Instituto do Mar (IMar)

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Armonización del protocolo de evaluación de calidad de sedimentos y materiales dragados en zonas estuarinas y portuarias del Atlántico
(Universidad de Cádiz, 2008) Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0408418557980214
En este estudio se propone la aplicación de un método de evaluación integrado para estimar la calidad de los sedimentos y materiales de dragado. El método, desarrollado en el ecosistema bentónico, tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de polución de los sedimentos. Para esto se llevó a cabo la determinación simultánea de los niveles de contaminación, los efectos tóxicos sobre los organismos bajo condiciones de laboratorio y los efectos adversos que se producen sobre las comunidades bentónicas en condiciones de campo. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la armonización de protocolos para la caracterización ambiental de los sedimentos y material de dragado portuario entre Brasil y España, integrándose la herramienta biológica y posibilitando la gestión de este material mediante un método escalonado para una correcta toma de decisiones, común a los países objeto de estudio. El trabajo consta de tres fases: 1) una primera basada en la caracterización físico-química y toxicológica de los sedimentos en Brasil (Sistema Estuarino de Santos y Sistema Estuarino de Paranaguá) y en España (Ría de Huelva, Bahía de Cádiz y Bahía de Algeciras) para determinar la contaminación y grado de polución existente en las estaciones elegidas de cada zona costera; 2) en la segunda fase se aplicó el método completo de forma simultánea para todas las zonas de estudio, integrando los resultados de los análisis físico-químicos, de los tests ecotoxicologicos y de la estructura de la comunidad bentónica; 3) por último se incorporó la determinación de los índices de calidad ambiental y el cálculo de guías de calidad ambiental (SQVs) para cada una de las zonas estudio. Estos criterios (SQVs) fueron comparados con los niveles de acción que se utilizan habitualmente en las recomendaciones para la gestión de dragados portuarios en Brasil, España y otros países. La hipótesis de partida establece que los métodos integrados son válidos para la caracterización del material de dragado y para su gestión en sistemas litorales del hemisferio norte y del hemisferio sur. La inclusión de diferentes líneas de evidencia, como la determinación de las concentraciones de contaminantes en sedimentos, sus efectos tóxicos y la modificación de la estructura de la macrofauna bentónica permite establecer niveles de acción para la cuantificación de la calidad ambiental de sus sedimentos y con base a ellos, establecer su correcta gestión. Se considera que en las zonas estuarinas y portuarias sujetas a diversos tipos de contaminación industrial y domestica – existe una correlación entre el nivel de contaminación de los sedimentos (medido a través de la cuantificación de los niveles de metales, hidrocarburos policiclícos aromáticos y bifenilas policloradas), la toxicidad (medida en laboratorio a través de la exposición de organismos marinos al sedimento estudiado) y las alteraciones en el ecosistema bentónico (investigado a través del análisis de la estructura de la comunidad de la macrofauna bentónica). En este trabajo se pretende una optimización y aplicación de un método integrado para la adecuada evaluación de la calidad de los sedimentos en distintos sistemas estuarinos y portuarios del Atlántico. A través de este método integrado se desarrolló un protocolo de caracterización de material de dragado amplio y efectivo, lo que posibilita su aplicación en ambas áreas de estudio.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões de violência domiciliar associada ao uso de álcool no Brasil
(Rev. Saúde Pública [online], 2009-01-28) Fonseca, Arilton Martins [UNIFESP]; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Tondowski, Cláudia Silveira [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6721302687122326
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The dynamics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Paranaguá estuarine system, Southern Brazil
(Inst Oceanografico, Univ Sao Paulo, 2011-10-01) Gusso-Choueri, Paloma Kachel; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; Machado, Eunice C.; Univ Fed Parana; Univ Santa Cecilia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in Paranagua Estuarine System (PES) as to infer about the contribution of allochthonous FDOM to the estuarine waters in relation to tidal condition and seasons. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used for such purpose and DOM characterization through fluorescence emission was performed using excitation wavelengths of lambda ex 350 nm and lambda ex 450 nm, the two main fluorescence groups known to be present in natural DOM. Relations between emission wavelength (lambda em) and environmental variables, and the relevance of these variables to the different tides and seasons were identified by principal component analysis. The results showed that the first class of fluorophores (lambda ex 350 nm) changed from the river (freshwater) towards the estuary, whilst the second class (lambda ex 450 nm) has a more conservative nature and does not change as significantly as the first. Allochthonous DOM contribution to the estuarine system is intensified during the rainy season, especially in spring tides, whereas in the dry season the ratio of autochthonous DOM to total DOM in PES waters increased. We concluded that the variation of maximum lambda em of the first class of fluorophores (lambda ex 350 nm) is mainly related to allochthonous contribution, whilst the maximum of emission for the second class of fluorophores (lambda ex 450 nm) is dependent on the contribution of the different sources of organic matter (freshwater and marine water DOM contribution).
Somente Metadadados
Effects of Dietary Copper on Life-History Traits of a Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran
(Springer, 2012-05-01) Gusso-Choueri, Paloma Kachel; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Parana; Univ Santa Cecilia; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
Life-history parameters of Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Cladocera: Daphniidae) fed on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Chlorophyceae) exposed to different copper concentrations were investigated. C. cornuta individuals were reared in four treatments: (a) reconstituted water and non-contaminated algae (RW); (b) reconstituted water and copper-contaminated algae with either 1.28 x 10(-13) (10(-7)Cu) or (c) 1.93 x 10(-13) g Cu cell(-1) (10(-6)Cu); and (d) natural water from a local reservoir and non-contaminated algae (NW). Copper content in C. cornuta individuals increased as diet-borne exposure increased (RW < 10(-7)Cu < NW < 10(-6)Cu), except for NW individuals, which exhibited higher copper body burden than RW and 10(-7)Cu individuals, suggesting that some copper was available in the natural water. the results suggest that subacute levels of dietary copper stimulated C. cornuta's growth and reproduction, whereas organisms reared on reconstituted water showed nutritional deficiency. Depending on copper exposure concentration, either growth (lower Cu concentration) or reproduction (higher Cu concentration) was further stimulated, suggesting that an alteration of resource allocation is involved in diet-borne copper exposure. Because differences among treatments were only significantly different after day 12 of the experiment, our results reinforce that full life-cycle tests are more appropriate than the standard 7 day or three-brood chronic bioassays used to evaluate dietary copper effects at low, chronic copper inputs and that the use of standard test-organisms may not address site-specific situations for tropical environments.
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Abundance of biofilm on intertidal rocky shores: Can trampling by humans be a negative influence?
(Elsevier B.V., 2012-08-01) Leite, Lucas Gonçalves; Ciotti, Aurea Maria; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8371936113893684; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9709038244305541; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4170381439518486; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Trampling by human visitors to rocky shores is a known stressor on macroorganisms. However, the effects of trampling on rocky intertidal biofilm, a complex association of microorganisms of ecological importance in coastal communities, have not been quantified. We evaluated the impact of trampling frequency and intensity on total biomass of epilithic microalgae on intertidal rocky shores in the southeast of Brazil. There was a trend of increase in the variability of biomass of biofilm in function of intensity of trampling, but no significant effects emerged among trampling treatments. the low influence of trampling on biofilm might be a result of the small dimensions of the organisms coupled with their natural resilience and roughness of the substrate; the former preventing the removal of biofilm layers by shoes and facilitating their quick recovery. Our results provide insights for management and conservation of coastal ecosystems revealing a weaker impact of trampling on biofilm than that reported on macroorganisms.
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Biological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the pharmaceutical Triclosan in the marine mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Elsevier B.V., 2012-09-01) Cortez, Fernando Sanzi; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra [UNIFESP]; Santos, Aldo Ramos; Cesar, Augusto [UNIFESP]; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; Martini, Gisela de Assis; Bohrer-Morel, Maria Beatriz; IPEN CNEN SP; Univ Santa Cecilia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Triclosan (5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol) is an antibacterial compound widely employed in pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Although this emerging compound has been detected in aquatic environments, scarce information is found on the effects of Triclosan to marine organisms. the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of a concentration range of Triclosan through fertilization assay (reproductive success), embryo-larval development assay (early life stage) and physiological stress (Neutral Red Retention Time assay - NRRT) (adult stage) in the marine sentinel organism Perna perm the mean inhibition concentrations for fertilization (IC50 = 0.490 mg L-1) and embryo-larval development (IC50 = 0.135 mg L-1) tests were above environmental relevant concentrations (ng L-1) given by previous studies. Differently, significant reduction on NRRT results was found at 12 ng L-1, demonstrating the current risk of the continuous introduction of Triclosan into aquatic environments, and the need of ecotoxicological studies oriented by the mechanism of action of the compound. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Somente Metadadados
The application of biochemical responses to assess environmental quality of tropical estuaries: field surveys
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2012-10-01) Maranho, Luciane Alves; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra [UNIFESP]; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; Cesar, Augusto [UNIFESP]; Gusso-Choueri, Paloma Kachel; Torres, Ronaldo José; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza; Morais, Rodofley Davino; Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido; DelValls, Tomas Ángel; Martin-Diaz, Maria Laura; Univ Cadiz UCA CSIC; Univ Cadiz; Univ Santa Cecilia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN; Univ Fed Parana; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
A battery of biomarkers of exposure (EROD, DBF, GST and GPx) and effect (lipid peroxidation and DNA damage - strand breaks) were analyzed in gill tissues from caged and native oysters Crassostrea rhizophorae exposed to two tropical estuarine systems in SW Brazil: Santos (S1, S2, S3, S4) and Paranagua (P1 - control, P2, P3, P4). the exposure lasted 28 days. Native oysters were sampled in the same areas where caged systems were exposed. Significant induction of biomarkers of exposure to organic compounds and oxidative stress (p < 0.05) were observed in all transplanted individuals from Santos resulting in DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Biological adverse effects were more evident in oysters transplanted in the Santos Estuarine System, a recognized contaminated area, than in the Paranagua Estuarine System, surrounded by urban areas and Environmental Protected Areas. Native specimens from both estuaries showed adaption to the impacts of several contamination sources affecting the ecosystem. the use of transplanted C. rhizophorae proved to be a suitable tool for assessing and monitoring the environmental quality in mangrove ecosystems. This integrated approach employing multi-biomarker responses under field conditions could be incorporated as a descriptor of health status in tropical estuarine systems.
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Female-biased sex ratios in marine pelagic copepods: Response to Hirst et al. (2013)
(Inter-research, 2013-01-01) Gusmão, Luiz Felipe Mendes de [UNIFESP]; David McKinnon, Alexander; Richardson, Anthony J.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Queensland; CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res
Hirst et al. (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 489:297-298) suggest that Gusmao et al. (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 482:279-298) misinterpreted the findings of Hirst et al. (2010; Limnol Oceanogr 55:2193-2206). They restate that the major factors determining sex ratio in pelagic copepods act upon the adult stage, but they place less emphasis on the idea that predation on male copepods is a likely determinant, and highlight the role of physiological longevity. Here we reconsider the data and confirm our position that at present there is limited evidence to support the theory of male-skewed predation. However, we agree that sex determination is governed by a combination of factors, with the relative emphasis being the main point of contention between the 2 parties.
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Organochlorines and metals induce changes in the mitochondria-rich cells of fish gills: An integrative field study involving chemical, biochemical and morphological analyses
(Elsevier B.V., 2013-01-15) Fernandes, M. N.; Paulino, M. G.; Sakuragui, M. M.; Ramos, C. A.; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra [UNIFESP]; Sadauskas-Henrique, H.; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Santa Cecilia
Through integrating chemical, biochemical and morphological analyses, this study investigated the effects of multiple pollutants on the gill mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in two fish species, Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus, collected from five sites (FU10, FU20, FU30, FU40 and FU50) in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir. Water analyses revealed aluminum, iron and zinc as well as organochlorine (aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide and metolachlor) contamination at all of the sites, with the exception of FU10. Copper, chrome, iron and zinc were detected in the gills of both species, and aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide were detected in the gills of fish from all of the sites, with the exception of FU10. Fish collected at FU20, FU30 and FU50 exhibited numerous alterations in the surface architecture of their pavement cells and MRCs. the surface MRC density and MRC fractional area were lower in fish from FU20, FU30, FU40 and FU50 than in those from the reference site (FU10) in the winter, and some variability between the sites was observed in the summer. the organochlorine contamination at FU20 and FU50 was associated with variable changes in the MRCs and inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, especially in P. maculatus. At FU30, the alterations in the MRCs were associated with the contaminants present, especially metals. A multivariate analysis demonstrated a positive association between the biological responses of both species and environmental contamination, indicating that under realistic conditions, a mixture of organochlorines and metals affected the MRCs by inhibiting NKA activity and inducing morphological changes, which may cause an ionic imbalance. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Food selection by a mangrove crab: temporal changes in fasted animals
(Springer, 2013-02-01) Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]; Hattori, Gustavo Y.; Pinheiro, Marcelo A. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Estadual Paulista; Univ Fed Amazonas
The feeding choices of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus for various mangrove plant leaves (Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) at different ages (mature, senescent pre-abscission, and decomposing leaves) were examined. in a controlled experiment set in a mangrove area, we evaluated crab selection for different plant leaves by analyzing foraging rate (number of leaves with predation marks) and leaf consumption. Crabs were housed individually in plastic containers and after a 3-day fast supplied with leaf fragments every 24 h for 72 h. Uneaten leaves were removed before each new food offering. No food selection was observed in the first day, but after this period, senescent leaves, which have a high polyphenol content, were rejected. On the third day, an interactive effect between plant species and leaf age was shown to affect leaf selection, with mature leaves of A. schaueriana and L. racemosa being more selected than the other treatments. This observation was consistent across crab sexes and ages. Our results show that food selection by this mangrove crab changes through time in fasted animals, suggesting that this variable must be controlled in food preference studies.
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Integrated quality assessment of sediments from harbour areas in Santos-Sao Vicente Estuarine System, Southern Brazil
(Elsevier B.V., 2013-09-20) Moreira, Lucas Buruaem; Castro, Ítalo Braga; Hortellani, Marcos Antonio; Taniguchi, Satie; Fillmann, Gilberto; Sasaki, Silvio Tarou; Petti, Mônica Angélica Varella; Sarkis, Jorge Eduardo de Souza; Bícego, Márcia Caruso; Maranho, Luciane Alves; Davanso, Marcela Bergo; Nonato, Edmundo Ferraz; Cesar, Augusto [UNIFESP]; Costa-Lotufo, Leticia Veras; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza; Univ Fed Ceara; UNESP Paulista State Univ; FURG Fed Univ Rio Grande; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Santos-Sao Vicente Estuarine System is a highly populated coastal zone in Brazil and where it is located the major port of Latin America. Historically, port activities, industrial and domestic effluents discharges have constituted the main sources of contaminants to estuarine system. This study aimed to assess the recent status of sediment quality from 5 zones of Port of Santos by applying a lines-of-evidence approach through integrating results of: (I) acute toxicity of whole sediment and chronic toxicity of liquid phases; (2) grain size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes and butyltins; (3) benthic community descriptors. Results revealed a gradient of increasing contamination for metals and organic compounds, alongside with their geochemical carriers. Sediment liquid phases were more toxic compared to whole sediment. Low number of species and individuals indicated the impoverishment of benthic community. the use of sediment quality guidelines was more appropriate to predict sediment toxicity. the integration of results through Sediment Quality Triad approach and principal component analysis allowed observing the effects of natural stressors and dredging on sediment quality and benthic distribution. Even with recent governmental efforts to control, pollution is still relevant in Port of Santos and a threat to local ecosystems. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Using a Caesalpinia echinata Lam. protease inhibitor as a tool for studying the roles of neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3 in pulmonary edema
(Elsevier B.V., 2013-12-01) Cruz-Silva, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Neuhof, Christiane; Gozzo, Andrezza Justino [UNIFESP]; Nunes, Viviane Abreu; Hirata, Izaura Yoshico [UNIFESP]; Sampaio, Misako Uemura; Figueiredo-Ribeiro, Rita de Cassia; Neuhof, Heinz; Araujo, Mariana da Silva [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Giessen; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Inst Bot
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by neutrophil infiltration and the release of proteases, mainly elastase (NE), cathepsin G (Cat G) and proteinase 3 (PR3), which can be controlled by specific endogenous inhibitors. However, inhibitors of these proteases have been isolated from different sources, including plants. for this study, CeEI, or Caesalpinia echinata elastase inhibitor, was purified from C. echinata (Brazil-wood) seeds after acetone fractionation, followed by ion exchange and reversed phase chromatographic steps. Characterization with SDS-PAGE, stability assays, amino acid sequencing and alignment with other protein sequences confirmed that CeEI is a member of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor family. Like other members of this family, CeEl is a 20 kDa monomeric protein; it is stable within a large pH and temperature range, with four cysteine residues forming two disulfide bridges, conserved amino acid residues and leucine-isoleucine residues in the reactive site. CeEI was able to inhibit NE and Cat G at a nanomolar range (with K(i)s of 1.9 and 3.6 nM, respectively) and inhibited PR3 within a micromolar range (K-i 3.7 mu M), leading to hydrolysis of specific synthetic substrates. in a lung edema model, CeEI reduced the lung weight and pulmonary artery pressure until 180 min after the injection of zymosan-activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils. in experiments performed in the presence of a Cat G and PR3, but not an NE inhibitor, lung edema was reduced only until 150 min and pulmonary artery pressure was similar to that of the control. These results confirm that NE action is crucial to edema establishment and progression. Additionally, CeEI appears to be a useful tool for studying the physiology of pulmonary edema and provides a template for molecular engineering and drug design for ALI therapy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Photoluminescence and Magnetism in Mn2+-Doped ZnO Nanostructures Grown Rapidly by the Microwave Hydrothermal Method
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2013-12-12) Romeiro, Fernanda da Costa; Marinho, Juliane Zacour; Silva, Anielle Christine Almeida; Cano, Nilo Francisco [UNIFESP]; Dantas, Noelio Oliveira; Lima, Renata Cristina; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Zn1-xMnxO nanostructures were synthesized via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, which rapidly produces particles of controlled size and morphology. Samples were analyzed considering the effects of manganese ion concentration. XRD revealed that all samples had wurtzite-type structure with Mn2+ ions incorporated in the oxide lattice. UV-vis spectra showed absorption bands from the d-d transitions of Mn2+ ions. As the doping concentration increased, the value of the energy gap decreased, indicating intermediary energy levels within the band gap in the Mn-doped ZnO samples. All samples produced broadband photoluminescence (PL) emissions in the yellow-orange-red range. Additionally, the PL intensity decreased with Mn2+ ion incorporation into the ZnO lattice due to the creation of new recombination centers. Microscopy images showed that manganese in the ZnO matrix produced homogeneously distributed nanostructures. EPR results indicated two locations of Mn2+ ions in the ZnO lattice, lower concentrations in the core of the lattice and higher concentrations at the surface.
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Using Urban Streams as Drinking Water: the Potential Risk in Respect to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Content in Sediments
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014-01-01) Nino, Leidy R.; Torres, Ronaldo José [UNIFESP]; Mozeto, Antonio A.; Fadini, Pedro S.; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered carcinogenic and mutagenic. 16 of these compounds are listed as priority control pollutants by the USEPA. the present study aimed at the evaluation of the presence of PAHs in sediments of an urban stream by GC-MS. the study area was located in Indaiatuba-São Paulo-Brazil, and supplies to approximately 40,000 people of a region with limited availability of water. Therefore, this water body flowing in the urban region represents a case study of the potential risk in using this water for drinking. the results show that, in general, the sampling site near the intake of the water treatment plant for human consumption had the highest concentration of total PAHs (247.7 mu g kg(-1)). This is the site that presents more contact with urban pollution and surface runoff from the streets. the PAHs composition pattern by ring number presented a higher proportion of hydrocarbons of 4- and 5-rings, and showed a tendency, in the majority of the samples, of predominance of the high-molecular-weight PAHs, except for samples collected on June 2011 that had a high concentration of naphthalene (a 2-ring PAH). the application of a principal component analysis helped to identify the sources of hydrocarbons as pyrogenic (PC1) and petrogenic origin (PC2). Through this statistical tool it is postulated that, in some periods, the stream was exposed to point and non-point sources of contamination, showing that this type of water supply option has a high degree of vulnerability mainly during the first rain after of a long dry period, and its consumption can cause long-term problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Considerations about the recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf on the Amazon fan
(Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais, 2014-01-01) More, Rodrigo Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
In 2004, Brazil submitted to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) a Submission for the outer limit of the Brazilian continental shelf for its extension beyond the limits of 200 nautical miles. In 2007, the CLCS presented its recommendations, however it did not recommend four areas proposed by Brazil, the Amazon Fan among them. The objective of this study is to present the main legal and technical aspects of the controversy about the Amazon Fan, in order to evaluate some alternatives for a future submission, new or revised.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de Sistema de Informação Geográfica como ferramenta para gestão do monitoramento da qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES, 2014-01-01) Martins, Eduardo Monteiro; Fortes, Júlio Domingos Nunes; Ribeiro, Gilberto Pessanha [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Marcus Felipe Mourão; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Faculdade de Engenharia; Faculdade de Engenharia da UERJ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UERJ Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental
The concern with the air quality management in the city of Rio de Janeiro has increased in recent last years due to the great events that this city will receive in the near future. The use of a Geographic Information System as a tool for the air quality management was evaluated in this work. A new delimitation of air basins was proposed using the digital data suggesting the appearance of three new air basins and the change of the spatial configuration of the existing air basins.
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Thermoluminescence features of MgB4O7:Tb phosphor
(Elsevier B.V., 2014-02-01) Kawashima, Yasmin Sayuri; Gugliotti, Caroline Ferreira; Yee, Márcio; Tatumi, Sonia Hatsue [UNIFESP]; Mittani, Juan Carlos Ramirez; Fac Tecnol São Paulo FATEC SP; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
In the present work, polycrystalline samples of MgB4O7 doped with terbium at different concentrations were synthesized using the solvent evaporation method. the sample doped with 1 mol% of Tb presented the highest luminescence intensity. the glow curve of the samples showed an intense and well defined TL peak having the maximum on 220 degrees C and a small shoulder peak at similar to 330 degrees C. TL spectra and fluorescence of 1 mol% doped sample presented a strong Tb3+ emission lines at 489, 545, 588 and 622 nm. the TL dose response was measured over the gamma dose range between 1 and 10 Gy. the relationship between peak intensity and dose was linear and the minimum detectable dose obtained by interpolation taking into account three times the standard deviation of the zero dose reading was 50 mu Gy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) exudates: Chemical characterization and complexation capacity for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb
(Elsevier B.V., 2014-02-01) Tonietto, Alessandra Emanuele; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; Henriques Vieira, Armando Augusto; Parrish, Christopher C.; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Mem Univ Newfoundland; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Santa Cecilia
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a cosmopolitan and potentially toxic planktonic Cyanobacteria that produces and exudes copious amounts of dissolved organic materials. This organism dominates the eutrophic reservoir Barra Bonita (Brazil), where it normally blooms throughout the year. This investigation focused on the characterization of such exudates analyzing their capacity to complex copper, zinc, lead and cadmium through the determination of ligand concentration (C-L) and conditional stability constant (logK'mL), as well as elemental composition (C, H, N and S), the content of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). the dissolved organic material was fractionated into 3 molecular weights (>30 kDa; 30-10 kDa; 10-3 kDa) and each fraction was analyzed. the results showed that in the >30 kDa and 30-10 kDa fractions carbohydrates dominate over proteins and lipids. Different CL and logK'mL were obtained for the different molecular weight fractions of the excreted organic materials, suggesting high diversity of ligands. in the >30 kDa, there were more complexing sites (CL) for Cu, but higher affinity (K') for Zn. in the 30-10 kDa fraction, the higher C-L was for Cd, but the greatest affinities were for Cu and Zn. in the 10-3 kDa fraction, higher C-L was obtained for Cd and Zn, while Cu and Cd had the highest strengths of association. in the environment, such diversity of ligands and strengths of association can result in a displacement of metals weakly bound to the EOM, and increase metal buffering capacity of the environment, supporting higher metal inputs before toxic effects are detected in the biota. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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OSL dating of sediments from Negro and Solimoes rivers - Amazon, Brazil
(Elsevier B.V., 2014-02-01) Fiore, Marina; Soares, Emilio Alberto do Amaral; Mittani, Juan Carlos Ramirez; Yee, Márcio; Tatumi, Sonia Hatsue [UNIFESP]; Fac Tecnol São Paulo FATEC SP; Univ Fed Amazonas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
In this work, the OSL dating results of Quaternary fluvial deposits from the confluence of Negro and Solimoes rivers were studied. the equivalent doses (D-e) of sediments were obtained using a Single Aliquot Regeneration (SAR) protocol. Statistic studies were made using frequency histogram, weighted histogram and Radial plot in order to analyze the D-e fluctuations. Ages from 74.5 to 205 thousand of years (Pleistocene) were recorded. the gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to evaluate the natural radioisotopes concentrations of the samples and low concentrations were found with values between 0.64 and 3.71 ppm for U-235 and U-238; 2.01-9.77 ppm for Th-232; already, for K-40, the concentration was negligible. the OSL dating of sediments has contributed to a better understanding of the evolution of Negro and Solimbes rivers, in Amazon, Brazil. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The Naked Coral'' Hypothesis Revisited - Evidence for and Against Scleractinian Monophyly
(Public Library Science, 2014-04-16) Kitahara, Marcelo Visentini [UNIFESP]; Lin, Mei Fang; Foret, Sylvain; Huttley, Gavin; Miller, David John; Chen, Chaolun Allen; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); James Cook Univ; Acad Sinica; Australian Natl Univ; Natl Taiwan Univ
The relationship between Scleractinia and Corallimorpharia, Orders within Anthozoa distinguished by the presence of an aragonite skeleton in the former, is controversial. Although classically considered distinct groups, some phylogenetic analyses have placed the Corallimorpharia within a larger Scleractinia/Corallimorpharia clade, leading to the suggestion that the Corallimorpharia are naked corals'' that arose via skeleton loss during the Cretaceous from a Scleractinian ancestor. Scleractinian paraphyly is, however, contradicted by a number of recent phylogenetic studies based on mt nucleotide (nt) sequence data. Whereas the naked coral'' hypothesis was based on analysis of the sequences of proteins encoded by a relatively small number of mt genomes, here a much-expanded dataset was used to reinvestigate hexacorallian phylogeny. the initial observation was that, whereas analyses based on nt data support scleractinian monophyly, those based on amino acid (aa) data support the naked coral'' hypothesis, irrespective of the method and with very strong support. To better understand the bases of these contrasting results, the effects of systematic errors were examined. Compared to other hexacorallians, the mt genomes of Robust'' corals have a higher (A+T) content, codon usage is far more constrained, and the proteins that they encode have a markedly higher phenylalanine content, leading us to suggest that mt DNA repair may be impaired in this lineage. Thus the naked coral'' topology could be caused by high levels of saturation in these mitochondrial sequences, long-branch effects or model violations. the equivocal results of these extensive analyses highlight the fundamental problems of basing coral phylogeny on mitochondrial sequence data.

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