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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Alterações tomográficas pulmonares em mulheres não fumantes com DPOC por exposição à fumaça da combustão de lenha(Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2013-04-01) Moreira, Maria Auxiliadora Carmo; Barbosa, Maria Alves; Queiroz, Maria Conceição De Castro Antonelli Monteiro De; Teixeira, Kim Ir Sen Santos; Torres, Pedro Paulo Teixeira E Silva; Santana Júnior, Pedro José De; Montadon Júnior, Marcelo Eustáquio; Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Enfermagem; Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas; Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Imagenologia e Patologia; Clínica Multimagem Diagnósticos; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize alterations seen on HRCT scans in nonsmoking females with COPD due to wood smoke exposure. METHODS: We evaluated 42 nonsmoking females diagnosed with wood smokerelated COPD and 31 nonsmoking controls with no history of wood smoke exposure or pulmonary disease. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding demographic data, symptoms, and environmental exposure. All of the participants underwent spirometry and HRCT of the chest. The COPD and control groups were adjusted for age (23 patients each). RESULTS: Most of the patients in the study group were diagnosed with mild to moderate COPD (83.3%). The most common findings on HRCT scans in the COPD group were bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, mosaic perfusion pattern, parenchymal bands, tree-in-bud pattern, and laminar atelectasis (p < 0.001 vs. the control group for all). The alterations were generally mild and not extensive. There was a positive association between bronchial wall thickening and hour-years of wood smoke exposure. Centrilobular emphysema was uncommon, and its occurrence did not differ between the groups (p = 0.232). CONCLUSIONS: Wood smoke exposure causes predominantly bronchial changes, which can be detected by HRCT, even in patients with mild COPD.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Caracterização dos efeitos da exposição aos componentes do cigarro sobre o controle neural do sistema cardiovascular em ratos normotensos e ratos espontaneamente hipertensos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011-06-29) Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Celso [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objectives: To evaluate the effects of sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) on neural control of cardiovascular system in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Method: Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were exposed to SSCS for three weeks, five days per week, 180 minutes per day at a concentration of carbon monoxide between 100 and 300 ppm. Baroreflex was stimulated with a vasodepressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (NPNa, 50ìg/kg, iv) and with a pressor dose of phenylephrine (PE, 8ìg/kg, iv). In order to evaluate the effects of catalase inhibition into the fourth cerebral ventricle (4th V) on cardiovascular responses, we injected the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, ìg/100ìL 0.01). Results: It was observed in Wistar rats exposed to SSCS that catalase inhibition caused more intense responses on basal HR and bradycardic peak. Central catalase inhibition affected in a higher intensity baseline HR and bradycardic peak WKY rats exposed to SSCS. On the other hand, in SHR SSCS exposure affected the tachycardic peak after central inhibition of catalase in a higher intensuty. Conclusion: Exposure to SSCS alters the sympathetic component of the baroreflex in WKY and SHR and caused more severe cardiovascular responses to catalase inhibition into the 4th V in Wistar and WKY rats.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica em mulheres expostas à fumaça de fogão à lenha(Associação Médica Brasileira, 2013-12-01) Moreira, Maria Auxiliadora Carmo; Barbosa, Maria Alves; Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Queiroz, Maria Conceição Cam; Inácio, Lorine Uchôa; Universidade Federal de Goiás Serviço de Pneumologia; Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Enfermagem; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Goiás Hospital das Clínicas Programa de Residência em PneumologiaOBJECTIVE: To identify respiratory symptoms and COPD (forced vital capacity and forced expi-Pulmonary disease chronic ratory volume in one second ratio < 0.70 and below the lower limit of normal) in non-smoking obstructive women with history of exposure to wood smoke of at least 80 hours-years. METHODS: One hundred sixty nonsmoking women were included. Demographic data and information about symptoms and other environmental exposures were collected. All women underwent spirometry and those with COPD also had their lung volumes measured. RESULTS: The COPD group had greater exposure in years to wood smoke (p = 0.043), greater length of rural residence (p = 0.042) and the same length of passive smoking (p = 0.297) and farm work (p = 0.985). Cough (69.8%), sputum (55.8%) and wheezing (67.4%) predominated in the COPD group (p < 0.001) compared to those without copd (40.2%, 27.4%, 33, 3%, respectively). the copd patients had mild to moderate obstructive disturbance and normal lung volumes, except that the residual volume and total lung capacity ratio (rv/tlc) > 0.40 in 45%, which correlated negatively with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/vital forced capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC). CONCLUSION: Women with prolonged exposure to wood smoke had predominantly mild to moderate COPD. Those without COPD had a high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, justifying clinical and spirometric monitoring.