Navegando por Palavras-chave "Exercício aeróbico"

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    Aptidão cardiorrespiratória e estado nutricional de escolares: evolução em 30 anos
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2013-08-01) Ferrari, Gerson Luis de Moraes [UNIFESP]; Bracco, Mario Maia [UNIFESP]; Matsudo, Victor Keihan Rodrigues; Fisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in evaluations performed every ten years since 1978/1980, according to the nutritional status and gender of students in the city of Ilhabela, Brazil. METHODS: The study is part of the Mixed Longitudinal Project on Growth, Development and Physical Fitness of Ilhabela. The study included 1,291 students of both genders, aged 10 to 11 years old. The study periods were: 1978/1980, 1988/1990, 1998/2000, and 2008/2010. The variables analyzed were: body weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max -L.min-1 and mL.kg-1.min-1) performed using a submaximal progressive protocol on a cycle ergometer. Individuals were classified as normal weight and overweight according to curves proposed by the World Health Organization of body mass index for age and gender. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with three factors followed by the Bonferroni method were used to compare the periods. RESULTS: The number of normal weight individuals (61%) was higher than that of overweight. There was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in both genders. Among the schoolchildren with normal weight, there was a decrease of 22% in males and 26% in females. In overweight schoolchildren, males showed a decrease of 12.7% and females, of 18%. CONCLUSION: During a 30-year analysis with reviews every ten years from 1978/1980, there was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren of both genders, which cannot be explained by the nutritional status. The decline in cardiorespiratory fitness was greater in individuals with normal weight than in overweight individuals.
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    Efeito de diferentes tipos de exercícios físico no padrão e na eficiência do sono de idosos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010) Viana, Valter Antonio Rocha [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aging is a dynamic and progressive process in which occur changes in morphology, functional, biochemical and psychology aspects. Among these, is highlight, in this study the sleep, which go through remarkable modifies in life span in its pattern and efficiency of. It has been observed modifies in sleep architecture of elderly in relation to pattern of the young adult, mainly on a trend to a great number of interruptions and less deepness sleep. The increase in demographic elderly population in Brazil bring us to develop health programs to get better condition to step forward in their life. In this way, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different types of physical exercises on the sleep pattern and efficiency on the elderly, under the hypothesis that, a moderate progressive physical training program may modify their sleep parameters. The sample was composed of 57 men, randomized in three groups: Control Group (GC), Resistance Group (GR) and Aerobic Group (GA). The protocol lasted 24 weeks and the GR and GA carry out training three times a week in a routine of alternated days. The results showed that there were no statistical changes in the sleep parameters and quality of life, but there were statistical changes in the body composition of GR when compared to GC in the fat body mass (%) (p=0,01), fat body mass (Kg) (p=0,04); an increase in the weigh lifted on the 1 RM of GR when compared to GC and GA in Chest press (p=0,01), Leg Press (p=0,01), Vertical Traction (p=0,01), Leg Curl (p=0,01), Bíceps Curl (p=0,01), Abdominal Crunch (p=0,01), Arm Extension (p=0,01) e Lower Back (p=0,01); an increase in the VO2 maximum from GA to GC VO2 max.(ml/min.) (p=0,01) and in the VO2 max. relative (p=0,01). In conclusion, the results observed in this study showed that, the resistance physical exercise and the aerobic exercise did not modify the sleep pattern and efficiency, in men above 65 years old undergoing to a physical exercise program. In other hand, physical exercise done systematically and in accordance with the recommendation to this population, showed effective improvement in health bringing changes in important parameters to a better autonomy and life span on this population.
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    Efeito do exercício aeróbico à distância em relação ao presencial sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e capacidade funcional de pacientes com doença renal crônica e excesso de peso
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-02-29) Aoike, Danilo Takashi [UNIFESP]; Cuppari, Lilian [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3552074553183694; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2761150276098022; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) the presence of overweight or obesity is associated with several metabolic complications, including worsening renal function. In addition, the association between CKD and excess body fat can lead to aggravation of cardiorespiratory capacity, physical function and quality of life of the patients. Studies show that aerobic training improves several aspects of physical capacity of these patients. Although the incorporation of physical exercise on a CKD standard treatment is a challenge and this is recommended by current guidelines for all stages of disease. Besides, the lack of studies showing real benefits of practical and affordable programs further complicates the implementation of training programs for these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was compare the performance of aerobic exercise performed remotely (home-based) with the conducted in person (center-base) on cardiorespiratory and functional capacity of overweight patients with non- dialysis dependent CKD (stage 3 or 4). Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, interventional, controlled trial of a 24 weeks. Forty sedentary patients were studied (27 men), aged 55.5±8.3 years (mean±SD); BMI of 31.2±4.4 kg/m2 and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 26.9±11.7 mL/min/1.73m2. The patients were randomly assigned to the control group or the exercise group. Those who were assigned to the exercise group could choose to perform the home-based exercise or center-based exercise. The control group was instructed not to perform exercise during the follow-up. The patients from the center-based exercise group performed the aerobic training on a treadmill three times per week during 12 weeks on 9 alternate days at the Psychobiology and Exercise Study Centre under supervision of an exercise physiologist. The patients from the home-based exercise group performed aerobic training at locations nearby their home, backyard, park or street three times per week on alternate days during 12 weeks according to the instructions given by exercise physiologist. The exercised groups were subjected to the same continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted of three weekly sessions on alternate days, at the intensity of anaerobic threshold lasting 30 minutes. The duration was increased by 10 minutes every four weeks until it reached 50 minutes. Patients underwent assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity tests, the questionnaire of quality of life (SF-36), questionnaire of quality of sleep (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and routine laboratory tests before, after 12 weeks and after 24 weeks of follow-up. Results: A significant increase (p<0.05) of VO2 peak, speed at anaerobic threshold, VO2 at respiratory compensation point and maximum ventilation was observed after 12 weeks of training in the home-based group, reaching values similar to those obtained in the center-based group . As for the functional testing was observed improvement in 6-minute walk test, time up and go test, step test, sit and stand test and arm curl test was found after 12 weeks of training in the home-based group, achieving values not different from those in the center-based group. In both exercised groups the values achieved in the tests were maintained until the end of 24 weeks. No changes in those parameters were observed in the control group. The benefits observed in cardiorespiratory parameters and functional capacity resulting from the exercise reflected in improved quality of life and sleep. In addition, only in the exercised groups there 10 was a decrease in blood pressure, with no change in antihypertensive medication, sodium intake and body weight. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Home-based aerobic training promoted similar benefits to those found in the center-based group in cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, quality of life and sleep besides reducing blood pressure of overweight patients with CKD. The results of this study indicate that home-based exercise is effective and can be used safely.
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    Efeito do exercício aeróbico sobre o núcleo pulposo de ratos diabéticos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-02-24) Kasinski, Silvana Kertzer [UNIFESP]; Higa, Elisa Mieko Suemitsu [UNIFESP]; Seixas Alves, Maria Teresa de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0357765137541523; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8578252701813423; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987667171567917
    Introdução: A dor lombar tem sido associada à degeneração do núcleo pulposo (NP) do disco intervertebral (DIV). Doenças crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus (DM), acentuam a degeneração do DIV. A peroxidação lipídica causada por radicais livres e a inflamação, por meio de mediadores como IL-6 e TNF-α, contribuem para a degeneração do NP. Protocolos de exercícios aeróbicos têm mostrado resultados eficazes no tratamento do DM e da lombalgia. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto do exercício aeróbio sobre o processos inflamatório e o estresse oxidativo no NP dos DIVs de ratos diabéticos. Materiais e métodos: Foram incluídos 20 ratos Wistar uninefrectomizados e induzidos ao DM. Os ratos foram alocados em quatro grupos: CTL+SE (controle sedentário); CTL+EX (controle sob exercício); DM+SE (diabético sedentário); e DM+EX (diabético sob exercício). O protocolo de exercícios consistiu em corridas por uma hora por dia, durante oito semanas. Ao final do treinamento, foram feitas análises da função renal, por meio das dosagens plasmáticas de ureia e creatinina, e da peroxidação lipídica, por meio de dosagens TBARS (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico). Os DIVs lombares foram removidos para análise histológica e de imunohistoquímica para avaliar a expressão de IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e MDA (malondialdeído, substância derivada da peroxidação lipídica). Resultados: A análise histológica do NP mostrou maior número de células com núcleos normais em ratos DM+EX em comparação com ratos DM+SE (p<0,01). Ratos DM+EX tiveram expressão diminuída de IL-6 e de TNF-alfa em comparação com DM+SE (p<0,001 e p<0,05, respectivamente). Os níveis de creatinina e TBARS de ratos DM+EX mostraram-se reduzidos em comparação com ratos DM+SE (respectivamente p<0,001 e p<0,05). Conclusão: A atividade física regular mostrou eficácia em atenuar as condições patológicas induzidas pelo diabetes no NP, pois limitou o impacto da inflamação ao reduzir a expressão de IL-6 e TNF-α, preservando a estrutura celular e tecidual. A atividade física aeróbica também mostrou eficácia em reduzir a peroxidação lipídica e melhorar a função renal de ratos diabéticos.
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    Efetividade do exercício físico na insuficiência renal crônica
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 2012-03-01) Nascimento, Leilane Cristielle de Alencar; Coutinho, Érika Bona; Silva, Kelson Nonato Gomes da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual do Piauí; Centro Universitário de Maringá; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    INTRODUCTION: Physical activity in nephropathy patients submitted to hemodialysis becomes important since these patients presents marked reduction in the functionality and conditioning that impairs life quality. However, the benefits, the most appropriate type of exercise and parameters such as intensity, frequency and duration are not well defined in this population. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature about the effects of physical exercise in chronic renal patients submitted to hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, LILACS, PEDro, PubMed and SciELO bases were searched, being selected articles (clinical randomized controlled trials, series of case and case study) in languages, English and Portuguese, published between 2000 and 2010. RESULTS: 105 articles were found, 82 from PubMed database, 16 from PEDro and 7 from SciELO base. No articles were found in MEDLINE and LILACS bases. From these ones, only seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From these seven articles, an active manual search was held in the list of references of these publications, being possible to verify in them the presence of only three references. CONCLUSION: By the reviewed articles it was possible to conclude that either aerobic and/or physical exercise have incremental effects on functional capacity, muscle function and life quality of nephropathy patients submitted to hemodialysis. Therefore, physical training should be considered as an important therapeutic modality, being central the insertion of the physiotherapist in dialysis centers as part of a multidisciplinary team.