 years old have undergone different behavioral auditory processing tests. A control group composed of 29 subjects with and without learning disabilities was also evaluated. RESULTS: The group with ADHD had a performance similar to the control group without learning disabilities which improved after medication. The group with learning disabilities and without ADHD had the worst performance in tests while the group without learning disabilities and without ADHD exhibited the best ones. CONCLUSION: The AP battery was unable to distinguish ADHD patients from paired controls; the use of methylphenidate improved the performance on AP tests of ADHD group in the post-medication evaluation.
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    Efeito do treinamento físico e da administração de óleo de peixe sobre o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade em crianças
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-04-30) Marques, Viviane Grassmann [UNIFESP]; Galduroz, Jose Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, Ruth Ferreira [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9429988404934715; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8366139801463833; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7635847686900380; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é um dos transtornos mais prevalentes entre crianças/adolescentes. Estas crianças/adolescentes apresentam alterações para manter a atenção, funções executivas e comportamento que comprometem a sua vida diária. Apesar de o tratamento medicamentoso ser bastante utilizado, alguns pais ainda buscam alternativas não medicamentosas para seu tratamento. Neste sentido, a literatura tem demonstrado que o tipo de ambiente e o estilo de vida têm forte influência sobre a saúde (física e mental). Dentre estes hábitos estão a alimentação e a prática de exercícios físicos. A sociedade moderna tem diminuído tanto o consumo de ômega-3 quanto tem cada vez mais diminuído as atividades físicas, o que parece ser extremamente prejudicial para a população. Estes hábitos parecem ser fundamentais desde a infância, uma vez que esta é a fase em que ocorre o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico e da administração de óleo de peixe sobre o comportamento, funções cognitivas e os níveis sérios de IGF-1, BDNF, TNF-? IL-6 e IL-10 em crianças com perfil comportamental de TDAH. Foram selecionadas 47 crianças com TDAH, do sexo masculino, com idade entre sete e 14 anos. Os voluntários foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos: Grupo Controle (GC), Grupo Treinamento (GT), Grupo Ômega (GO), e Grupo Treinamento + Ômega (GTO). O tratamento teve a duração de três meses. Os grupos GO e GTO receberam 1,1 g de óleo de peixe, duas vezes ao dia e os grupos GC e GT cápsulas idênticas, porém contendo óleo mineral. O estudo foi duplo-cego em relação à ingesta das cápsulas. Já os grupos GT e GTO realizaram o treinamento físico com múltiplos componentes, três vezes por semana, uma hora por dia em uma intensidade moderada. No início e ao final do protocolo foram realizadas avaliações comportamentais, sanguíneas e das funções cognitivas. O Grupo Ômega apresentou uma menor gravidade de TDAH; diminuiu o número de erros, aumentou o tempo até cometer um erro e o percentil na avaliação da atenção seletiva; diminuiu o tempo para realização da prancha 3 e o tempo até cometer um erro na prancha 2 no teste Stroop; e aumentou o número de acertos no subteste Procurar Símbolos após o tratamento. O Grupo Treino apresentou um valor maior nível de atividades e total de competências ao final do tratamento. O Grupo TO apresentou uma diminuição nos valores referentes à escala de deficiência de ácidos graxos essenciais, dos sintomas de desatenção, a gravidade do total de sintomas de TDAH, dos sintomas de lentidão cognitiva e de problemas de estresse pós-traumático e um aumento no desempenho escolar ao final do tratamento. Com relação às analises sanguíneas os grupos Ômega e TO demonstraram um aumento significativo nos níveis sérico de DHA e EPA, e uma diminuição das razões AA/DHA e AA/EPA ao final do tratamento. Tanto o Grupo Controle quanto o Grupo Treino aumentaram os níveis de IGF-1 se comparado ao valor inicial. Não houve diferenças significativas para as variáveis IL-10, IL-6, BDNF e TNF alfa. Desta forma podemos concluir que o tratamento com óleo de peixe melhorou os sintomas do TDAH, o controle inibitório, atenção seletiva, e as atividades diárias (pragmatismo útil), enquanto aumentou os níveis séricos de DHA e EPA e diminuiu as razões AA/DHA e AA/EPA. O treinamento físico melhorou os sintomas de TDAH, as atividades diárias (pragmatismo útil) e aumentou os níveis séricos de IGF-1. Já a combinação dos dois tratamentos melhorou (segundo os responsáveis) a atenção os sintomas do TDAH, o desempenho escolar, a lentidão cognitiva, os sintomas de estresse pós-traumático e os sintomas relacionados à deficiência de AGE, além de aumentar os níveis séricos de DHA e EPA e diminuir as razões AA/DHA e AA/EPA. Entretanto estas melhoras não parecem ser mediadas por alterações das citocinas pró ou anti-inflamatórias, xv IGF-1 ou BDNF. Já a melhora no controle inibitório no grupo que recebeu óleo de peixe parece estar relacionada ao aumento do DHA sérico.
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    Effects of antipsychotics and amphetamine on social behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2011-11-20) Calzavara, Mariana Bendlin [UNIFESP]; Levin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Medrano, Wladimir Agostini [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Valeria [UNIFESP]; Frois Sampaio, Antonio Pereira [UNIFESP]; Barone, Lucas Cerqueira [UNIFESP]; Frussa-Filho, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    We have recently reported that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exhibit a deficit in contextual fear conditioning that is specifically reversed by antipsychotic and potentiated by psychostimulants and other manipulations thought to produce schizophrenia-like states in rodents. Based on these findings, we suggested that this deficit in fear conditioning could be used as an experimental model of emotional processing impairments observed in schizophrenia. This strain has also been suggested as a model by which to study attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Considering that schizophrenia and ADHD are both characterized by poor social function, this study aimed to investigate possible behavioral deficits of SHRs in a social context. Furthermore, we sought to examine the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics (used for the treatment of schizophrenia) and a psychostimulant (used to treat ADHD) on these behaviors. Pairs of unfamiliar rats of the same or different (i.e., Wistar) strains were treated with one of the aforementioned drugs and placed in an open-field for 10 min. During this time, social behaviors, locomotion and rearing frequencies were scored. Atypical antipsychotics increased social interaction in Wistar rats (WRs) and improved the deficit in social interaction exhibited by SHRs. in addition, the SHR group displayed hyperlocomotion that was attenuated by all antipsychotics (quetiapine and clozapine also decreased locomotion in WRs) and potentiated by amphetamine (which also increased locomotion in WRs). Our results reveal that the behavioral profile of the SHR group demonstrates that this strain can be a useful animal model to study several aspects of schizophrenia. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Fine motor ability and psychiatric disorders in youth
    (Springer, 2018) Mendes, Lorenna Sena Teixeira; Manfro, Gisele Gus; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Salum, Giovanni Abrahao
    Impaired fine motor ability has been linked to several domains of psychopathology. However, studies validating the specificity of this association among several categorical psychiatric disorders are still needed. The aim of this study was to assess differences in fine motor ability performance among four non-overlapping groups of psychiatric disorders and a group of typical developing comparisons (TDC). Our sample consisted of 2035 subjects aged 6-14-year-old. Diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were performed with the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Five non-overlapping groups without comorbidity were formed: phobic disorders (n = 101), distress disorders (n = 82), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 133), oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) (n = 52) and one group of typical developing comparisons (TDC) (n = 1667). Fine motor ability was evaluated by three tasks: sequential finger-thumb opposition, Oseretsky, and pronation/supination tests. Each task was assessed by total time to perform the movement and levels of accuracy, fluency, symmetry, precision, and coordination. We found that, when compared to TDC, the ADHD group performed more poorly in total fine motor ability (mean difference = - 0.28
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    Fractionating Executive Functions of Adults With ADHD
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Bueno, Viviane Freire [UNIFESP]; da Silva, Maria Aparecida; Alves, Tania Maria; Louza, Mario Rodrigues; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]
    Objective: To evaluate the performance of adults with ADHD considering the fractionation of executive functions into six different domains. Method: Participants were adult ADHD patients who were not under the acute effects of medication (n = 48). Their performance was compared with that of a healthy control group (n = 20) of comparable age, education, and nonverbal intelligence quotient. The cognitive domains assessed were executive shifting, updating, inhibition of prepotent responses, dual-task performance, planning, and access to long-term memory. We also assessed the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, anxiety, and depression by validated questionnaires. Results: Compared with controls, patients reported more symptoms related to ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms and were impaired in the shifting cost measure and phonemic fluency (measure of access to long-term memory). Conclusion: ADHD in adults selectively impaired executive shifting and access to long-term memory, domains that may alter performance in a wide range of daily tasks.
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    Genetic evidence for chromosome 4 loci influencing learning and memory
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2016) Anselmi, Mayara; Correa, Fernanda Junkes; Santos, José Ronaldo dos; Silva, Anatildes Feitosa; Cunha, João Antônio Sousa; Leão, Anderson Henrique França Figueiredo [UNIFESP]; Campelo, Clarissa Loureiro Chagas [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Alessandra Mussi [UNIFESP]; Silva, Regina Helena [UNIFESP]; Izídio, Geison Souza; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The Lewis (LEW) and SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) inbred rat strains differ in several anxiety/emotionality and learning/memory-related behaviors. We aimed to search quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influence these behaviors and confirm their effects in a congenic rat strain SLA16 (SHR.LEW.Anxrr16). LEW females and SHR males were intercrossed to produce F2 rats (96/sex), which were all tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT), open-field (OF), object recognition (OR), spontaneous alternation (SA) and fear conditioning (FC). All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers located on chromosome (Chr) 4. Behavioral and genotypic data were used to perform factor and QTL analyses. Also, to confirm the QTL effects, we tested male and female SLA16 rats and their isogenic control SHR in the same behavioral tests. A factor analysis of the F2 population revealed a correlation between anxiety/emotionality related behaviors and learning/memory in both sexes. QTL analysis revealed two significant QTL in males and three in females, on behavioral parameters in the PMDAT, OF and FC. Four QTL found herein were confirmed in SLA16 rats. The SLA16 strain displayed lower levels of anxiety/emotionality, higher locomotor activity and deficits in learning/memory in comparison with SHR strain. The Chr 4 contains genes influencing anxiety/emotionality and learning/memory behaviors and the SLA16 strain represents a valuable tool in the search for them. The use of the SLA16 strain as a genetic model for studying behavioral phenomena and their implications for psychiatric disorders are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Measuring network's entropy in ADHD: A new approach to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-08-15) Sato, João Ricardo; Takahashi, Daniel Yasumasa; Hoexter, Marcelo Queiroz [UNIFESP]; Massirer, Katlin Brauer; Fujita, André; Fed Univ ABC; Princeton Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The application of graph analysis methods to the topological organization of brain connectivity has been a useful tool in the characterization of brain related disorders. However, the availability of tools, which enable researchers to investigate functional brain networks, is still a major challenge. Most of the studies evaluating brain images are based on centrality and segregation measurements of complex networks. in this study, we applied the concept of graph spectral entropy (GSE) to quantify the complexity in the organization of brain networks. in addition, to enhance interpretability, we also combined graph spectral clustering to investigate the topological organization of sub-network's modules. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach by comparing brain networks between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and the brain networks of typical developing (TD) controls. the main findings highlighted that GSE involving sub-networks comprising the areas mostly bilateral pre and post central cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyri were statistically different (p-value = 0.002) between ADHD patients and TO controls. in the same conditions, the other conventional graph descriptors (betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, and shortest path length) commonly used to identify connectivity abnormalities did not show statistical significant difference. We conclude that analysis of topological organization of brain sub-networks based on GSE can identify networks between brain regions previously unobserved to be in association with ADHD. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Música e processamento temporal em crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-17) Carrer, Luiz Rogerio Jorgensen [UNIFESP]; Muszkat, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    ADHD is one of the most all-embracing neurodevelopmental disorders involving cognitive and behavioral aspects with repercussion in many environments of life of children and their families like social interaction and academic performance, and also with frequent association with psychiatric comorbidities. In this sense, we think that music, with its playful and spontaneous, affective, motivational, temporal and rhythmic dimension can be of great help to study many aspects of temporal processing related to ADHD. In this work we study time processing with sounds and music in children with ADHD, evaluating how time perception and expression in music is related to the modulation of executive and inhibitory control of impulsive behaviors related to ADHD with the hypothesis that children with ADHD have differentiated performance when compared with children with typical development in tasks of time estimation, production, reproduction of time durations and temporal synchronization with music. Objectives: Develop a battery of sound and musical tasks to evaluate and correlate performance of children with ADHD, with and without use of stimulant medication, compared to a control group of children with typical development. Method: 36 participants aged 6 to 14 years where recruted at NANI-Unifesp, sub-divided into three groups with 12 children: without medication, with medication, and control group. Evaluation sheets and data collected with the computer recorded the participant's performance in the tasks. Place: Serene’s Music Cognition Laboratory. Instrument: The tasks of BAMT were divided into the following sections: spontaneous time; time synchronization; time estimation with simple sounds; time estimation with music, and time reproduction. Results: 1 - The performance of group ADHD/SM in the task of temporal synchronization with music was statistically lower than the control group and ADHD/CM only when task reaches 60 seconds of accomplishment. 2 - Performance of ADHD/SM in temporal estimation of simple sounds in short time intervals (30 ms) was statistically lower than the control and ADHD/CM groups. 3 - Performance of ADHD/CM was higher than the ADHD/SM group and control group in time estimated with music. 4 – In the task of comparison between musical excerpts of the same duration, ADHD group (with and without medication) considered as longest the track that contained largest number of notes with longer durations (track 7). While in the control group, duration was related to the density of sound stimuli (musical notes). BAMT may be a proposal integrating areas such as music therapy, neuroscience and cognition within musical approach in order to minimize the impact and repercussions of pedagogical and educational disorders through positive mediation of art.
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    Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos
    (Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006-04-01) Mattos, Paulo; Palmini, André; Salgado, Carlos Alberto; Segenreich, Daniel; Grevet, Eugênio; Oliveira, Irismar Reis de; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Romano, Marcos [UNIFESP]; Louzã, Mário; Abreu, Paulo Belmonte de; Lima, Pedro Prado; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade do Estado de São Paulo
    Present difficulties in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults have prompted Brazilian specialists involved in research in this area to make a consensus to be used in the country. A non-systematic preliminary review was repeatedly evaluated by all authors, who added new material, commented and corrected parts of the text for 6 months through electronic mail and a further meeting sponsored by the Brazilian Association of Attention-Deficit Disorder. The preliminary version was publicly presented during the annual congress of the Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Brazilian Association for Psychiatry) for appraisal and suggestions from participants in order to prepare the final version.
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    Poor stimulus discriminability as a common neuropsychological deficit between ADHD and reading ability in young children: a moderated mediation model
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Lucio, Patricia Silva [UNIFESP]; Salum, G. A.; Rohde, L. A.; Swardfager, W.; Gadelha, A.; Vandekerckhove, J.; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Polanczyk, G. V.; do Rosario, M. C.; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Cogo-Moreira, Hugo [UNIFESP]
    Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with poorer reading ability
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    Possible Cognitive Benefits of Acute Physical Exercise in Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Grassmann, Viviane [UNIFESP]; Alves, Marcus Vinicius [UNIFESP]; Santos-Galduroz, Ruth Ferreira; Fernandes Galduroz, Jose Carlos [UNIFESP]
    Objective: Studies have suggested that even a single session of physical exercise enhances executive functions. ADHD is among the most common developmental disorders in childhood, but little is known about alternative treatments for this disorder. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to analyze articles that evaluated the executive functions of children with ADHD after an acute exercise session. Method: We reviewed articles indexed in the PubMed, American Psychiatric Association (APA) psychNET, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases between 1980 and 2013. Results: Of 231 articles selected, only three met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Based on these 3 articles, we concluded that 30 min of physical exercise reportedly improved the executive functions of children with ADHD. Due to the small number of articles selected, further studies are needed to confirm these benefits.
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    A prática da atenção plena (mindfulness) como possibilidade de tratamento integrativo e complementar para adultos com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (tdah): uma revisão sistemática
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-02-10) Médici, Jackeline [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Alessandra Mussi [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7373640456805525; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno psiquiátrico do neurodesenvolvimento muito comum na infância e que frequentemente persiste na idade adulta. A característica essencial do TDAH é um padrão persistente de desatenção e/ou hiperatividade-impulsividade que afeta o funcionamento cognitivo, comportamental, emocional e social do indivíduo. Este transtorno possui uma prevalência de 4% a 7% entre as crianças e de 2,5% entre os adultos. Atualmente, as intervenções mais recomendadas envolvem a associação do tratamento psicológico combinado ao farmacológico. Os fármacos mais utilizados para o tratamento do TDAH são os psicoestimulantes, os quais podem levar a dependência, tolerância e promover efeitos adversos severos. Assim, novos tratamentos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhorar a eficácia da terapêutica para o TDAH, e neste caso as terapias alternativas e complementares (PICs) têm ganhado destaque. Deste modo, o presente estudo objetivou investigar os benefícios da prática da Atenção Plena (Mindfulness) como tratamento alternativo ou adjuvante para adultos com TDAH. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Medline. A partir da busca foram encontrados 16 artigos elegíveis. Todos os estudos mostraram, que independente dos protocolos de Mindfulness, a prática levou a uma melhora dos principais sintomas do TDAH, isto é, com as práticas de Atenção Plena houve diminuição da hiperatividade, divagação e desatenção. Além disso, todos os artigos que mediram clinicamente também sintomas de Depressão e de Ansiedade reportaram melhora nos sintomas após a MM.
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    Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy for the treatment of adults with ADHD-a systematic review of available meta-analyses
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2013-12-01) Moriyama, Tais S. [UNIFESP]; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.; Terzi, Fernanda S.; Faria, Kauy M.; Rohde, Luis A.; Natl Inst Dev Psychiat Children & Adolescents INC; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul
    Objective/Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult life is a prevalent condition. We systematically reviewed the literature available by searching for meta-analyses assessing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for adults with ADHD.Methods Using wide-ranging search terms, we retrieved 191 titles from the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Two independent evaluators judged all abstracts. Only meta-analyses about the treatment of adults with ADHD were included. Information from meta-analyses found was systematically extracted by 3 independent evaluators.Results Eight meta-analyses were identified. Results from those meta-analyses suggest that stimulants are effective in decreasing ADHD symptoms on a short-term basis with a medium to large effect size (ES). Short-acting stimulants might be superior to long-acting stimulants, but no data on difference in adherence are available for the comparison of these two types of formulation. Bupropion is superior to placebo but less effective than stimulants. No conclusions about the impact of psychosocial interventions can be drawn based on meta-analyses so far.Discussion the efficacy of stimulants in reducing ADHD symptoms for adults is well documented in meta-analyses, but there is a concerning lack of meta-analysis about other treatment interventions.Conclusion the available meta-analytic literature does not cover questions of essential clinical relevance for adults with ADHD.
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    The response to stress in Brazilian children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-08-15) Palma, Sonia M. M.; Fernandes, Diana R. M.; Muszkat, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Calil, Helena M. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This study assessed the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, during response to stress, through the measurement of salivary cortisol in 38 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its subtypes, who were matched to 38 healthy control subjects. These measures were made at four time intervals: 15 min before exposing the subjects to a stressor - the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) - and 20, 40, and 60 min after such exposure. the baseline cortisol levels were statistically similar in both groups. the mean values of cortisol at the four time intervals were not statistically different between the three subtypes of ADHD (inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined); thus, the ADHD group was treated as a single group. Following the stressor test. the ADHD group had significantly higher levels of salivary cortisol than the control group at time intervals of 20 and 40 min, whereas in this latter group exposure to the CPT did not induce an increase of cortisol. These results suggest that the increased cortisol levels in the ADHD group could be due to the lack of comorbidities. in addition, these patients, when facing a computerized test. might have responded with a motivational pathway with an increase of cortisol. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.