Navegando por Palavras-chave "Retention (Psychology)"

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    Recordação Livre de Palavras sob a Privação de Sono Total e após a Recuperação de Sono
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-01-26) Zanini, Gislaine de Almeida Valverde [UNIFESP]; Pompéia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Free recall of word lists is a task that has been used to evaluate the effects of prior sleep deprivation on declarative memory, but the results are controversial. A possible explanation for this is task impurity, because the total number of words recalled reflects use of different types of memory and strategies for organizing information, some of which may be spared by sleep deprivation. We studied the effects of two nights of total sleep deprivation and one night of recovery sleep on immediate recall of word lists considering recall by serial position, which can reflect the use of different strategies and types of memory. We also assessed susceptibility to interference. To this end, 24 healthy young volunteers were allocated to one of two groups: two nights of total sleep deprivation followed by one night of recovery sleep (n = 11) or three nights of normal sleep (group control, n = 13). Participants read and remembered aloud lists of five lists of fifteen unrelated words, one at a time, in the afternoon, a baseline and after three subsequent nights. In the analysis of variance (ANOVA with repeated measures) was not reduction in free recall during sleep deprivation when a direct comparison between groups in each of the test sessions was carried out, nor increase of susceptibility to interference. However, there was an improvement in performance in both groups throughout the experiment considering baseline performance relative to the first and intermediate serial positions, suggesting the development of recall strategies of declarative memories. This type of learning, however, occurred in the control group earlier in the study and was evident in the deprived group only after recovery sleep. There was no change in recall of words in the last serial positions, indicating that phonological short-term memory was preserved. We conclude that prior sleep deprivation does not affect memory or increase interference, and allows the development of strategies, but may decrease the advantage in using these learning strategies, which returns to control levels after one night of recovery sleep.