Navegando por Palavras-chave "pobreza"

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    Associação entre desnutrição em crianças moradoras de favelas, estado nutricional materno e fatores socioambientais
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2010-06-01) Silveira, Kátia B. R.; Alves, Jullyana Flávia da Rocha; Ferreira, Haroldo S.; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]; Florêncio, Telma M. M. T.; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Alagoas; Universidade Federal de Alagoas Faculdade de Nutrição; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of malnutrition in children living in substandard settlements (slums) of Maceió, AL, Brazil, with maternal nutritional status and environmental conditions. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving a probability sample of 2,075 mothers (18 to 45 years) and their children (4 months to 6 years), living in the slums of the city of Maceió. First, we conducted a cluster analysis with the purpose of choosing the settlements and the administrative region of the city of Maceió with the lowest human development index. After this analysis, the 7th Administrative Region was designated for the study, including its 23 substandard settlements. Socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, and maternal and child health data were collected by means of household survey. The statistical analysis included the odds ratio of a child to be malnourished, and the univariate regression was used to check which maternal variables were associated with this malnutrition. RESULTS: Chronic malnutrition (-2 standard deviations/height for age) was found in 8.6% of children and was associated with mother's age and educational level, type of residence, number of rooms, flooring, water supply, and low birth weight (< 2,500 g) in children aged < 24 months. We also found an association between child malnutrition and maternal height. Such association was not observed regarding body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of malnutrition observed in these settlements was related to social and environmental conditions and short maternal height, who had weight deficit or weight excess.
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    A baixa estatura leve está associada a índices mais elevados de gordura corporal: estudo de uma população de baixa renda
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2011-04-01) Clemente, Ana Paula Grotti [UNIFESP]; Santos, Carla Danusa da Luz [UNIFESP]; Martins, Vinícius José Baccin [UNIFESP]; Benedito-Silva, Ana Amélia [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Maria Paula; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of transferring a pediatric population to mechanical ventilator dependency units (MVDUs) or to home mechanical ventilation (HMV) on bed availability in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This is a longitudinal, retrospective study of hospitalized children who required prolonged mechanical ventilation at the MVDU located at the Hospital Auxiliar de Suzano, a secondary public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. We calculated the number of days patients spent at MVDU and on HMV, and analyzed their survival rates with Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were admitted to the MVDU in 7.3 years. Median length of stay in this unit was 239 days (interquartile range = 102-479). Of these patients, 22 came from the ICU, where their transfer made available 8,643 bed-days (a mean of 14 new patients per month). HMV of eight patients made 4,022 bed-days available in the hospital in 4 years (a mean of 12 new patients per month in the ICU). Survival rates of patients at home were not significantly different from those observed in hospitalized patients. CONCLUSION: A hospital unit for mechanical ventilator-dependent patients and HMV can improve bed availability in ICUs. Survival rates of patients who receive HMV are not significantly different from those of patients who remain hospitalized.
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    A baixa estatura leve está associada ao aumento da pressão arterial em adolescentes com sobrepeso
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC, 2012-01-01) Clemente, Ana Paula Grotti [UNIFESP]; Santos, Carla Danusa [UNIFESP]; Benedito-Silva, Ana Amélia [UNIFESP]; Martins, Vinícius José Baccin [UNIFESP]; Marchesano, Anna Carolina [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Mariana Belluca [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Maria Paula; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional
    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that pre/postnatal undernutrition leads to higher risk of non communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overweight adolescents with mild stunting [height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) in the range <-1 to >-2] have higher blood pressure than overweight individuals with normal stature (HAZ >-1). MEHTODS: Participants were classified as mildly stunted or of normal stature, and further stratified according to body mass index-for-age percentiles as overweight, normal or underweight. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DPB) blood pressures were determined according to guidelines, and abdominal fat was analyzed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Mild stunted overweight individuals showed higher DBP values (p=0.001) than their underweight counterparts (69.75 ± 12.03 and 54.46±11.24 mmHg, respectively), but similar to those of normal BMI. No differences were found in DBP values of normal, overweight and underweight individuals among the normal stature groups. An increase in SBP (p=0.01) among mild stunted individuals was found when those with overweight were compared to their underweight and normal BMI counterparts (114.70 ± 15.46, 97.38 ± 10.87 and 104.72 ± 12.24 mmHg, respectively). Although no differences were observed in the means of SBP between mild stunting and normal stature groups, a significant intercept was found (p=0.01), revealing higher SBP among stunted individuals. There was a correlation between SBP and abdominal fat (r=0.42, ρ=0.02) in the stunted group. CONCLUSION: Stunted individuals with overweight showed higher SBP than those of normal stature and overweight. These findings confirm that mild stunting increase the risk of future hypertension and alterations are evident at early age.
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    Old, poor and out on the streets: on the road to exclusion
    (Univ Sao Paolo, 2007-09-01) Fernandes, Flávia Saraiva Leão [UNIFESP]; Raizer, Milena Veiga [UNIFESP]; Bretas, Ana Cristina Passarella [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This exploratory study aimed to investigate and describe the homeless elderly population user of a shelter specifically designed for them in São Paulo. A total of 20 elderly participated in the study. the data were gathered through interviews and field observation. the data analysis was based on Collective Health and Gerontology references. the main results reveal that the vulnerability of the elderly to become homeless occurs in a macro level, characterized by fragile work and residence ties. the micro level is characterized by the lack of familiar support. in conclusion, this study led us to rethink the human values regarding the social inequalities as well the trivialization of social injustice. We learned to view the homeless elderly as subject and not just passive object of charity and assistance.
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    Percepções das condicionalidades nos programas de transferência de renda: o caso das beneficiárias do CRAS Morro Nova Cintra
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-08-26) Ramacciotti, Nathalia Nabor [UNIFESP]; Acosta, Ana Rojas [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4761034356311819; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8431985659418135; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Social Security appears in Europe in the twentieth century as a tool to address the structural inequalities in the workforce produced by capitalism. From the Washington Consensus, 1989, the World Bank has established guidelines for cash transfer programs for developing countries. Brazilian programs, following these guidelines, are focal programs and intend to increase the ?human capital? of the population through conditionalities in the areas of Health and Education. This dissertation aimed to investigate the effects of compliance with these conditionalities, especially gender related, through the speech of their beneficiaries at CRAS Morro Nova Cintra, Santos. It started from the hypothesis that by prioritizing the female figure as the main responsible for compliance with conditionalities there is the risk of negative impacts on the life of this subject. This is a quantitative-qualitative practical research with explanatory goals. Data collection was conducted through focus groups, survey of official texts and social records analysis. Data analysis was performed by Critical Discourse Analysis. Dialectical Materialism was the theoretical referential. Women surveyed perceive conditionality as charge, and although not directly resent it, point out that other participants who are not meeting the commitments, should be as charged as they are. The results also showed that the sexual division of labor appeared in the speeches collected in the focus groups, but not in the discourses of the state. Public policies do not act effectively to change this unfair situation, which may contribute to the maintenance of social inequality in Brazil.