PPG - Análise Ambiental Integrada

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https://hdl.handle.net/11600/61106

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Navegando PPG - Análise Ambiental Integrada por Palavras-chave "Abastecimento público"

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    Mata ciliar e valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos para a regulação de qualidade da água da Bacia do Guarapiranga (São Paulo): projeções de cenário futuro (2030) e de atendimento à legislação ambiental
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-10-29) Adas, Mariana Amelia Arantes [UNIFESP]; Semensatto Junior, Decio Luis [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The provision and maintenance of water quality for public supply are some of the ecosystem services that produce significant economic and social impacts. We estimated the economic value of these ecosystem services provided by the riparian vegetation of the permanent preservation areas (PPAs) located on the streams and margins of the Guarapiranga Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil). For this purpose, we used as references previous studies on the evolution of land use and cover in the watershed and estimates of the vegetation cover loss over time with their respective impacts on the cost of treatment of raw water for public supply. We mapped the PPAs and verified the present land use types for the association between the area of the riparian zone and its respective valuation. The valuation considered two scenarios predicted: (i) the value of ecosystem services provided if the PPAs were recovered according to the incident environmental laws; and (ii) for the year 2030, maintaining the pace of urbanization and losing vegetation in the watershed observed between 1986 and 2010. Accomplishing the first scenario demands reforesting 5.917,5 ha of the PPAs, which may dramatically reduce the annual expenses with chemicals for treating raw water and save around USD 181,774 for each 1000 m3 of treated water. For 2030, we estimate a loss of 6220 ha of the riparian vegetation taking the year 1986 as the initial reference. These changes in land use and cover may raise annual expense with chemicals for water treatment from around USD 6.6 million in 2010 to USD 38,1 million in 2030 as consequence of losing ecosystem services provided by vegetation, which would result in an accumulated increase of about USD 318 million in treatment costs between 2011 and 2030. Although stakeholders could amortize this loss, one must consider that the degradation of the water quality associated with the loss of vegetation cover can reach such a level that makes the multiple uses of the reservoir unfeasible. Even considering an underestimation on the valuation of ecosystem services, these projections indicate the strategic importance of recovering and preserving the riparian vegetation and the economic valuation of the environmental resources, having as a consequence significant social and economic impact in the hydrographic basin.