Navegando por Palavras-chave "speech perception"

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    The impact of speech rate on sentence recognition by elderly individuals
    (Assoc Brasileira Otorrinolaringologia & Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2013-11-01) Lessa, Alexandre Hundertmarck; Costa, Maristela Julio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Difficulty understanding speech, particularly in situations unfavorable to communication, is a common complaint among elderly individuals.Objective: to verify the variables connected to hearing loss and stimulus presentation rate and their impact on the speech recognition skills of elderly subjects in quiet and noisy environments.Method: this case-control study included two groups of subjects (31 elderly subjects with normal hearing and 26 with hearing loss) exposed to the List of Sentences in Portuguese and the Slowed List of Sentences in Portuguese tests. Sentence recognition indices were calculated for tests done against noisy and quiet backgrounds at a normal and reduced speech rate. Data sets were submitted to statistical analysis.Results: elderly subjects from both groups had better test results when sentences were played at a slower rate. Statistically significant difference was seen for both groups when the tests were carried out on a quiet background and for the group with hearing loss when tested on a noisy background.Conclusion: regardless of their peripheral hearing, the elderly subjects included in this study were more able to recognize speech when sentences were played at a slower rate against a quiet background. When sentences were played against a noisy background, the elderly subjects with hearing loss had more significant performance improvements than the ones with normal hearing when sentences were played at a slower rate.
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    Próteses auditivas e tempos de recuperação: estudo segundo status cognitivo
    (Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2013-04-01) Ghiringhelli, Rosângela [UNIFESP]; Iorio, Maria Cecilia Martinelli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Studies have shown that elderly people with cognitive impairments benefit more from hearing aids with slower recovery times. OBJECTIVE: To study participation constraints and speech recognition in noise of elderly subjects equipped with hearing aids of different recovery times according to cognitive impairment status. METHOD: Fifty subjects aged between 60 and 80 years were followed for four months. They were divided at first in groups of individuals without (G1; n = 24) and with (G2; n = 26) cognitive impairment based on results of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale -Cognitive Sub-scale test. Half the members of each group received hearing aids with faster recovery times and half got slower recovery aids, thus forming four groups: two without cognitive impairment (faster recovery - G1F; slower recovery - G1S) and two suspected for cognitive impairment (faster recovery - G2F; slower recovery - G2S). All subjects were interviewed, submitted to basic audiological assessment, asked to answer the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly questionnaire, and tested for speech recognition in noise. ANOVA, McNemar's test, and the Chi-square test were applied. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in participation constraint and speech recognition in noise with hearing aids alone. Sub-group G2F needed more favorable signal-to-noise ratios to recognize 50% of the speech in noise. CONCLUSION: Participation constraint and speech recognition in noise were improved regardless of recovery times or cognitive impairment status.
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    Reconhecimento de fala de indivíduos normo-ouvintes com zumbido e hiperacusia
    (Fundação Otorrinolaringologia, 2011-03-01) Hennig, Tais Regina; Costa, Maristela Julio [UNIFESP]; Urnau, Daila; Becker, Karine Thaís; Schuster, Larissa Cristina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Departamento de Fonoaudiologia
    INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus and hyperacusis are increasingly frequent audiological symptoms that may occur in the absence of the hearing involvement, but it does not offer a lower impact or bothering to the affected individuals. The Medial Olivocochlear System helps in the speech recognition in noise and may be connected to the presence of tinnitus and hyperacusis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the speech recognition of normal-hearing individual with and without complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis, and to compare their results. METHOD: Descriptive, prospective and cross-study in which 19 normal-hearing individuals were evaluated with complaint of tinnitus and hyperacusis of the Study Group (SG), and 23 normal-hearing individuals without audiological complaints of the Control Group (CG). The individuals of both groups were submitted to the test List of Sentences in Portuguese, prepared by Costa (1998) to determine the Sentences Recognition Threshold in Silence (LRSS) and the signal to noise ratio (S/N). The SG also answered the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory for tinnitus analysis, and to characterize hyperacusis the discomfort thresholds were set. RESULTS: The CG and SG presented with average LRSS and S/N ratio of 7.34 dB NA and -6.77 dB, and of 7.20 dB NA and -4.89 dB, respectively. CONCLUSION: The normal-hearing individuals with or without audiological complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis had a similar performance in the speech recognition in silence, which was not the case when evaluated in the presence of competitive noise, since the SG had a lower performance in this communication scenario, with a statistically significant difference.
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    Zonas mortas na cóclea em freqüências altas: implicações no processo de adaptação de prótese auditivas
    (ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, 2007-06-01) Gordo, Angela [UNIFESP]; Iorio, Maria Cecilia Martinelli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In patients with moderate to severe high-frequency hearing loss, cochlear damage may include dead regions where there are no functional inner hair cells and/or associated neurons. AIM: This study examines speech recognition in sensorineural impaired hearing patients with and without cochlear dead regions at high frequencies. METHODS: a clinical and experimental study was made of thirty patients with sensorineural hearing loss that were classified into two groups: group 1 - included 15 subjects with hearing loss and no dead regions; and group 2 - included 15 subjects with dead regions in the cochlea at high frequencies. Patients undertook word recognition score and speech reception threshold tests, with and without background noise. The speech tests were done with and without hearing aids in two situations: program 1 - broadband amplification (bandwidth 8000 Hz); and program 2 - amplification up to 2560 Hz, without high frequency gain. RESULTS: For subjects with no dead regions in the cochlea (group 1) performance improved with program 1. For subjects with dead regions in the cochlea (group 2) performance improved with program 2. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with no dead regions in the cochlea benefited from high-frequency information. Subjects with dead regions in the cochlea benefited from reduced gain at high frequencies.