Navegando por Palavras-chave "health surveys"
Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Academic autopsies in Brazil - a national survey(Associação Médica Brasileira, 2014-01-01) Felipe-silva, Aloísio; Ishigai, Márcia; Mauad, Thaís; University of São Paulo Hospital Universitário anatomic Pathology Service; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); University of São Paulo School of Medicine Department of PathologyObjective:To investigate the number and rate of academic autopsies, general organization, educational and research in Brazilian academic services.Methods:Standardized questionnaires were sent to Brazilian medical schools (n=177) and active pathology residency programs (n=53) from March to June 2009. Data were collected for years 2003 to 2008.Results:Thirty-two academic services in 11 Brazilian states answered the survey. Twenty-one (65.6%) perform less than a hundred autopsies for natural causes and less than fifty pediatric or fetal autopsies/year. Twenty-four (75%) perform less than a hundred adult autopsies/year. Many institutions (46.9%) reported a drop in the number of autopsies in a six-year period. The total autopsy count and autopsy rate in 2008 ranged 1-632 (median = 80), and 0-66% (mean = 10.6%), respectively. A steady decrease in the total count of autopsies in a pool of 19 institutions was observed (p<0.01). Median autopsy rates have fallen from 19.3%, in 2003, to 10.6%, in 2008 (p=0.07). Significant discrepancies at autopsies led to changes in institutional healthcare practice in 37.5% of the services. The low number of autopsies was a limiting factor in undergraduate education for 25% of respondents. A minimum number of autopsies is required to complete the pathology residency program in 34.6% of the services.Conclusion:The total number and the rate of academic autopsies have decreased in Brazil between 2003 and 2008. The number of autopsies and the general organization of academic services must be enhanced to improve medical education, research, and the quality control of patient care.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosFood Insecurity and the Negative Impact on Brazilian Children's HealthWhy Does Food Security Matter for Our Future Prosperity? Brazilian National Survey (PNDS 2006/07)(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Poblacion, Ana Paula [UNIFESP]; Cook, John T.; Marin-Leon, Leticia; Segall-Correa, Ana Maria; Silveira, Jonas Augusto Cardoso da [UNIFESP]; Konstantyner, Tulio [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]Background: Food insecurity (FI) refers to limited or uncertain access to food resulting from financial constraints. Numerous studies have shown association between FI and adverse health outcomes among adults and children around the world, but in Brazil, such information is scarce, especially if referring to nationally representative information. Objective: To test for an independent association between FI and health outcomes. Methods: Most recent Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey using nationally representative complex probability sampling. Participants were 3923 children <5 years of age, each representing a household. Data from the validated Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale were dichotomized as food secure (food security/mild FI) or food insecure (moderate FI/severe FI). Poisson regression was used to test for associations between FI and various health indicators. Results: Models adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic variables showed that children hospitalized for pneumonia or diarrhea were 30% more prevalent in FI households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.3
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPrevalence and determinants of vitamin A deficiency among Brazilian children under 2 years of age from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey(Int Nutrition Foundation, 2014-12-01) Konstantyner, Tulio [UNIFESP]; Warkentin, Sarah [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Santo AmaroBackground. Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent among infants, primarily in undeveloped communities, compromising immune system competence and raising morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency is essential to create informed health policies.Objective. To identify and quantify risk factors for vitamin A deficiency in a probabilistic sample of children under 2 years of age participating in a national survey in Brazil and to provide a comprehensive risk factor model to inform health strategies and policies.Methods. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 1,436 children from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as retinol levels below 0.70 mu g/dL.Results. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was estimated at 16.1% (95% CI, 12.7 to 20.2). The Poisson regression model identified three risk factors for vitamin A deficiency: urban residence (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.47, p=.023), no consumption of animal meat within the past week (PR=1.41, p=.031), and a mother older than 25 years (PR=1.31, p=.048).Conclusions. Strategies to control infant vitamin A deficiency should include health promotion and nutrition education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Improvements in lifestyle quality, based on adequate food consumption by all infants, must be achieved by communities, especially in urban areas and for older mothers.